DYNAMIC MULTIPHASE FLOW SIMULATOR

OLGA 2017
Version 2017.2

GUI manual
Copyright Notice
Copyright © 2017 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
This work contains the confidential and proprietary trade secrets of Schlumberger and may not
be copied or stored in an information retrieval system, transferred, used, distributed, translated
or retransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in whole or in part,
without the express written permission of the copyright owner.

Trademarks & Service Marks

Schlumberger, the Schlumberger logotype, and other words or symbols used to identify the
products and services described herein are either trademarks, trade names or service marks of
Schlumberger and its licensors, or are the property of their respective owners. These marks
may not be copied, imitated or used, in whole or in part, without the express prior written
permission of Schlumberger. In addition, covers, page headers, custom graphics, icons, and
other design elements may be service marks, trademarks, and/or trade dress of Schlumberger,
and may not be copied, imitated, or used, in whole or in part, without the express prior written
permission of Schlumberger. Other company, product, and service names are the properties of
their respective owners.

ROCX® is a mark of Schlumberger.

An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to designate other marks of Schlumberger.

Security Notice
The software described herein is configured to operate with at least the minimum specifications
set out by Schlumberger. You are advised that such minimum specifications are merely
recommendations and not intended to be limiting to configurations that may be used to operate
the software. Similarly, you are advised that the software should be operated in a secure
environment whether such software is operated across a network, on a single system and/or on
a plurality of systems. It is up to you to configure and maintain your networks and/or system(s)
in a secure manner. If you have further questions as to recommendations regarding
recommended specifications or security, please feel free to contact your local Schlumberger
representative.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Table of Contents

OLGA GUI User manual ............................................................................................... 4

Graphical User Interface .............................................................................................. 5
Relationship between OLGA GUI and OLGA Simulation engine ............................... 5
Introduction to projects and cases .............................................................................. 6
Dataflow in the OLGA GUI together with editors ........................................................ 6
Files and file extensions ............................................................................................. 9
Case toolbar ............................................................................................................. 10
File menu .............................................................................................................. 14
Moving windows .................................................................................................... 25
Diagram view ........................................................................................................ 26
Model Browser ...................................................................................................... 41
Components view .................................................................................................. 50
Case overview ....................................................................................................... 52
Flowpath geometry data view ............................................................................... 53
Output view ........................................................................................................... 58
Connections view .................................................................................................. 59
Timeline view ........................................................................................................ 60
Simulation ................................................................................................................. 62
Reports ..................................................................................................................... 63
Plots .......................................................................................................................... 64
Common behavior in trend, profile and fluid plots ................................................ 64
Trend plots ............................................................................................................ 69
Profile plots ........................................................................................................... 72
Fluid plots .............................................................................................................. 74
3D Plots ................................................................................................................. 75
Velocity Profiles ..................................................................................................... 78
Interactive trend and profile plots .......................................................................... 82
Tools available with OLGA ........................................................................................ 87
OLGA Command Prompt.......................................................................................... 87
OLGA Viewer ............................................................................................................ 89
Risk management and optimisation (RMO) .............................................................. 90
RMO input parameters .......................................................................................... 94
Action buttons ....................................................................................................... 95
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................... 96
Parametric study ....................................................................................................... 96
Naming of cases ................................................................................................... 98
Create a study ....................................................................................................... 99
Viewing results .................................................................................................... 101
Fluid Definition Tool/Fann table .............................................................................. 102
Mud properties - model description ..................................................................... 104
IO Configuration Tool .............................................................................................. 106
Add configurations .............................................................................................. 107
Buttons and windows .......................................................................................... 116

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 Undo and Redo IO configurations ....................................................................... 117
Limitations ........................................................................................................... 119
Multiphase Toolkit ................................................................................................... 119

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 OLGA GUI user manual

OLGA GUI User manual

The complete program documentation includes:

 OLGA* Release notes

 OLGA User manual
 OLGA GUI User manual (this document)
 OLGA Sample cases
 Well editor User manual
 OLGA Viewer User manual
 Pipeline editor User manual
 Profile generator User manual
 FEMTherm editor User manual
 OLGA OPC server guide
 OLGA Submodeling guide
 OLGA Namespace Explorer guide
 Installation guide
 ROCX User manual

All documents listed above are available from the Start menu (Start > All Programs > Schlumberger >
OLGA [version] > Documentation).

The OLGA User manual is also available from the Help menu in the OLGA GUI. User Manuals for other
tools included with the installation (for example, FEMTherm, ROCX, and OLGA Namespace Explorer) are
available from the Help menu in the tool.

Release information

Please refer to the Release notes for detailed release information.

Online help

You can open the OLGA context-sensitive help directly from the user interface in the following ways:

 Click the Properties view and press F1 to view information on the relevant model.
 Select Help from the File menu.
 Select the Help icon in the upper right corner of the OLGA main window.

Support

The Support Portal provides useful information about frequently asked questions and known issues.

Please contact OLGA support if problems or missing functionality are encountered when using OLGA or
any of the related tools included in the OLGA software package.

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Graphical User Interface

Relationship between OLGA GUI and OLGA Simulation engine

When starting OLGA, two major components come into play:

OLGA GUI

The OLGA GUI is the graphical user interface, which enables the creation of new OLGA cases, editing
input, starting simulations, viewing results and much more.

OLGA Simulator

The OLGA simulator is the component that performs the simulation. The simulation is usually started from
the OLGA GUI, but it can also be started independently (using a command line interface). The results from
the simulation are stored in plot-files, which can be displayed in the OLGA GUI.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Introduction to projects and cases

An OLGA case (model) is a collection of all the input data that is sent to the simulator when you run a
simulation. It usually consists of pipelines, process equipment and more to simulate the real world objects.
It also contains information about simulation options, boundary conditions, and so on, that influence the
simulation. A case can also consist of references to other files, such as tab-files for fluid definitions and
files with compressor characteristics.

An OLGA project is a container for one or more OLGA cases and is a way of organizing relevant files. A
project can contain other information, such as Microsoft ® Word® documents, reports, Microsoft Excel®
calculations and more. The fluid files that are referred to in a case are included automatically in the project.

When working in the OLGA GUI, work is always performed within the context of a project. OLGA creates a
project when one does not exist. When a case is opened, the OLGA GUI creates a project for it. When you
close the OLGA GUI, it prompts you to save the project and the case(s).

Dataflow in the OLGA GUI together with editors

Dataflow in the OLGA GUI

You can use the OLGA GUI to create and edit any OLGA model. The model that the OLGA GUI sends to
the OLGA simulator is described in a keyword/key based structure. You can edit the keywords and their
keys directly in the OLGA GUI. For users familiar with the keyword structure, the OLGA GUI offers a
compact editing format using the Model Browser and the multi-keyword editor. The OLGA GUI also
includes a set of editors that offer more support for creating new models. An editor in OLGA has the
following characteristics:

 An editor contains one or more input pages customized for a specific domain.
 An editor can impose an internal workflow.
 An editor does not use the keywords and keys of OLGA but can convert the input given in the input
pages to the OLGA keywords and keys.

There are three editors in OLGA: the Pipeline editor, the Well editor and the Bundle editor. Details for
working in these editors are given in their respective user manuals. Here, the overall workflow is described.

You can save the model you build in an editor in a library. The library contains a domain-specific
representation of the model, not using the OLGA keywords. You can reuse this model in different
simulation scenarios. Before you run a simulation, you convert this model into a keyword/key based model
that you can then edit in the keyword-based GUI or send 'as is' to the OLGA simulator. You control the
discretization when converting the model to a keyword/key model. This is shown in the following figure.

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 The conversion from editor to keyword/key model is a one-way transition. The generated keyword/key
model can be edited further in the keyword-based GUI. Any changes made here are not transferred back
into the editor. If you return to the editor after making changes in the keyword-based GUI, a warning is
issued because when you regenerate the keyword based model, you will overwrite your changes.

Not all changes done in the keyword/key model are overwritten when you regenerate the model from the
editor. The following principle is used:

 Changes to the keywords and keys generated by the editor are overwritten when you regenerate.
 Changes to keywords and keys that are not generated by the editor are not overwritten.

There are some exceptions to this principle:

 Changes done to keys on equipment are not overwritten by the Pipeline editor, except for the keys
that control the location of the equipment.
 Flow connections are not overwritten by either the Pipeline editor or the Well editor.

Different strategies when working in an editor and keyword-based GUI

When you work in an editor, you do not use the OLGA PIPE and SECTION keywords to position objects.
You typically give the position of, for example, equipment as a distance from the start of the pipeline or
well. This is a fundamental difference between working in an editor compared with working in the keyword-
based GUI. The conversion from the model built in the editor to the keyword based model is done by the
editor. The OLGA PIPEs and SECTIONs are created based on the model built in the editor. The editor
ensures that there is a SECTION or SECTIONBOUNDARY where you have positioned the object. The
discretization of the model adapts to the model, not vice versa. The following example illustrates the
difference.

Example

Modeling a pipeline with a pump with the following geometry:

Modeling this in the keyword-based GUI, you add PIPE keywords and divide it into a number of sections.
To position the pump exactly where you want (780 m into the pipe in this example) you must make sure
that there is a section boundary at 780 m. Using the Pipeline editor to model this, you define that the
pump is positioned at 780 m. When you generate the OLGA keyword/key model, the editor ensures that
there is a section boundary at that position and inserts a pump there.

Note: Because the discretization is vital to the results and the simulation speed, you must consider this
when working in the editors. Both the Pipeline editor and Well editor have a Discretization page
where you can tune and preview the discretized model before creating it.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Workflow for building a pipeline in OLGA using the Pipeline editor and Profile generator

An overview of the basic workflow for building a pipeline in OLGA including the different tools that support
this workflow is shown in the figure below.

The Profile generator is a stand-alone tool that is used to simplify a detailed profile into a profile that is
used in an OLGA simulation. Too many pipes and sections reduce the performance of the OLGA
simulator. The Profile generator offers a box filter to remove noise and an angle distribution algorithm to
create simplified profiles without compromising the simulation results.

You can import the pipeline profile created in the Profile generator into the Pipeline editor. In the
Pipeline editor, you can add material to the pipeline, add equipment and specify ambient conditions. You
can then convert the model into an OLGA keyword/key model. You can then further detail the model in the
keyword-based GUI before running the simulation.

When you save the OLGA case into an *.opi file, both the input to the editor and the generated model are
saved.

Workflow for editing an existing OLGA model

If you have a case not created by using the Pipeline editor, you have two options:

1. You can continue to edit the case using the keyword-based GUI.
2. You can connect the flowpaths to the Pipeline editor.

Double-click the flowpath to open it in the Flowpath geometry data view. This is a view of all PIPE
keywords in the flowpath. In this view, you can edit all properties of the PIPES. You can also import a
geometry to replace the one you already have.

