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SAHIL’s Script
Starting ch tu add kar @sahil
So the first topic is CISC. It is nothing but a complex instruction set computer. In this processor,
a complex instruction set will be there. The main use of the CISC processor is that,
It is designed to minimize the no. of instructions per program by ignoring the no. of cycles per
instructions.
And its design helps us to operate on large and complex instruction sets so as to execute various
tasks using the least possible codes.
It is based on more than one instruction per cycle execution approach and it requires Very little
RAM to store the instructions and It is used in Desktop, Laptop, Computers.
So We can say that CISC processors are maturely designed to provide direct hardware support to
the developer so this was all about the CISC processor. Next topic will be explained by bhakti.
Over to u bhakti
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BHAKTI SCRIPT
So the next topic is RISC. Actually, RISC stands for Reduced instruction set computer.
So the name itself is indicating that it is the reduced instruction set.
It is designed to reduce the execution time by simplifying the instruction set computer.
So whatever the instruction set that will be in the computer those are simplified and
reduced so that you called it as a RISC. So using the RISC processor each instruction
requires only one clock cycle to executes result in uniform execution time. And here each
clock cycle means it is consisting of a fetch, decode, execute means whatever the
instruction we are taken that instruction will be executed in only one clock cycle means
fetching, executing and decoding will be done.
It uses highly optimized set of instructions. It is used in portable devices like Apple
iPods, Smartphone and tablets.
So in this field the RISC processor are used. Why because it always consisting of reduced
instruction set, so means only the small instruction will be executed at a time. So to make
the program little bit efficient these RISC processors are used.
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Shubham Script
The paper I have contributed is Comparative Study of RISC AND CISC
Architectures. These are the authors of the paper. It was published in the
International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research in 2016.
Next
This paper mainly focuses on RISC and CISC architecture.
Like microprocessor chips are divided into 2 categories that are RISC i.e reduced
instruction set computer.
And CISC complex instruction set computer.
As we know, mobile phones are based on RISC nowadays. And CISC architecture
is used by AMD and Intel.
In this paper they discussed about advantages of RISC and CISC
Advantages of RISC such as..
1) It’s performance is better because of the simple and limited number of
instructions.
2) It provides free space for microprocessors. And so on.
On the other hand the advantages of CISC are..
1) Length of code is short, hence it requires less memory.
2) It requires less RAM to store instructions etc.
This paper also focuses on various properties of RISC and CISC.
Properties of RISC such as..
1) Small and simple instructions.
2) Pipelining
3) Same length for all instructions Etc
and some properties of CISC that are..
1) Simple and complex instructions.
2) It takes more than 1 clock per cycle to execute.
So The overall conclusion of this paper is..
They briefly explained about RISC and CISC architectures on the bases of their
properties and also explained their advantages.They also concluded that RISC
architecture had advantages that resulted in a machine's excellent performance and
was adopted for commercial products. and also to Clarify the new Processor based
on Risc and Cisc.
NEXT…
The article that I have contributed for RISC vs CISC.
These are the authors of this article; It was published in October 2021.
NEXT
The main motive of this article is to clarify the difference between RISC and CISC.
They differentiated RISC and CISC on the basis of its focus, cycle per second,
code size, transistors, types of clocks and instructions etc.
The main aspect of this paper is designing principles..
Instruction, register and load-store architecture are the basic principles of RISC.
Because of these principles RISC processors are simpler.
In recent years the line between RISC and CISC has faded because CISC
processors have adopted some of the design principles of the RISC.
They also focus on advantages and disadvantages
Simplicity, set of instructions, compiler for efficient code, pipelining and less time
are the advantages of RISC.
The main disadvantage of RISC is that performance depends on the compiler.
Small codes and complex instructions are advantages and more than 1 clock per
cycle is the main disadvantage of CISC architecture.
So this was a quick review of the RISC vs CISC article.
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Sahil Script
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So the paper that I have contributed for is A Comparison of RISC and CISC Architectures. And
these are the authors and this paper was published in the Department of Statistics and Informatics
Next slide (alert)
So as the title of the paper indicates, this paper mainly focuses on the comparisons of RISC and
CISC architectures. Since modern processors have to address both power consumption and
performance, it is important to compare these architectures to support future project decisions.
In the first section, the authors discuss recent studies that compare modern CISC and RISC
processors regarding ISA, performance and power consumption.
Then the next section exposes the main differences between the CISC and RISC architectures.