To connect a flowpath to the Pipeline editor, click Open in editor. Note that when you connect an
existing flowpath to the editor, only the profile is transferred. The material given by the WALL keywords
and other information is not transferred. You can edit the pipeline in the Pipeline editor and then
regenerate the model. The original flowpath is then replaced with the generated model. If you want to use
the old WALLS, you must select them again using the Flowpath geometry data view. Any signal
connections to or from the model are removed and must be reconnected. Connections to nodes and all
equipment are kept.

Workflow for building a well in OLGA using the Well editor

The workflow for creating a well using the Well editor is similar to using the Pipeline editor. The Well
editor contains some basic functionality for filtering the well trajectory.

You cannot transfer the geometry from an existing flowpath into the Well editor as you can with the
Pipeline editor. There is a separate library for wells created by the Well editor.

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 Files and file extensions
When using the OLGA GUI, you do not need to understand the different files used by the OLGA GUI and
the simulator. However, a basic understanding of the different file types is useful when you back up files in
Windows® Explorer or run simulations from the command line. The figure below shows some of the files
used by OLGA.

Project File (*.opp)

The project file is a file with references to other files (for example, case files).

Case File (*.opi)

The case file contains all user input, the graphical layout of the model, parametric study input and more.

Generated input files (*.genkey)

The genkey file is generated when starting an OLGA simulation from the graphical user interface (GUI).

Output files

During the simulation, the simulator produces several types of output files. The most common are trend
plots (*.tpl), profile plots (*.ppl), general output information (*.out) and restart files (*.rsw).

The files with a '~' prefix (for example, ~Case-0.opi) are the case files from the last save.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Case toolbar

Toolbar Tool tip Shortcut Description

icon key

Duplicate Case Creates a new identical case and adds it to the project.

Remove Case Gives three options:

 Remove from project
 Delete
 Delete all output files as well.

Save Case Ctrl + S Saves the case.

Save Case As Opens a window with the option to save the case with a new
name.

Copy Ctrl + C Copies the selected components. The label consists of the
original label and a suffix, and is globally unique.

Paste Ctrl + V Pastes the copied components.

Delete Delete Deletes the selection.

button

Undo Ctrl + Z to You can undo and redo the following actions:
action/Redo undo  Move and re-size objects
action Ctrl + Y to  Add objects and keywords
redo  Delete objects and keywords
 Change keywords
 Change units
 Auto-arrange items
 Paste actions
 Connections
 Text changed in Comment field.

Show Grid Makes the grid on the Diagram view visible.

Snap to Grid Snaps items to the grid when moving them.

This works even when the grid is not visible.

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Toolbar Tool tip Shortcut Description
icon key

Straight lines Use straight line mode for flowpaths and signal lines.
Select this command to
 change all existing flowpaths and signal lines from right-
angled lines to straight lines.
 set the default mode. Select Straight lines to use this
on all new flowpaths and signal lines.

It is possible to apply straight line mode to individual

flowpaths and signal lines as well, with the context menu.

Right angles Use right angles on flowpaths and signal lines.

Select this command to
 change all flowpaths and signal lines from straight lines
to right angles.
 set the default mode. Select Right angles to use this on
all new flowpaths and signal lines.

You can apply right-angle mode to individual flowpaths and

signal lines as well, with the context menu.

Auto route Use auto routing for flowpaths and signal lines.
When you select this command, the diagram avoids
collisions between the objects on the canvas. Flowpaths
and signal lines are routed automatically around nodes and
other objects. The auto routing occurs when you connect a
signal or flowpath, and when you move the end-points of a
flowpath or a signal.
Only the object you are moving or connecting is auto routed.
After the line is auto routed, you can adjust it by moving the
control points (or inserting new ones). This does not trigger
the auto routing.

Arrange Rearranges the graphical layout with mainly horizontal flow

Horizontally lines.

Arrange Rearranges the graphical layout with mainly vertical flow

Vertically lines.

Local instances Shows all local instances of the selected object in an editor
table; all valves on one flowpath.

Global instances Shows all instances in a case of the selected object in an

editor table.

Duplicate to all Duplicates the selected object to all flowpaths.

flowpaths

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OLGA GUI user manual

Toolbar Tool tip Shortcut Description

icon key

Network Opens the Network Connections Overview window.

Connections

Submodel Opens the Submodel Connections window.

connections

Add to User’s Adds the selected object to the User's Library.

Library

Import from Opens the User's Library with a list of objects that can be
User’s Library imported.

Show User's Opens the User's Library with a list of objects.

Library

Parametric Opens the Parametric studies page.

Studies

Copy as image Copies the Diagram view or plot to the clipboard, depending
on what is in focus in the center area.

Well library Opens a window where you can browse for the well library.
location

Pipeline library Opens a window where you can browse for the pipeline
location library.

Profile generator Opens a separate tool for creating a pipeline profile to be

used in OLGA.

Timeline view Opens the Timeline view.

I/O Configuration Opens the I/O Configuration Tool used to define plot
Tool variables and to populate variables on the OLGA OPC
server.

Risk Management Opens the Risk management and optimisation tool used to
and Optimisation perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, as well as
(RMO) tuning/optimisation on parameters defined in OLGA.

FEMTherm editor Opens a window with easy configuration of bundles/annulus

and burial of flowpaths.

Pipeline editor Opens the Pipeline editor, which can be used to add a new
pipeline to the case. Click the arrow to the right to view
already open Pipeline editor instances.

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Toolbar Tool tip Shortcut Description
icon key

OLGA Well editor Opens the Well editor which can be used to add a well to
the case. Click the arrow to the right to view already open
well cases.

Run Batch F4 Runs the simulation from a command shell window,

independent of the OLGA GUI.

Run Interactive F5 Runs the simulation well integrated with the OLGA GUI.

Pause F9 Pauses the simulation if run interactively.

Step Ctrl + F5 Runs one step (only interactively).

This setting does not override the OLGA time step setting.

Step length Option to configure the length of the step.

Stop Shift + F5 Stops the simulation.

Verify F7 Checks the input file and reports errors and missing
information in the Output view.

Clear errors Clear all error messages in the Diagram view. You can
also select Clear errors from the context menu of the
Output window.

Multiple Plots Adds a plot tab to the case with the option to select and
configure multiple plots.

Trend Plot Adds a trend plot to the case if trend variable(s) are
selected.

Profile Plot Adds a profile plot to the case if profile variables(s) are
selected.

3D Plot Adds a 3D holdup profile plot.

Fluid Plot Gives the option to plot the fluid properties defined in a tab
file.

Report Opens an input report of the case.

Save Restart F3 Saves a restart file (only available for interactive simulation
and when the simulation is paused).

Output File Opens the out file in a text editor.

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OLGA GUI user manual

File menu
When OLGA starts, the File menu appears with New selected. From the New page, you can create a case
by selecting an empty case or a sample. Samples are complete cases that are ready to simulate.

You can access the File menu by clicking on File. To exit the File menu, click either on File again or on a
case tab.

The File menu contains the following items:

File menu item Shortcut key Description

Save Project Saves the project and all open cases.

Save Project Ctrl + Shift + Saves the project with a new name. The cases are saved but are not
as S renamed.

Open Case Ctrl + O Opens a case of file type *.opi, *.inp or*.key.

Open Project Ctrl + Shift + Opens a project of file type *.opp.

O

Import Opens a case of file type *.geninp or *.genkey.

Close Project Closes the project with the option to save it.

New New cases or projects can be created in this page.

Recent Recent projects and cases are listed in this page.

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File menu item Shortcut key Description

Tools Internal and external tools can be accessed in this page.

Extensions Extensions can be installed, disabled/enabled and uninstalled in this

page.

Help Shows information about manuals, sample cases and support.

Options Opens the options window.

Exit Closes OLGA with the option to save the project.

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OLGA GUI user manual

New
 New cases or projects are created from the New page.
 A new project is created by clicking on the Empty project icon.

This opens a file window where you can specify the location and name of the project.

 A new case is created either by selecting Empty case or by choosing an appropriate sample.

When creating a new case from samples, you choose between categories in the Categories pane on the
left of the page. The samples for each category are shown in the Cases pane to the right.

There are two sample views: carousel or icon view. You can choose between views with the two icons at
the upper right of the New from Samples section.

The carousel view shows a preview of the network and a description of the sample. You can navigate
sequentially between samples. The front sample, highlighted in orange, is the selected sample. Navigate
by clicking to the right or left of the selected sample, which brings the new selected sample to the front.
You can also use the arrow buttons, or the left and right arrow keys on the keyboard.

You can define the name and location of the new case at the bottom of the window. To choose a different
location of the case, use the Browse button to open the Browse for folder dialog box. The default
location of new cases can be changed in the Options window.

When selecting a sample, OLGA suggests a default case name based on the sample selected and a
number if a case with that name already exists.

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Create the new case by clicking the Create button or by double-clicking on the sample. The new case is
added to the currently open project. If no project is open, a new project is created with the same name as
the case.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Recent
You can access previously opened projects and cases from the Recent page.

Selecting a recent project opens all cases from that project in separate tabs. Selecting a recent case
opens it and adds it to the currently open project, or, if no project is open, creates a default project.

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Tools
The Tools page is accessed from the File menu.

This page gives access to useful utilities that are installed with OLGA. These tools are documented
separately. Other external tools can be added to this page via the Options window.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Extensions
In the Extensions page, you can:

 Install or uninstall OLGA extensions.

 View information about the installed extensions.
 Access the documentation for the extension.
 Disable or enable extensions.

Extensions are installed using the Install button. Click Install to open a new window to select the new
OLGA extension. OLGA extensions are implemented with the file format 'olgaext'.

All installed extensions that are compatible with the given OLGA version are listed in the Extensions
page. By clicking on one of these, the details of the extension become visible, and two buttons appear:
Uninstall and Disable (or Enable, if the extension is already disabled).

Installing or uninstalling an extension makes it available or unavailable for all users on the same computer.
Enabling or disabling affects only the user taking the action. Extensions that are installed by one user
appear as disabled for other users, until each user enables them. Administrator rights are not required to
install or uninstall an extension.

When installing an extension, a security scan is performed based on the signature of the extension.
Unsigned plug-ins and self-signed extensions are identified as such, and you are asked for confirmation
before proceeding with the installation. For certified extensions, the information of the certificate is
displayed, and you are asked for confirmation before proceeding with the installation. This is a security
measure implemented to help ensure that only extensions from trusted sources are installed.

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If you select Restore to Factory settings on the Options page, all installed extensions are disabled.

Different versions of the same extension cannot coexist. The following rules apply:

 When re-installing an extension, even with the same version number, a warning message appears
requiring you to confirm the operation.
 If you decide to proceed, the existing version is removed and replaced with the version being installed.

Any issues related to an extension must be addressed to the developer of the extension.

Note: To enable you to create OLGA Extensions, a Software Development Kit (SDK) is provided. You
can install the OLGA SDK during a custom installation of OLGA, as described in the OLGA Installation
guide. More information on how to create extensions is provided in the SDK.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Help
The Help page is accessed through the File menu.

Help option Description

OLGA Help Opens the general user documentation.

OLGA GUI Help Opens the OLGA GUI documentation

OLGA Sample Cases Opens the OLGA Sample Cases documentation

Well editor Help Opens the well GUI documentation.

Pipeline editor Help Opens the pipeline GUI documentation.

Getting started Opens a video showing some of the steps to build a case in OLGA

Documentation Opens the documentation folder.

folder

Support Center Link to the support center on the Internet. This option requires Internet access.

Send to support Zips the projects with all cases and data files and attaches it to an e-mail
template.

About OLGA Lists the version information.

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Options
The overall simulator settings are specified in the Application options dialog box.

To open the Application options dialog box, on the File menu, click Options.

Settings on the General tab are:

 My Project Location: The default location when saving project files.

 Auto-save project (creates .bak files) each: Select this to auto-save at specified intervals.
 Delete .bat files after batch simulation: Select this for OLGA to delete the generated .bat files after
running a batch simulation.
 Simulation threads: The number of threads to run simultaneously. By default, the number of threads
available is used in an optimal way.
 Restore to Factory Settings: The layout of the GUI windows, the default unit set and similar are
restored.

The external programs that are available from the Tools page can be specified under the External Tools
tab. Some programs are set by default during installation and additional programs, such as Microsoft
Excel, a text-editor, can be specified. Select Add to browse for an external tool to include in this list.

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OLGA GUI user manual

You can use the Default Units tab to select the preferred set of units. You can select units from three
predefined sets (SI, Metric and Oilfield), or you can specify a customized set. The default units affect the
default values in the Property editor and the units of the plotting variables.

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Moving windows
You can hide or re-open windows with the View menu. You can detach them from the frame (floating) or
dock them by moving the window to the border of the frame.

You can drag windows anywhere in the Diagram view. Click in the top bar of a window and drag to
relocate it. If you drag the window to any border in the Diagram view, the window snaps to place by the
border. Click the crosses located in the top bar to minimize and maximize the windows.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Diagram view

When a case is opened or created, the central window of the OLGA GUI displays a graphical view of the
case. The image below shows the OLGA GUI with the Basic case loaded.

The Diagram view displays pipelines, nodes, process equipment and so on. You can add new objects by
dragging from the Components view. The parts of the model that do not have a graphical representation
in the Diagram view, such as boundary conditions and initial conditions, are added through the Model
Browser.

In the Diagram view, nodes and flow lines are drawn schematically, and do not reflect the real geometry of
the case. Sources, pressure boundaries and process equipment are also visible.

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 Rotate labels in the Diagram view

Description

You can rotate the labels you have used in the Diagram view as follows:

1. Mark the relevant label.

A rotation wheel is displayed above the label:

2. Left- or right-click the mouse pointer and drag the wheel in the direction you want to set the label.

Note: You can undo and redo the label editing.

3. Save the case.

Note: The label rotation setting is saved in the case file.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Editing a case using the Diagram view

Flowpaths

Nodes and flowpaths are drawn schematically. All objects shown in the Components view can be dragged
onto the Diagram view. The process equipment must be dropped onto a flowpath to be added to the
Diagram view. By default, the position of the equipment is where it is dropped on the flowpath. If you
define a position for the inline equipment (for example, pipe and section) in the Property editor, the
position adjusts to reflect the real location along the flowpath.

Flowpaths can be created either by dragging the Flowpath component from the Components view, or by
dragging from the middle of a node or from a separator’s inlet or outlets.

To disconnect a flowpath from a node or separator, select the flowpath and drag one of the green ends
away from the node or separator.

You can add fixed points on a flowpath by selecting the flowpath, clicking and holding the left mouse
button, and dragging to where you want to add the fixed point. A fixed point, indicated by a small square,
appears on the flowpath. You can move fixed points to shape the flowpath to improve the layout in the
Diagram view. This does not change the actual geometry of the flowpath.

To remove a fixed point from the flowpath, right-click the point and select Delete segment.

Signal connections

Signal connections are also made by dragging from one object to the connecting object. To disconnect a
signal from an object, select the signal line, and left click and drag one of the green ends away.

You can add fixed points on a signal line by selecting the signal line, clicking and holding the left mouse
button and dragging to where you want to add the fixed point. A fixed point, indicated by a small square,
appears on the signal line. The fixed points can be moved to shape the signal line to improve the layout in
the Diagram view.

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Context menus for the Diagram view
Context menu in the Diagram view

Icon Option Sub-option Description

Arrange diagram Rearranges the graphical layout with mainly horizontal

horizontally flow lines.

Arrange diagram Rearranges the graphical layout with mainly vertical flow
vertically lines.

Fit to page (Ctrl + Zooms in or out to capture the whole graphical network
Q) in the visible part of the Diagram view.

Show grid Makes the grid on the Diagram view visible.

Snap to grid Snaps items to the grid when moving them.

This works even when the grid is not visible.

Network Opens the Network Connections Overview dialog

connections box.

Submodel Opens the Submodel Connections window.

connections

Paste Pastes objects that are copied.

Undo action (Ctrl + You can undo and redo the following actions:
Z)/Redo action (Ctrl  Move and re-size objects
+ Y)  Add objects and keywords
 Delete objects and keywords
 Change keywords
 Change units
 Auto-arrange items
 Paste actions
 Connections
 Text changed in Comment field

You can undo all actions until you start a new operation.
For example, do five actions, undo three of these and
then do a new action. The two remaining actions cannot
now be undone.

Filter Layout Choose to show or hide visual objects.

Use filters (Ctrl Save user-defined filters with this command or use this
+ H) command to refresh settings.

User defined Create user-defined filters.

filter  Choose Add selected to filter (Ctrl + F7) to add all

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OLGA GUI user manual

Icon Option Sub-option Description

selected objects to the user-defined layout filter.

 Choose Add all of selected type to filter (Ctrl +
F8) to add all objects that are the same type as the
selected object to the filter.

Note: Only one object can be selected to access

this item.

 Choose Clear filter to clear the user-defined filter.

All objects are added to the same layout filter, and the
content of the user-defined layout filter is case specific.

Show all Switch off all filters to show all objects.

Signal lines Show or hide all signal lines.

Flow and Show or hide all flow components and process

Process equipment, apart from transmitters.

Instrumentation Show or hide all controllers, signal lines and

transmitters.

Heat transfer Show or hide all heat transfer conditions.

Tuning and Show or hide all tuning, time step control and corrosion
corrosion objects.

Comments Show or hide all comments.

Plots Show or hide all plots and values.

Labels Show or hide all labels.

User defined Show or hide all objects added to a user- defined layout
filter.

Copy as image Copies the Diagram view or plot to the clipboard

depending on what is in focus in the center area.

Select trend Add, edit or remove global output variables.

variables

Select profile Add, edit or remove global output variables.

variables

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Context menu on component in Diagram view

Icon Option Sub-option Description

Copy (Ctrl + C) Copies the selected item. The label consists of the original
label and a suffix and is globally unique.

Paste (Ctrl + V) Pastes the copied item onto the currently selected item.

Delete Deletes the selected object.

Undo action You can undo and redo the following actions:
(Ctrl + Z)/Redo  Move and re-size objects
action (Ctrl +  Add objects and keywords
Y)  Delete objects and keywords
 Change keywords
 Change units
 Auto-arrange items
 Paste actions
 Connections
 Text changed in Comment field

You can undo all actions until you start a new operation. For
example, do five actions, undo three of these and then do a
new action. The two remaining actions cannot now be
undone.

Arrange

Bring forward Brings the selected object forward.

Bring to front Brings the selected object to the front.

Send backward Sends the selected object backward.

Send to back Sends the selected object to the back.

Filter layout Choose to show or hide visual objects.

Use filters (Ctrl Save user-defined filters with this command or use this
+ H) command to refresh settings.

User define filter Create user-defined filters.

 Choose Add selected to filter (Alt + S) to add all
selected objects to the user-defined layout filter.
 Choose Add all of selected type to filter (Alt + A) to add
all objects that are the same type as the selected object to
the filter.

Note: Only one object can be selected to access this

item.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Icon Option Sub-option Description

 Choose Clear filter to clear the user-defined filter.

All objects are added to the same layout filter, and the content
of the user-defined layout filter is case specific.

Show all Switch off all filters to show all objects.

Signal lines Show or hide all signal lines.

Flow and Show or hide all flow components and process equipment,
Process apart from transmitters.

Instrumentation Show or hide all controllers, signal lines and transmitters.

Heat transfer Show or hide all heat transfer conditions.

Tuning and Show or hide all tuning, time step control and corrosion
corrosion objects.

Comments Show or hide all comments.

Plots Show or hide all plots and values.

Labels Show or hide all labels.

User defined Show or hide all objects added to a user- defined layout filter.

Select visible Opens a window for selection of which controller signals

signals should be shown graphically (only available for controllers).

Set colour This command is only available for flowpaths.

Edit colours You can use different colours on flowpaths. This is useful if
you want to visualize separate flowing streams. Select the

colours you want to use and click the plus ( ) symbol. You
can also type in the RGB value instead of selecting a colour.
Enter a unique name for the colour you selected.

Show legend View the colours used on the flowpath canvas.

The selected colours are saved in the case file and in the
central settings file and can be used for other cases.

Select trend Add, edit or remove output variables for the selected
variables component and for profile variables for a flowpath which is a
component in the Diagram view.

Select profile Add, edit or remove output variables for the selected
variables component and for profile variables for a flowpath which is a
component in the Diagram view.

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Icon Option Sub-option Description

Right angled This command is only available for flowpaths. Select Right
angled from the toolbar to:
 Change all flowpaths and signal lines from slanted lines to
right angles.
 Set the default mode. Select Right angle to use this on all
new flowpaths and signal lines.

Select Right angles from the context menu to:

 Change selected flowpaths and signal lines from slanted
lines to right angles.

Straight line Use straight lines on flowpaths and signal lines.

Distribute This command is only available for flowpaths. Distributes the

inline inline equipment equally on a flowpath. If you re-select this
equipment item, the equipment is moved back to its original position.
evenly

Local Shows all local instances of the selected object in an editor

instances table (for example, all valves on one flowpath).

Global Shows all instances within the case of the selected object in
instances an editor table.

Add to user’s Adds selected keyword(s) to the user’s library.

library

Import from Imports from the available keywords/components from the

user’s library user’s library.

Properties Starts the property editor for the selected object. For a
flowpath this would be the Flowpath geometry data view.

Open in Editor Opens the Well editor if the flowpath is created via the Well
editor. If the flowpath is created via the Diagram view, the
Pipeline editor opens.

Edit label Enter user defined text for the object label.

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Network Connections Overview

The connection of flowlines and nodes can also be done through the Network Connections Overview
dialog box. The Network Connections Overview dialog box can be accessed through the Case toolbar,
or by right-clicking on the Diagram view and selecting Network connections. Select the From Node and
To Node for each flowpath and click OK. The network appears as specified.

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Configuration of separator/phase split nodes
The multi-phase coupling of a separator is similar to the coupling between a node and a flowpath. The
coupling of a phase split node works again in a similar way to the separator.