And Here, benefits and drawbacks are introduced, providing an outline for both CPU designs.
Then this paper also summarizes the main characteristics of the architecture and in the next
section the authors have stated the recent analysis in which it was found that the ISA does not
have a significant impact on performance. Regardless of the contrasts between both
architectures, studies showed that the effects of ISA on performance are identical on ARM and
x86 processors. And According to results gathered from this same analysis, power usage depends
more on the choice of core design optimization, which can emphasize either power or
performance.
So as a conclusion they derived the many points such as the gap between RISC and CISC
architectures is becoming thinner. And Recent x86 processors use pipelining as well as maintain
a complex instruction set. So this was a quick overview of what's in the paper.
Next slide
The article I have referred to is Revisiting the RISC vs. CISC Debate and this article was written
by Arpit Gupta on April 9, 2019.
Next slide
Now let’s discuss what is explained in this article.
So This article mainly focuses on RISC vs. CISC wars that raged in the 1980s when the chip
area and processor design complexity were the primary constraints and desktops and servers
exclusively dominated the computing landscape.
Today, energy and power are the primary design constraints and the computing landscape is
significantly different.
And the most fascinating part of this article is that RISC and CISC ISA traits are irrelevant
to power and performance characteristics of modern cores. It appears decades of hardware
and compiler research has enabled efficient handling of both RISC and CISC ISAs and both
are equally positioned for the coming years of energy constrained innovation.
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Umesh Script
Slide No 12
I am working on this paper,
The Title of this paper is RISC and CISC architecture.
This paper was written by kirti tokas, Dhruv Sharma and Lokesh Yadav.
This was published in the International journal of innovative research in technology. In
the year of 2014.
Next…………
Slide No 13
So let’s discuss what is mentioned in this paper.
So the first point which is discussed by researchers is the RISC VERSUS CISC -in this
How fast you can crank up the clock. •How much work you can do per cycle. And How
many instructions you need to perform a task. This section will deal with the major
differences between the two architectures based on the this factors.
Authors also provide the information related to the properties of these two
architectures in this section.
•Pipelining •Microcode control and Hardwired control Such properties are mentioned in
the paper.
In the 3rd point they also review the comparison which is based on the points such as
cost, super scaling, registers and fewer more points like this.
final section, the writer of this paper mentions the CRISC stands for (Complex-Reduced
Instruction Set Computers) which is the hybrid between the two architectures. It came
into existence by the release of Intel i486 processor.
In conclusion,The RISC versus CISC debate was most certainly a good thing as it
allowed the industry to explore and come up with solutions that have significantly raised
the machine’s performance we use today.
Next…………
Slide No 14
For more brief knowledge of this topic I refer to this article. This Article was published
by Arpit Gupta on the official site of the Ukessays, on the date of 27th April of 2017. The
title of this article is study of various RISC and CISC Processors.
Slide 15
So we will see the overview of this article.
First is Operation
Which operations are performed in processors ,Which conditions are needed for
operations such a type of information are included in this section of the article.
Second point is
REASONS FOR INCREASED COMPLEXITY
Author of this article mentions the points which are responsible for increase in
complexity are Code Density, Marketing Strategy and Upward Compatibility. More such
points are also mentioned by the writer.
The RISC Design Strategies:-
The basic RISC principle is “A simpler CPU is a faster CPU”.
The focus of the RISC design is reduction of the number and complexity of instructions.
So finally
The Comparison of RISC and CISC this point is also mentioned in the research paper but
info provided in the article by the writer is different from the paper so i will include this
information.
basically Comparison is based on Developed year, No of Instructions,Instruction size
in(bits),Addressing Modes,Cache Size
In the end, Author concludes that In recent years CISC processors have been
designed that successfully overcome the limitations of their instruction set
architecture that is more elegant and power-efficient, but compilers need to be
improved and clock speeds need to increase to match the aggressive design of the
latest Intel processors.
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Bhakti Script
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So the paper that I have contributed for is A new trend for RISC and CISC architecture. And
these are the authors and this paper was published on the ResearchGate in the year 2017.
Next
So as we all know, From the architecture point of view, the microprocessor chips are classified
into two categories: (CISC) and (RISC). In either case, the objective is to improve system
performance. So in the 1st section there is the comparative study between CISC and RISC
processors.
Then in the next section, There are several Techniques used for evaluating CISC and RISC
Architectures. That is by Combining features, then by Experimental comparisons. And by The
impact of system software on CISC and RISC processors.