First, add a node and a separator to the case from the Components view.

Then connect the flowline from the node to the separator as follows:

1. Select the node and drag to the separator.

2. Release on the separator’s inlet terminal.

3. Click on the outlet terminals of the separator one at the time (gas, water and oil) and drag.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Configuration of controller connections

All out-signals must be transmitted through a transmitter in OLGA. This means that if, for example, the
liquid level from a separator is required as input to a controller, a transmitter must be added to the
separator first. The only exceptions are controllers, which can also operate as transmitters.

The variable required from the separator must be specified as a property (key) on the transmitter.

Coupling of signal components is possible with two different techniques in the graphical user interface:

 Coupling with drag and drop.

 Coupling through the connection view (see Connections view).

Drag and drop coupling

The drag and drop coupling between two signal components is done in the same way as between two
multiphase network components:

1. Hover over the component from which the output signal is taken. Click one of the component's
connection points (green circles) and drag it towards another component in the network.

Green circles that appear when dragging over a component are the available connection points for the
other component.

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2. Release on any of the second component’s connection points (usually the closest connection point to
make the signal line as short as possible). A dialog box appears with all available in and out signals.
Select the signals that you want to connect and click OK.

A signal connection is made between the two components.

In the figures shown, the out signal (equal to the variable listed for the transmitter at its position) from
a transmitter is connected to a PID controller's measured input signal.

Click on a signal line to see which signals are connected. Double-click on a signal line to see the dialog
box for selecting terminals (signals). You can change the terminal or move the signal line from one
connection point to another.

Note: This is only for tidying your case. The selected connection point does not decide which terminals
are connected.

All valid output and input signals are, by default, displayed for all components. Some components have
many input and output signals, which you can filter, using the Select visible signals option on the context
menu. In the Define visible signal names for controllers window (see image below), you can configure
which signals are accessible/visible in the Diagram view for each type of controller. The configuration is
saved with the case. You can configure both the input signals and the output signals. By default, all signals
are available.

Select which signals to configure: In Signals or Out Signals. Then, select the type of controller if the
selected one is not the correct one. A selected check box indicates that the signal is available when
connecting in the Diagram view.

Note: All connected signals are visible in the Diagram view, independent of the check marks.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Add connections to other controller tunable components

You can add connections to HEATTRANSFER, TUNING, DTCONTROL and CORROSION. To edit the
number of visible terminals you want to display in the Diagram view:

1. Right-click the relevant keyword.

2. From the context menu, select Select visible signals.
3. Select the check boxes for the terminals you want to display in the Diagram view.

The terminals you select apply to all HEATTRANSFER, TUNING, DTCONTROL or CORROSION
nodes in your case, and are stored when you save the case.

Note: You can only have only one CORROSION item for each flowpath.

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Illustration

Below is an illustration of a user dragging a new connection from the manual controller to CORROSION.
The connection points appear when the mouse is close to the component. The Select Terminals dialog
box is displayed when a connection point is selected.

Control the keys to HEATTRANSFER

You can use an OLGA controller for the following keys for the HEATTRANSFER keyword, unless set to
Not used in the Model Browser:

TAMBIENT, INTAMBIENT, OUTTAMBIENT, HMININNERWALL, INHAMBIENT, OUTHAMBIENT,

HAMBIENT

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Shortcut keys
Below is a list of some shortcut keys. For more information about shortcut keys, see Case toolbar.

Shortcut Description

Mouse wheel Zoom in or out in the Diagram view.

Ctrl +/Ctrl - Zoom in or out in the Diagram view.

Ctrl + 0 Returns to the zoomed-out view.

Ctrl + A Selects all the items in the Diagram view.

Delete Deletes the selected objects.

Shift + left drag Pans

Ctrl + left click/drag Multi-select items

Click mouse wheel + drag Pans

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Model Browser
The Model view, File view and Property editor windows appear in the Model Browser when you double-
click a component in the Diagram view.

You can also open the Model Browser:

 From the View menu in the upper right corner of the Diagram view. Select File View or Model
Browser.
 Using the shortcut keys: Ctrl + 1, Ctrl + 2, Ctrl + 5, Ctrl + Enter, or Ctrl + Space.

The Model Browser is used to navigate between the objects of the system. The objects are ordered
hierarchically, with a project on top comprising one or more cases. A case contains Case Definitions,
Libraries, Output and Network Components.

The Model Browser lists all objects in the case, whereas the Diagram view shows only the visual objects.
Non-visual objects (for instance case options) are not shown in the Diagram view but are listed in the
Model Browser.

 Case Definitions: describes information common to the whole system being simulated.
 Network Components: describes the properties of the flow network (currently either a node or a flow
path).
 Libraries: contain keywords that can be accessed globally (for instance Material and Wall).
 Output: contains global output definitions, such as plotting intervals for trend, profile and output.
 FA-models: contains input to flow assurance models.
 Compositional: has input to the compositional model.
 Thermal Components: contains input to the FEMTherm and bundle models and input to annulus
calculations.

When you select an object in the Model Browser, the object is made active and its properties can be
edited in the Properties view.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

The Model Browser contains input for all cases in the project. You can switch between the different cases
by clicking on the file name in the Model Browser.

Right-click while pointing to an object in the Model Browser to bring up various menus, depending on the
object:

Menu item Description

Add Add items to the network object.

Verify Checks the input file, and reports errors and missing input in the Output view.

Copy Copies the selected item.

Paste Pastes the copied item onto the currently selected item.

Duplicate to all Duplicates the selected object to all objects of the same type as the parent object.

Delete Deletes the selected object.

Local Instances Shows all local instances of the selected object in an editor table (for example, all
valves on one flowpath).

Global Instances Shows all instances within the case of the selected object in an editor table.

Add to user’s library Adds the selected keywords to the user’s library.

Import from user’s Imports from the available keywords/components from the user’s library.
library

Properties Starts the Property editor for the selected object. For a flowpath, this is the
Flowpath geometry data view.

Search

You can search for objects in your model by entering search criteria in the Search box above the
hierarchical view.

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The search options work as follows:

 Ignore case: The search does not consider upper or lower case.
 Whole word only: The search only returns objects that match the entire search string.
 Include keyword type: The search returns objects with keyword types that match the search string
(such as VALVE and NODE).
 Include keyword label: The search returns objects with names (label) that match the search string.
 Include key name: The search returns objects with keys (properties) that have names that match the
search string.
 Include key value: The search returns objects with keys (properties) that have values that match the
search string

If you enter a search string that is too general, the search might return a lot of items. In such cases, the
resulting list shows approximately 100 items. If the item you are looking for is not in the list, you must type
a more specific search string, or change the search options, to find the item you are looking for. If the
search is too general, you will see a red exclamation with a tooltip as follows.

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Adding variables

To add variables, do the following:

1. Click in the VARIABLE field in the Property editor and then the box.
2. Select variables from the window displayed.

The variables can be sorted:

 Alphabetically (by name or description).

 By category.
 Those already selected (select the check box).

The units for plotting variables can be changed when actually plotting.

You can also specify a label for the variable selection and save it. You can then reuse these variables at
multiple positions.

By clicking OK in the relevant variable selection window, all selected variables appear in the Property
editor:

Click OK to close the window and return focus to the Property editor. Enter the pipe selection again and
complete the specification by giving the sections.

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Time series editor

You can edit input keys with time series in a time series editor. You can access the time series editor by
clicking the Timeseries button for the relevant keyword in the Property editor.

If there are several independent time-varying parameters within one keyword, you can display the graph of
these by selecting them in the graph legend (which shows the minimum necessary input parameters).

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Custom windows

Special editors are available for editing initial conditions and heat transfer statements. The input is
displayed graphically together with the data.

An example of an initial condition is shown in some detail below. An example of a heat transfer
specification is also given.

Initial conditions

You can access the custom window for initial conditions through the property editor button on the
INITIALCONDITION statement.

Note: You can access this custom window only if only one initial conditions statement (keyword) exists.

You can only use this custom window when entering data section-wise. However, by selecting cells in a
spread sheet and right-clicking, a number of interpolation options are available to help input the necessary
data. Also, if incomplete data is given it is completed automatically when you exit the editor.

To activate the custom window, click the Property page button at the top of the Property editor:

Heat transfer

You can access the custom window for heat transfer through the Property page button on the
HEATTRANSFER statement.

Note: This custom window can be accessed only if only one heat transfer statement (keyword) exists.

You can use this custom window only when entering data section-wise. However, by selecting cells in the
spreadsheet and right-clicking, a number of interpolation options are available to help input the necessary
data. Also, if incomplete data is given it is completed automatically when you exit the editor.

The heat transfer properties can be as shown below:

Click the Property page button to view the heat transfer properties custom window.

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Centrifugal pump

Pump curves are required input for the centrifugal pump. To help you with the input, the pump curves,
together with some key parameters, can be specified in a custom window. You can access this in one of
the following ways:

 Double-click the centrifugal pump in the Diagram view.

 Right-click the centrifugal pump, and select Properties from the context menu.
 Select the centrifugal pump and press the Property page button in the Property editor.

The following window appears:

First, choose the centrifugal pump phase mode.

 If phase mode = Liquid (single phase) you can select One speed per curve.

This means that the only single phase curve is used in the simulation and the multiplier for two-phase
is ignored.

There are two scenarios for curve input:

Curve input Description

Single curve This scenario is straightforward. The best efficiency point is used as rated values for
the centrifugal pump.

Multiple speeds This scenario is straight forward if the input data follow the pump laws. If the data
and one speed deviate from the pump laws, the generated pump curves become 'bumpy', and might
per curve be difficult to use in simulation. An option to generate multiple homologous curves,
which are be interpolated in speed, is therefore added.

 If phase mode = two (Two-phase), the input data is one curve per GVF (gas volume fraction). The
options available are:
 Calc multipliers: generates single phase curves from input with GVF = 0.
 Calc multipliers and degraded head: generates single phase curves from input with GVF = 0.
Generates degraded head curves from the input with the largest GVF.
 Interpolation in gas volume fraction: generates one 'single phase' curve per GVF, and
interpolate the curves using actual GVF.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Second, specify the rated values or chose the option to auto generate them. The auto generate option can
be used if rated data is not available.

Next, click Add in the Pump curves frame to enter the pump curve data. First, enter the Gas Volume
Fraction and Density.

Note: The gas volume fraction needs to be 0 if phase mode = liquid (single phase – no gas present).

Then, choose which type of input data the pump curves should be specified in (Head or Delta pressure,
and Efficiency, Power or Torque), and then enter the data. At least three data sets must be entered.
When this is done, you can add more pump curves.

Note: Only the pump curves with a check mark are used for the selected centrifugal pump.

The centrifugal pump curve is a keyword named CENTPUMPCURVE, located on the library level. Several
pump curves can exist. One pump curve can be used by several centrifugal pumps or not used at all.

The Update plot button in the Pump curves plots frame to the right is enabled when enough information
is given. The conversion of centrifugal pump curves to homologous curves is then performed. These
curves are only for information; this is the input that will be used for the OLGA simulation. Several plots are
shown:

 Single phase Head: two or more static curves.

 Single phase Torque: two or more static curves.
 Two Phase Head: two or more static curves.
 Two Phase Multipliers: two or more static curves.
 Head vs Volume flow: one static curve per centrifugal pump curve.
 Torque vs Volume flow: one static curve per centrifugal pump curve.

Note: The pump curves data can contain large errors that might give the curves a strange form. To
avoid bad data, plot the input curves and the generated homologous curves to adjust the input data.

Navigating in the pump curve grid

In the pump curve grid, use the Tab key to move from left to right, and use the Enter key to move from top
to bottom.

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File view
You open the File view by clicking the File View option in the View menu. The File view shows the files
associated with the project. This is typically the input file, as well as PVT files and other files used in the
case. However, you can add any type of file to the project (such as Microsoft Word files and Microsoft
Excel files).

You can right-click a file to remove it or to open the input file in a text editor. You can edit the text file, and
then reload it into the OLGA GUI by right-clicking the .opi file and selecting Reload from text file.

Note: The graphical layout is recreated on reload from a text file, as the text file does not contain any
information about the layout. This information is stored in the .opi file.

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Components view
The Components view contains a library of objects that can be used to build the case. You can drag
simulation objects from the Components view onto the Diagram view. You can hide the Components
view with the cross located in the upper right corner of the window. You can hide the labels to condense
the list to minimize scrolling.

Alternatively, you can use the Search for components box to filter the content of Components view. As
you type the name of the component you are looking for, the Components view updates to show only
those components that match your search criteria.

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The view is divided into several groups:

Group Description

Nodes and node type Boundary nodes and node-type equipment, such as separator and
equipment phase split node.

Flowpaths Flowpaths of different shapes.

Valves All types of valves supported by OLGA.

Compressors and pumps All types of pumps and compressors.

Other equipment Loss, pig and heat exchanger.

Boundary conditions Inflow and outflow components, such as different types of sources and
leaks.

Transmitter and controllers All types of controllers in addition to the transmitter.

Results and comments Interactive plots, values and comments.

Controller tunable objects Tuning, time step control, corrosion, heat transfer, and shut-in.

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Case overview
The case Overview window is used to help with orientation in the Diagram view for larger network cases.
The white frame shows what is visible in the Diagram view. The size of the frame is dependent on the
zoom level. You can move the visible area by clicking and dragging (left mouse button) the white area.

You can zoom in and out of the Diagram view via the Overview window. Draw a rectangle in the
Overview window to zoom to that area in the Diagram view. Panning the same rectangle in the Overview
window pans the Diagram view.

If the case Overview window is not visible, you can open it from the View menu, in the upper right corner,
or to the right of the zoom buttons in the lower right corner.

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 Flowpath geometry data view
Use the Flowpath geometry data view to visualize, inspect and edit a flowpath.

To open the Flowpath geometry data view, double-click a flowpath in the Diagram view or select
Properties from the context menu. You can also open this view via the Property page button in the
Model Browser. The Flowpath geometry data is always updated with the data from the flowpath in
OLGA.

Reverse geometry

Click Reverse geometry to reverse the geometry. All units default to the unit you have set on the Default
Units tab in the Options window. The reverse functionality varies with how the geometry is given:

Length/Elevation

The Reverse geometry button reverses the pipes and flips the elevation. In the example below, you can
see in the table that the sequence of the pipes is changed. You can reset the pipe labels. The elevation for
each pipe is changed from positive to negative and vice versa.

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XYZ

The Reverse geometry reverses the pipes and adjusts the XYZ coordinates. The start points become the
end points. In an XY plot, this can be illustrated as follows:

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The plot in the Flowpath geometry data view is a horizontal distance and elevation plot that always starts
with zero. The XYZ geometry illustrated above is displays as follows in the Flowpath geometry data
view:

This is how it is displayed when the data is reversed:

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Mixed geometry

If the geometry is specified with a mix of Length/Elevation and XYZ, then the reverse functionality first
calculates the complete XYZ geometry. The length direction is x. Then the XYZ geometry is reversed. A
Length/Elevation geometry with the geometry keys XStart, YStart and ZStart different from zero is treated
as a mixed geometry.

Section lengths

If the section lengths are specified in a list, the list is reversed.

Reset pipe labels

Click this button to change all the labels of the pipes. The pipes are labelled Pipe-1, Pipe-2, …, Pipe-n.
This is useful if you have used the reverse geometry function.

Discretize geometry

Click this button to fill in automatically the section lengths of all pipes.

Note: Any existing sections are overwritten.

The discretization algorithm takes two parameters as input: Minimum number of sections per pipe and
Maximum section length. The algorithm gives all pipes the same selected number of sections. The
algorithm also tries to make sure that two adjacent sections do not have a length ratio higher than 1:2 (that
is, one section is less than double the length of any adjacent sections).

Open in editor

Click the Open in editor button to open the Well editor if the flowpath is created via this editor. If the
flowpath is created via the Diagram view, the Pipeline editor opens.

Note: This option is also available via the context menu in the Diagram view.

Import .geo file

Click this button to import data from a .geo file.

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Plot toolbar

A toolbar is available on the right side of the Flowpath geometry data view plot. The following options are
available:

 Zoom: You can zoom in the plot by highlighting parts of the flowpath. To return to the initial view, click
this button.
 Toggle pipe boundaries: Click this button to show or hide pipes in the Flowpath plot.
 Toggle section boundaries: Click this button to show or hide sections in the Flowpath plot.
 Toggle section length ratios: Click this button to show or hide the section length ratio in the Flowpath
plot. The length ratio of each pipe section to its previous section is displayed. The recommended ratio
range between 0.5 and 2 is highlighted in the plot.
 Toggle pipe walls: Click this button to show or hide pipe walls in the Flowpath plot.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Output view
The Output view (not to be confused with the OUTPUT keyword/OUTPUT file) gives information about the
state of the cases, modeling and simulations. The information is divided into three categories: Error,
Warning and Info.

Error messages (and task list)

The simulation cannot be performed. This symbol is displayed:

Errors can be caused by:

 Errors in input.
 Errors from initialization phase.
 Errors during simulation.
 List of incomplete keywords.

Click on the symbol to go to the incomplete keyword.

Warnings

The simulation can still be performed. This symbol is displayed:

Information ( ) is given regarding:

 Simulator state changes.

 Progress during simulation.
 Any messages during simulation (info previously directed to the DOS window).

The windows can be cleared from the context menu (right-click).

Copy text

To copy text, mark the text and then right click and select Copy.

Active Output categories, located in the upper left of the Output view, are indicated by an orange
background color. A left mouse click on the text activates or deactivates the category.

By default, the output from the active case is shown. You can select output from other cases from the list
at the top of the Output view.

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Connections view
The Connections view gives information about the signal connections between transmitters, controllers,
process equipment and boundary conditions.

There are two modes: Display case and Display current object.

Display case shows all signal connections for the case. Display current object shows only the signal
connections for the object selected on the Diagram view.

The example below shows that a PID controller’s output signal (CONTR) is connected to VALVE-1’s input
signal (VALVESIG). The VALVESIG for a valve is the same as the valve opening. The transmitter’s (TM-1)
output signal (which depends on the variable specified for the transmitter, for example, pressure) is
connected to the PID controller’s measured input signal (MEASRD).

You can view the direction of the signal connection on the Display current object tab to get a quick
overview of all signals and their impact on the model parts. Inbound signal connections are colored orange
while outbound signal connections are colored blue.

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Timeline view
The Timeline view gives a graphical view of all the time-dependent properties (events) in a model. An
example of a time-dependent property is the mass-flow key for a mass source. The value for this key can
be given as a comma-separated list. The number of items in this list must be equal to the number of values
given for the time key in the same mass source. Each of the values for mass source are set in the model at
the respective time-value.

Use the Timeline view to get an overview of dynamic aspects in the simulation.

To activate the Timeline view, select Timeline view from the Tools list in the toolbar.

This brings up the Timeline view as a separate tab in the OLGA GUI as the figure below shows.

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 Time dependent properties can be either step changes or ramp changes. A step change is an
instantaneous change and is represented by a green diamond. You must select it or hover the mouse over
it to see the values before and after the change. A ramp change has a duration. A red bar represents the
ramp change and the length of the bar corresponds to the duration of the change. The text above the bar
states the start and end value. When you click on an event, the event is shown in blue and the lower part
of the view shows details about the event. Selecting an event in the Timeline view also selects the related
component in the Diagram view and in the Model Browser. Therefore, the Timeline view can be used to
navigate to the time dependent properties of your model. Any changes that you do in the model are
automatically updated in the Timeline view.

Start and end time are special events that are represented by yellow diamonds.

Note: If an event is defined to happen before the start time, or after the end time, it is still shown in the
Timeline view.

A summary of how the different types of events are visualized is given here:

Step changes.

Ramp ups and ramp downs.

Start and end time.

A selected event.

In the lower part of the Timeline view there is an overview of all time dependent properties in the model. In
the overview, the ramp changes are represented by red squares instead of red bars. You can use the
overview to zoom in on parts of the timeline. When you have zoomed in you can use the scrollbar to pan in
the Timeline view. Double-click on the scrollbar to zoom out to see the entire timeline.

Filter the content of the view

If there are many events in the Timeline view, you can filter the content by using the fields on top of the
view. You can enter search criteria for keyword type or keyword name. For example, you can type
'SOURCE' to only see the events for SOURCE keywords. You can also enter search criteria for the labels
of the components. For example, you can enter 'SRC-' to only see the events for components that has a
label starting with 'SRC-'.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Undocking the timeline view

The Timeline view can be undocked from the OLGA GUI so it does not overlap the Diagram view or any
other part of the OLGA GUI. To do this, simply click in the tab and drag the view. It can for instance be
dragged to a separate screen so you can view it side by side with the Diagram view or a plot.

Limitations

 The keyword TIMESERIES is not shown in the Timeline view.

 INSERTTIME on PIG is not shown in the Timeline view.
 For restart simulations, if STARTTIME is read from the restart file, it is not shown.

Simulation
You can run a simulation in several ways.

Run interactive

Click Run interactive if you want to open and view output results while running. You can pause and
continue an interactive simulation.

Note: If you use the Step functionality in interactive simulations, the OLGA time steps override the Step
functionality settings.

Run Batch

Click Run Batch to start the simulation in the background. This opens a command prompt showing output
and progress. A batch simulation runs in a separate process from the OLGA GUI, so that you can close
the OLGA GUI without disrupting the simulation. All open cases are saved when you click this button.

Run Project and Run Project Batch

If the project contains more than one case, there are two options: Run Project and Run Project Batch.
These options are available in the Project menu, located in the upper right corner, and run all cases in the
current project in sequence. You can specify the sequence by setting the project dependencies.

You can access Project Dependencies:

 From the Project menu

 By right-clicking the project in the Model Browser.