Now lets discuss whats unique in this Paper. so in this, the authors have tried to address the new
trend of these two architectures, that is CRISC (Complex-Reduce Instruction Set Computer). It is
the future of the processor design or we can say they are hybrid between the two architectures.
Like for example Intel Pentium-Pro. It is an interesting blend of the two architectures. It still
executes the CISC instruction set, but the internal implementation is on high performance.
So this was a quick overview of, what’s in the paper.
Now let's move to the next slide.
The article I have referred is RISC architecture And these are the authors and this article was
published on the Stanford website in 2019.
Next slide
Now let’s discuss about what is explained in this article.
So In this, the authors discuss various RISC and CISC approaches. Then they compared the
RISC and CISC processors on certain properties.
And the most fascinating part of this article is that author have stated the performance equation.
Means that is commonly used for expressing the computer's performance ability and then they
discussed about overall advantages of RISC processors.
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Tanmay’s Script
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The paper that I have contributed for is titled as power Struggle:
Revisiting the RISC vs. CISC Debate , on Contemporary ARM and
x86 Architectures.
This paper is written by Emily Blem, Jaikrishnan Menon, and
Karthikeyan Sankaralingam , and was published on IEEE in 2013.
NEXT SLIDE
Now lets discuss that , whats unique in this Paper .
So as the title of the paper indicates, this paper mainly focuses on
what is the difference between actual power consumption of RISC
vs CISC architecture . i.e. which one is better in which area. They
also focused on Instruction Set Architecture of RISC and CISC .
Then this paper also focuses on what were the challenges faced
while comparing RISC vs CISC , such as factors that are influenced
or driven by the ISA and also ISA independent factors such as chip
process technology, device optimization, memory bandwidth etc.
Then this paper also frames the key impacts of Instruction Set
Architecture on the Experiment.
And they have also tabulated the trends of RISC and CISC
Then they have written about their infrastructure and tools . In this
process they wrote that how they managed to give their best to keep
both RISC and CISC on equal footing etc.
They also did various performance analysis such as Execution Time
Comparison, Cycle-Count Comparison, Instruction Count
Comparison etc.
After performing performance analysis, they went to power and
energy analysis and recorded their observations.
As a conclusion they derived many points such as While their study
shows that RISC and CISC ISA traits are irrelevant to power and
performance characteristics of modern cores, the ISAs continue to
evolve to better support exposing workload-specific semantic
information.
So this was a quick overview of, what’s in the paper.
NEXT SLIDE
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The article I have referred is RISC vs. CISC Is the Wrong Lens for
Comparing Modern x86, ARM CPUs.
This article was written by Joel Hruska on December 20, 2021
NEXT SLIDE
Now let’s discuss about what is explained in this article.
This article mainly focuses on Apple’s M2 chip , which is releasing
on 8th of march and discuss how its associated with RISC and
CISC .
And a short history of the Parts People Agree On RISC and CISC
and Agreement on the mutual history of CISC versus RISC stops in
the early 1990s.
This article describes about Implementation vs ISA and does RISC
and CISC’s Development Converge .
We also get to know How Encumbered Are x86 CPUs in the
Modern Era .
It’s time to pull this discussion into the modern era and consider
what the implications of this “RISC versus CISC” comparison are
for the ARM and x86 CPUs actually shipping today etc.
And the most fascinating part of this article is , Why RISC vs. CISC
Is the Wrong Way to Compare x86, ARM CPUs . And a short
conclusion of this article is that , Nothing in this story should be
read to imply that an ARM CPU can’t be faster and more efficient
than an x86 CPU .
NEXT PAGE
And this is the flow of Work distribution done by us ,
Here Shubham and Umesh would be working on gathering
more information about RISC and CISC and covering different
characteristics of this.
Bhakti would be working on comparison of different aspects of
RISC and CISC .
I would be working on a Problem Statement that i found in my
research paper and try to find a solution for it by gathering
more information about the topic.
And Sahil would be also working on a problem statement that
he found in his paper.
So this was all about our Presentation , thank you .
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Tanmay PS : Problem with existing general purpose systems are
that it required a huge set of hardware and very complex design
which support small and big every application
Sahil PS: We discussed the RISC and CISC Architectures.
Nowadays the Technology is growing rapidly the problem is
how fix the problem of performance between Risc and Cisc