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Set dependencies in the window to obtain the wanted simulation order.

Reports
A case report is generated and viewed in the default web browser from Report on the Case toolbar. The
menu system in the report uses JavaScript, which can trigger a security warning from the web browser.
Allow the blocked content to activate the menus in the report.

Use the buttons at the top to go to specific sections in the report or select Printer friendly version to
remove the menu system.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Plots
You can view several types of plots in OLGA.

 Trend plots
 Profile plots
 Fluid plots
 3D plots
 Velocity profiles
 Interactive plots
 OLGA viewer

Common behavior in trend, profile and fluid plots

Adding notes on the plot

Add a descriptive note to the plot by selecting Edit > Add Note from the context menu. Enter text in the
Add Note window and attach it to the case to one of the series in the graph.

Change or delete the note by right-clicking it and selecting Edit and then Edit Note from the context menu.
You can toggle notes on and off with the Notes button on the toolbar.

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Use of the plotting context menu

The plotting tool is a sophisticated program and provides access to several functions for modifying graphs.
Most functionality is accessed through the context menu (right-click on the plot to bring up the context
menu).

File menu

Save As Image

Displays a window for saving the current plot to an image file.

Print Setup

Displays a window for modifying print settings, such as portrait or landscape, margins, and so on.

Edit menu

Select

This option is used to add and remove plot variables. You can also bring up this window using the Select
button in the toolbar.

Copy

There are two options: you can copy the underlying data for the plot (to clipboard) or copy the current
graph as an image (to clipboard). You can adjust the size of the plot so that all copied images get the
same size (this can be useful when copying several plots into a report).

Note(s)

You can add a descriptive note to the plot by selecting Edit > Add Note from the context menu. The
window enables you to enter text and attach it to the case to one of the series in the graph.

Min/max values

You can adjust the minimum and maximum values on the axis to zoom in on a subset of the graph. By
default, the minimum and maximum values are reset when the plot file is reloaded. You can, however, turn
this off.

Series

This option brings up the Edit series properties dialog box below, which enables you to change to the title
used for the series, and change the color and line style for the series.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Legend

This option brings up the Edit legend properties dialog box below, which enables you to set the font, font-
size and position of the legends.

Axis

This option brings up the Edit axis properties dialog box below, which enable you to edit the name of the
axis, the format on the numbering, the position (top/bottom or left/right) and the color of the axis.

Note: For collapsed axis, only the position can be edited (the other options are disabled for collapsed
axis).

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 Titles

This option brings up the Edit titles properties dialog box below, which enables you to edit the header
and footer. You can also set the visibility of the header and/or footer.

View menu

Black/White

Collapse Axes

If two variables use the same unit, the axes for these variables are collapsed by default. Use this option to
switch between collapsed axes and individual axes for each variable.

Legend

Use this option to hide/show the plot legends.

Track Values

Use this option to see the numerical values used as basis for the plot.

Notes

Use this option to hide or show notes added to the plot (see Edit > Notes above).

Plot templates

If the same plot is to be generated several times, you can save the plot configuration as a plot template. A
plot template includes information about the selected variables, sequence of selected variables, colors,
units and more. Plot templates are convenient when running the same case several times or when several
nearly identical cases exist (for example, restart cases).

To create a plot template, first configure the plot, and then select File > Save As Template, located on the
context menu. The template is stored as a .tpl.tz/.ppl.tz file in the location specified.

To use a plot template, click on the arrow on the right side of the profile/trend plotting buttons.

Select template from the list with recent templates or select Browse to locate a template not in the list.

You can also open a plot template from within the plot (File > Open Template).

Note: A plot template overwrites the current plot when opened this way.

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Export/import data to/from MS Excel

Export data

In the Select variable window, mark the variables to export and then click the Export button. If required,
select export data to clipboard or to file. If exporting to file, a location and file name must be specified. You
can open the file in any text editor. If exporting to clipboard, the marked variable data is now copied to the
clipboard and can easily be pasted into MS Excel. Some examples are shown below.

Paste from Excel

Select data columns in and select copy. In the Plot window, right- click and select Dataset > Paste.

Multi-case plotting

You can plot results from several cases/projects simultaneously. For example, data from all the cases in a
project can be plotted (use the Plot Project button in the Select variables window). Several results files
can also be opened via the Tools > Plot menu, select several files, either trend (.tlp) or profile (.plt) or
within the plot tool itself by adding files, see below.

Note: For profile plots where different plotting intervals have been used in the different files, the profile
closest to the selected time is used and no interpolation is currently applied.

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Trend plots

Trend plots are variables varying with time, for example, how the pressure varies with time at a given
location. There are many different trend variables. A list of the different trend variables is given in the
variable section.

A trend variable must be added to the case before the simulation is started to be able to plot it afterwards.
Trend variables can be added at the case level and at the flow component level through the keyword
TRENDDATA. In the trend data statement, you must select a variable and then a position, for example,
VARIABLE = PT (pressure) and position given, for example, by ABPSPOSITION = 100 m. You can read
more about the TRENDDATA in the Keywords section.

The plotting frequency is given through the keyword TREND on case level. All trend variables use the
same plotting frequency.

Note: The plotting frequency can never be lower than the time step of the OLGA simulation.

After the simulation is run, select trend plot from the button in the Case toolbar. This gives the Select
variables window below. Select the variables to plot. Double-click on the selection or right-click and
choose one of the options displayed. Click OK to see the graph.

There are many ways to filter the content of the window above.

Note: Filtering is a tool for locating the variables. The selected variables are plotted even if they are
‘filtered away’.

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Slug statistics

You can plot slug statistics using the plots. This is done by adding the plot variables LSLEXP (slug length)
and LSBEXP (bubble length) to the trend data. Based on these plot variables two synthetic variables are
calculated; LSLEXP_STAT and LSBEXP_STAT. By plotting these variables, a bar chart is created that
shows the distribution of slugs/bubbles that have a duration which is a multiplicity of the given slug duration
interval.

The slug duration interval and calculation time span can be changed using the Slug Statistic Options
window below.

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Surge Volume

The plot calculates and plots the surge volume if the plot variable ACCLIQ is included (accumulated liquid
volume flow) as a plot variable in the trend data. The surge volume variables can be plotted as surge liquid
volume (SURGELIQ), surge oil volume (SURGEOIQ) and surge water volume (SURGEWAQ).

The default calculation interval is from the simulation start to the end time. Default Qmax is given as:

(ACCLIQ@endtime - ACCLIQ@starttime)/(Endtime-starttime)

Start time, end time and Qdrain can be changed in the Surge Volume Options window (see below). Setting
empty values in an option field causes default values to be used for this field, that is, an empty value in
end time cause last simulation time step to be used as end time.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Profile plots

Profile plots are variables plotted along a distance (flowpath). There are many different profile variables. A
list of the different profile variables is given in the variable section.

A profile variable must be added to the case before the simulation is started to be able to plot it afterwards.
Profile variables can be added on case level and on flow component level through the keyword
PROFILEDATA. In the profile data statement, you must select a variable, for example, VARIABLE = PT
(pressure). You can read more about the PROFILEDATA in the Keywords section.

The plotting frequency is given through the keyword PROFILE on case level. All profile variables use the
same plotting frequency.

Note: The plotting frequency can never be lower than the time step of the OLGA simulation.

To view the profile plot, select the profile button on the Case toolbar and then select the variables to plot:

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You can 'play-back' the profile plot, either by dragging the slide or by clicking play. You can also use the
keyboard arrows to navigate. In the profile plot integrated in the case tabs, use the Ctrl key with the right
and left arrows.

You can also freeze a curve by clicking the nail button. Each time the button is clicked, a curve is
stored. To 'un-freeze' a curve, disable the nail . Play-back is stopped by clicking stop. Several profiles
can be played back simultaneously; however, the speed depends on the capabilities of the PC.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Fluid plots
The plot-tool can be used to plot fluid-properties. Select Fluid Plot from the Case toolbar and then open a
fluid-properties file (.tab). Select the variables to plot and press OK.

The freeze-function as for profile plots can be used. Click the nail and then the play button. Clicking the
nail multiple times enables the freezing of more curves.

The default x-axis is temperature. You can change it by moving the column header fields in the right-hand
side window to locate the X-Axis field (which is in the rightmost position by default) and select Pressure
instead of Temperature (see figure below).

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3D Plots

The 3D plot shows the holdup for liquid along a single flowpath (pipeline length) in a three-dimensional
view. The plot is activated by defining the keyword ANIMATE at the case level:

Only the plotting frequency must be specified.

After the case is run, click 3D plot in the Case toolbar to open a separate tab with the holdup view. This
tab can be undocked and docked.

Note: The area between the slug tail and the slug front (the slug body) is colored red in the 3D plot
when slugging occurs and slug tracking is activated.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

3D plot toolbar

Tool Description

Reset view Reset the x-y ratio and diameter sliders and fit the plot to the page.

Fit to page Fits the plot to the page.

Point view Toggles the point view.

Pan view Toggles the Pan view (Shift + drag)

Rotate view Toggles the Rotate view (Ctrl + drag)

Zoom view Toggles the Zoom view (mouse wheel)

Velocity Select a position to plot velocity profile (mouse click)

profile

X/Y ratio Use this slider to change the ratio between the x-axis and y-axis. The default value is set
up automatically by the 3D Plot view. You can also enter the ratio directly in the input field
next to the slider. The range for the slider is 0.01-100 (1:100-100:1).

Diameter Use this slider to scale the relative size of a pipe diameter. The X/Y ratio is not affected by
the changes you make here.
Flowpath sections can overlap if you adjust the X/Y ratio or Diameter settings. Click
Reset view to return to the original settings.

Show 3- Select this check box to visualize all three phases in the 3D Plot view. Water is colored
phase blue and oil is colored brown. Gas is not colored. If you clear this check box, the flow is
visualized in two phases.

Uniform Select this check box to use one single diameter for all pipes. The actual pipe diameter is
diameter not used.

Show slugs Select this check box to visualize slugs in the 3D Plot view.
Slug data must be available for this check box to be available.

Show Select this check box to display the colors of the phases in the flow in the Diagram view.
legend If slugs are visualized, the legend also displays the slug color.

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Context menu

Menu item Description

Select Branch Presents a list of all branches.

Display Options Toggles the title or the toolbar for the plot. Select Smoothing to visualize any holdup
with smooth edges. If you clear this check box, the holdups are discretizised.

Load Layout Opens the Open dialog box to specify a saved layout.
from File

Save Layout to Opens the Save as dialog box to save the layout.
File

Add Plot Option to add a plot above/below /right/left of the selected plot.

Remove Plot Deletes the selected plot.

Copy Options to copy image/data.

Layout Options to maximize, minimize and flip.

Save As Video Exports a video file of simulations run in the 3D viewer.

Clip (.avi) The exported file uses your speed settings for the simulation.

View Select type of plot: post processed or not.

Time slider

Use the time slider located in the lower part of the 3D Plot view to control the 3D playback. Drag the time
slider to a specific time in the animation, or click the various buttons to start, stop and pause the animation.
You can also set the speed with the Realtime list on the right side of the slider.

Note: The time slider is only displayed when interactive profile plots or 3D plots are present in the
custom plot.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Velocity Profiles

The velocity profile shows the distribution of velocity values across the pipe section. The plot for velocity
profile is activated by defining both the keyword ANIMATE at the case level and the keyword
ANIMATETRENDDATA at the flowpath level:

Only the position(s) must be specified.

When running the OLGA HD stratified flow model, the plots provide an insight into the variation of the
velocity over the pipe cross section. Using the OLGA flow model in stratified flow and for flow regimes
other than stratified, only bulk velocities are displayed for each flow layer. Slug flow is, for simplicity, shown
as either stratified or annular flow, depending on inclination angle. The bulk velocities are given by the
average value from the slug body and the slug bubble.

Note: The current version of OLGA HD flow model does not support the velocity profile for single-phase
flow. A message is shown if you try to plot velocity profile for single-phase HD flow. The standard OLGA
flow model does not have this limitation.

Velocity profiles are plotted inside 3D plots. Run the case, click 3D Plot on the Case toolbar, and

then click Velocity profile in the 3D plot toolbar. The 3D plot shows the pipeline positions where you
can add a velocity profile:

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 Click the pipeline position where you want to generate a velocity profile plot and then, on the dock
indicator, click an arrow to define where you want to dock the velocity profile in the 3D Plot tab. The flow
regime is given in the text above the plot.

You can select different positions for adding multiple velocity profile plots, where the position is highlighted
in the same color as the bounding box of the corresponding velocity profile plot:

Velocity profile toolbar

Tool Description

Save picture to file Save the picture of velocity profile to a file.

Copy data to clipboard Copy the average and centerline velocity values to the clipboard.

Pan view Toggle the Pan view (Shift + drag)

Rotate view Toggle the Rotate view (Ctrl + drag)

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Tool Description

Zoom view Toggle the Zoom view (Mouse wheel)

Pick velocity value Toggle the display of the velocity value at mouse cursor point (Mouse move)

Y-Z view Show the average velocity profile along the vertical axis of pipe section.

X-Y view Show the cross-section view of velocity profile.

3D view Show 3D view of velocity profile.

Options Show the Options dialog box.

Options dialog box

Menu item Description

BackColor Set the background color.

Gas Toggle the display of gas. You can also set the
color for gas.

Oil Toggle the display of oil. You can also set the color
for oil.

Water Toggle the display of water. You can also set the
color for water.

Mesh Toggle the display of mesh. You can also set the
color for mesh.

Axis Toggle the display of axis. You can also set the
color for axis.

Label Toggle the display of label. You can also set the
color for label.

Centerline Toggle the display of the centerline.

Average velocity Toggle the display of the average velocity line.

Smooth normal Toggle the smooth normal shading.

Color scale Toggle the display of color scale. You can also set
the colors for color scale.

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Context menu

Menu item Description

Refresh velocity profile plots Refresh all velocity profile plots contained in the same 3D plot.

Close velocity profile plots Close all velocity profile plots contained in the same 3D plot.

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Interactive trend and profile plots

Interactive plots enable you to view a parameter while simulating. The data in the plot updates
automatically.

You must define trend and profile variables through the SERVERDATA statement to be able to view these
variables in interactive plots. The SERVERDATA keyword can be added through the model view on flow
component level.

SERVERDATA statements with only the variable given are treated as profile variables. If the position is
specified, the variables listed in the variable field are trend variables. All process equipment variables are
trend variables and require that a position is given, for example, VALVE = valve label.

Note: SERVERDATA data given for a controller does not work for interactive plotting. SERVERDATA
keyword placed on case level only works for global variables in interactive plots. You cannot make plots
for SERVERDATA statements containing a list of values for a section, only value is reported.

After the plot variables are defined, interactive plots can either be added to the Diagram view by dragging
from the Components view or opened as separate plot tabs. You can create Plot tabs by pressing the
Interactive plot button on the Case toolbar or pressing the + on the right side of the tabs.

Note: For profile plots you can only see the last available profile, no history is saved.

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 In the plot tabs within the case, you can add several plots to one frame. An example is shown below. Each
individual plot can be configured through the context menu.

Adjustable sliding window in interactive trend plots

Background

If you run a long simulation in OLGA with interactive plotting of trend variables, the increasing number of
plot data-points eventually slows down the plot update, resulting in a longer simulation time. With the
adjustable sliding plot window, the number of data points is reduced. This gives a predictable and constant
plot update time.

Note: Sliding window is enabled as default in interactive window simulation plots with a time span of
3600 s (1 h).

How to use it

Adjustable sliding window functionality can be used on the horizontal (time) axis of interactive trend plots
in OLGA. To define a sliding window, select the menu item Max/Min Settings in an interactive trend plot
context menu:

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You define the sliding window setting for a plot in the Time axis sliding window section:

Note
 Windowing is only available for interactive trend plots.
 Changes are only submitted when you click Ok or Apply.
 The sliding window settings for a plot are saved to the case file.

Options

Activate

Select this check box to enable the sliding window in current plot.

Span

This box is accessible only when Activate is selected. In this box , you define the width of the window
used on the horizontal axis, given in the horizontal axis unit.
For example, if you specify a sliding window span to be 1000 s and the simulation has run for more than
the given time span, data points are removed at start to allow place for the new data points. This reduces
the number of points to be updated in the plot.
Use this setting for all plots in case

Select this check box to force all plots in this case to use the current sliding window setting. All new
interactive trend plots are also initialized with this setting.

Note: You can still change the setting locally: Define the local setting, clear Use this setting for all
plots in case and submit the change by clicking Ok or Apply.

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Context menu

The following items are on the context menu:

Menu item Description

Edit/select Opens the Variable selection window.

Variables

Remove All Removes all variables in selected plot.

Variables

Show variable Toggles automatic pop-up of the Variable selection window (only used for the
selector plot and value on Diagram view).

Max/Min Settings Opens a window to set the max and min values of the axis.

Edit X-axis Unit Makes it possible to change the unit of the x-axis.

Show border Toggles the border around the plot.

Load Layout from Opens a window to specify a saved layout.

File

Save Layout to File Opens a window to save the layout.

Add Plot Option to add a plot above/below /right/left of the selected plot.

Remove Plot Deletes the selected plot.

Remove All Plots Deletes all plots in the plot tab.

Edit Title Opens a window where you can edit the plot title.

Layout> Options to change the plots position and size.

Copy Options to copy image/data.

Configuration Opens a configuration window to edit the selected plot.

View > Select type of plot - post processed or not.

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The context menu for the plots added to the Diagram view contains a subset of the above menu. Single
values added to the Diagram view have the following context menu:

Menu item Description

Edit/select Open the Variable selection window.

Variables..

Show variable Toggle automatic pop-up of the Variable selection

selector window (only used for the plot and value on Diagram
view).

Show border Toggle the border around the value and name of the
variable.

Show Name Toggle the variable name.

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Tools available with OLGA

Tool Started from Documentation

FEMThem Viewer File menu > Tools within F1 inside the tool.
OLGA GUI

OLGA Viewer File menu > Tools within Start page, All Programs > Schlumberger > OLGA
OLGA GUI [version] > Documentation

Mud Property File menu > Tools within F1 inside the tool.
Table OLGA GUI

Multiflash File menu > Tools within Help menu within the tool.
OLGA GUI

OLGA Namespace File menu >Tools within Help menu within the tool.
Explorer OLGA GUI

Profile Generator File menu > Tools within Help menu within the tool.
OLGA GUI

OLGA Command File menu > Tools within Click here

Shell OLGA GUI

Fluid Definition File menu > Tools within F1 inside the tool.
Tool OLGA GUI or from Well
GUI

ROCX File menu > Tools within From the Start menu (Start > All Programs >
OLGA GUI Schlumberger > OLGA [version] > Documentation).

Parametric Study From Tools on the Case Click here or F1 inside the tool.
toolbar within OLGA GUI

Multiphase Toolkit File menu > Tools within F1 inside the tool.
OLGA GUI

OLGA Command Prompt

You can run cases without opening the OLGA GUI. Select OLGA Command Prompt from the Start menu
(Start > All Programs > Schlumberger > OLGA [version] > Tools > OLGA Command Prompt). A command
prompt opens that enables the use of the special 'opi' command. Type 'opi /?' to bring up help on all
available options for this command. Here are some examples of what can be done with the opi command:

Run a single simulation from the current folder

opi sample.opi

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Run all cases in the current folder

opi *.opi

Run all cases in the current folder and all sub-folders

opi /recursive *.opi

The opi command can run opi-files, inp-files, key-files, geninp-files and genkey-files.

When you run the OPI command from the OLGA Command Shell, the following log files are created:

 BatchExecutionSummary.txt.simOut: for the OLGA simulation output.

 BatchExecutionSummary.txt: for a general simulation status overview.

OLGA Engine command line parameters

The OLGA Engine command line parameters are:

tcp Enables a TCP/IP server socket on the specified port. The host parameter is ignored.

help Lists all command line parameters with a short description.

disable Disables submodel(s) by giving the label(s) in a quoted string. Ex: -disable "labelA
'label B'"

regServer Persists OPC server information when OLGA

terminates. The default behavior removes OPC server information when the program
terminates.

regService Registers OLGA server as a Windows service.

unreg Unregisters OLGA server or Windows service.

start Starts a registered server or service.

stop Stops a registered service.

notpl Disables the generation of .tpl files.

noppl Disables the generation of .ppl files.

noout Disables the generation of .out files.

noplt Disables the generation of .plt files.

extclk Overrides the simulator mode to external.

extclksched Overrides the scheduler simulator clock to external.

keep Keeps intermediate files (for debugging).

trace Logs a trace of all messages received on the interfaces to <casefile>.log.

log Enables certain facilities to log messages to a file.

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exitRC Only performs rule checks.

exitID Only performs rule checks and input object initializations.

timeout Causes the simulator to time-out after 60 seconds if no messages are received on any
interfaces.

nthreads Uses n threads for parallel execution.

serverNamePrefix Adds a prefix to the SERVERNAME key on the SERVEROPTIONS keyword.

outDir Sets the directory where the OLGA output files are placed.
The default directory is '.'.

play Plays back a previously generated server input log file (*.sil).

threadMode Behavior of threads. Possible values: 1 - serial; 2 - turnaround; 3 - throughput (default).

blockTime Defines the milliseconds (MS) that a thread should wait, after completing the execution
of a parallel region, before sleeping.

version Prints information about the OLGA engine and exit. Use the option [all] to get all
available information.

OLGA Viewer
The OLGA Viewer is a stand-alone animation tool that is installed and defined as an external tool by
default; see the File menu >Tools > External tools.

The PLOT keyword is needed by the OLGA Viewer, and is specified always on case level:

In the Properties window for the PLOT, both the plotting frequency DTPLOT and the variables must be
specified. All variables are plotted for all flowpaths (branches) and all sections of the case.

A *.plt file is generated during the OLGA simulation. After opening the OLGA viewer, select the appropriate
.plt file.

The figure below shows the OLGA Viewer. A separate help document is available from the Help menu
within the tool.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Risk management and optimisation (RMO)

1
RMO is a risk management and optimisation module powered by MEPO that you use to perform
sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, as well as tuning/optimisation on parameters defined in OLGA.

 The sensitivity analysis enables you to find out which of your input parameters has the greatest
influence on a specific output.
 The uncertainty analysis enables you to define distribution functions for each of your input
parameters, and run a case honoring these to see how the output parameters vary.

When you tune/optimize, the input parameters change automatically to minimize or maximize the
difference between specified measurements and the simulation results.

For a detailed description of RMO, launch RMO and select the Analysis manual tab.

1
MEPO is an interactive tool to help the petroleum engineer to manage reservoir uncertainties and
optimize key objectives in reservoir simulation studies. Typical application areas include sensitivity studies,
risk assessment, optimization and history matching.

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Define input parameters

To define the input parameters to be used in the RMO analysis:

1. Select Risk Management and Optimisation (RMO) in the Case toolbar of the case you want to do
the analysis for:

The RMO Input parameters dialog box appears.

2. Enter the parameter definitions:

Use non-numeric parameters

The RMO module requires that all parameters to be varied in a study are defined as numeric values
(integer or floats). Usually, this is not a problem because parameters used in a study often define a
numeric (for example, mass-flow on a source). But in some cases, the parameter to vary in the study is a
non-numeric value, such as geometry or fluid. The solution to this is to use a numeric value in the label of
the parameter to vary.

Note: By setting the precision to 0, you can use integers for OLGA keys with a label value in the
sensitivity cycle.

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OLGA GUI user manual

If you want to run a study with 11 different geometries:

1. Define the different geometries with labels from 0 to 10 as shown below (other numeric labels also
work, if the string represents a numeric value).

2. Select New in the RMO input parameters dialog box. Then select GEOMETRY on the flowpath:

3. Specify GLOBALGEOM as a parameter:

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 A new parameter is defined in the RMO input parameters window that can be used to run a study on
the different geometries.

Use time series/lists as parameters

If a selected input parameter in RMO contains a list of values, the last parameter in the list is used in the
RMO analysis.

Note: This means that you can only change the last number in a time series/list during the RMO
analysis.

Valid characters for folders, cases and parameter names

Space and hyphen (-) are allowed in the folder path and in the OLGA case name when launching the RMO
module. The names of the RMO input parameters can contain the following characters: ()><&|=-
'.?+$%§!{}^,\"

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RMO input parameters

Parameter name

This is the name of the parameter. (The default value is the same as Parameter.) You can edit the
parameter name. Click on a cell to edit it and then move out of the cell to accept the edited name. The
following characters are illegal to use in the parameter name:

( ) > < & | = _- * / " ' . ? + $ % § ! { } ^ , (+space)

An error message is given if illegal characters are used in a parameter name, and the Launch RMO button
is disabled.

Parameter

This is the type of parameter (key).

Unit

The unit is the same as the unit used in the property editor. If you want a different unit, you must change
this in the Property editor for the specific parameter. The unit cannot be changed within the RMO
analysis.
Location

This cell specifies the location (parent container, for example, flowpath name) of the defined parameter.
Keyword(s)

This cell defines the keywords to which a parameter belongs.

Notification area

This cell shows errors and information, for example, if an illegal character is used in the parameter name.

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Action buttons
New

1. Click New to add new input parameters to use in an RMO simulation.

The Select Parameter dialog box opens.

2. From the list, choose the flowpath, node, separator, controller, case or library to which the parameter
to change belongs.
3. Move keywords to and from the list of selected keywords on the right by double-clicking on the
keyword or by using the arrow keys.
4. In the list of selected keywords, in the header, click Click to select parameter.

A list of all the parameters for the selected keyword appears. You can select only the keys shown in
black.

5. Select a parameter and press OK.

Note: For pipe, you can choose several pipes. That is, the parameter selected for this keyword is
commonly changed for all pipes selected.

Edit

Click Edit to change the selected row. The Select parameter dialog box opens. The same procedure as
for the New button applies.

Delete

Click Delete to delete the selected parameters.

Clear

Click Clear to delete all the parameters in the list.

Launch RMO

Click Launch RMO to start RMO with the parameters as defined in the list.

This button is not available if:

 Illegal characters are used in parameter name.

 No result files exists for the base case.
 The RMO module is already running (only one instance of the module can run at the same time).

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Troubleshooting

Illegal characters

In folders:

RMO has restrictions on legal characters in case file name and path. The following characters are not
allowed:

()><&|=-*/"'.?+$%§!{}^,

An error message is displayed in the Notification area if illegal characters are used in a folder name, and
Launch RMO is disabled.

In parameter names:

You can change parameter names in the RMO input parameters dialog box. The following characters are
illegal to use in the parameter name:

( ) > < & | = _- * / " ' . ? + $ % § ! { } ^ ,

An error message is displayed in the Notification area if illegal characters are used in a parameter name,
and Launch RMO is disabled.

Missing result files

The base case must be run before the RMO launch, because the results from the TPL and PPL files are
used in further analysis. An error message is displayed in the Notification area if TPL and PPL files are
missing, and Launch RMO is disabled.

RMO already running

Only one instance of RMO can run at the same time. If an instance is already running, Launch RMO is
disabled.

Hibernate

Do not to set the PC in hibernate mode during study. This makes the simulations for the RMO tuning
optimization cycle fail.

Parametric study
A parametric study is a way to set up a series of OLGA cases based on a current case where each case
has one or more parameters that change. A typical example is to define four cases where everything is the
same except for the mass inflow through the source. The inflow increases incrementally in each case. The
parametric study makes it easy to define and run these cases. You can use up to 50 parameters.

The Parametric studies tab is opened from the Case toolbar, where new studies can be added or
previously performed studies reopened.

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The Parametric studies tab is shown below.

Studies can be performed only on the local machine. However, the number of simultaneous simulation can
be given (#Parallel simulations). This is useful for machines with multiple processors or multi-threading.

Click Duplicate to create a new study. All cases and parameters are copied from the original study. This
simplifies the process of entering the same parameters for several studies.

Note: You cannot run parallel simulations in batch (that is, with parallel simulations you can only use
Run).

When saving the case, the parametric study is saved in a separate folder together with the project and
case.

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Naming of cases
You can change the naming of the cases by selecting an alternative Decoration:

 %N: is replaced by case number.

 %1: is replaced by the value parameter 1.

You can create custom decorations. The name applied because of the selected decoration is displayed in
the list below.

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Create a study
1. Click Add.
2. Enter the number of parameters/properties that must be varied in the parametric study in the
#Parameters box.

3. Select the parameters to change by right-clicking in the header of the table, where it says <Right-
click to select parameter>, then click Select Parameter.
4. In the Select Parameter dialog box, from the list choose the flowpath, node, separator, controller,
case or library to which the parameter to change belongs.

5. Move keywords to and from the list of selected keywords on the right by double-clicking on the
keyword or by using the arrow keys.
6. In the list of selected keyword(s), in the header, click Click to select parameter.

A list of all the parameters for the selected keyword appears. You can select only the keys shown in
black.

7. Select one parameter and press OK.

Note: For pipe, you can choose several pipes. This means that the parameter chosen for this
keyword is changed for all pipes selected.

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8. When all parameters to change have been selected, add values to the parameters.

There are several ways of entering data:

 Typing values directly into the table. Right-clicking the case column brings up the option to insert
more cases.
 Right-click on one of the parameter headings and choose Set Value(s). This gives the option of
giving a range of values; start, end and step. The case table is then filled automatically for the
selected parameter.
 Click Matrix.

This option is only available if more than one parameter is given. In the matrix window, you can
enter a list of values for each parameter, which updates the case table with all combinations of the
parameters specified.

9. When all data are specified, run the study.

 Run Batch starts a command shell that runs independently of the OLGA GUI and only report
status while running in the command shell window.
 Run starts the simulations integrated with the OLGA GUI, so that the status is shown in the case
table.

Note: Only the cases with a check mark are run. The check marks are removed after the
simulations have completed if the Run option is used.

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Viewing results

After the parametric study has run, you can use several different plots to view the results:

Trend Plot

Click Trend Plot to display the Select variables dialog box. The functionality here is like that described in
general for plots. Select the variables to plot, and then click OK to create the plot.

Profile Plot

Click Profile Plot to display the Select variables dialog box. The functionality here is like that described in
general for plots. Select the variables plot, and then click OK to create the plot.

XY Plot

Click XY Plot to display the XY Plot dialog box. First, select the variable type, trend or profile. Then, select
the parameter for the x-axis. Then select the second parameter. (This parameter is constant for each curve
plotted, meaning that there is a curve for each value of this parameter.) Then select the variable for the y-
axis from one of the items listed on the left of the dialog box. Click Plot to create the plot.

Within the XY plot, the time for trend plot variables and the time and pipeline length for profile variables
can be changed with the lists shown at the bottom of the plot. The option Tabulate shows the value of the
variable as function of parameter 1 and parameter 2 at selected time/pipeline length in a table. Several
tables can be added. You can copy the values in the tables by clicking Copy tables.

Note: This option only makes sense if one or more parameters are kept constant when other
parameters are varying. This is obtained if the Matrix option is used to add data to the case table.

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Fluid Definition Tool/Fann table

You can use the Fluid Definition Tool to generate mud tables and Fann tables. The two different modes
work independently of each other and are described below.

The fluid tool is activated either through the Tools menu on the Case toolbar, through the Tools page on
the File menu or via the Well editor > Fluid & PVTtask (illustrated below):

Fluid definition

This part of the fluid definition tool is used to generate different mud tables by modifying an existing PVT
file. The physical properties of the base fluid are substituted with the values from simple correlations. The
base fluid can be Oil, Gas, or Water. You can specify the type of base fluid, density and viscosity of the
base fluid at the standard conditions. Optionally, yield stress can also be given to oil or water based mud.

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Procedure

1. Browse to select an existing .tab file. If there are more than one fluid definition in this file, one of them
can be selected as the base fluid to be used as a starting point for the generated fluid. Both keyword
based PVT files and fixed format PVT files are supported as base fluids.
2. Define the properties to use when generate the resulting PVT file: Mud type, Density, Plastic viscosity
and yield stress. Select Custom to give values for all these properties. You can also select one of the
preset options: Nitrogen, Air or Sea Water.

Note: These pre-set options only fill in default values for the input. The same correlations are used
as if you select Custom.

3. Yield stress is an optional input for oil and water mud types. Type a negative value if you do not want
the yield stress in the resulting table.
4. Click Save file to give a name and location for the resulting PVT file. The generated PVT file is added
to the list of fluids in Fluid & PVT.

Note: The generated PVT file is fixed format, even if the base PVT file is keyword based.

FANN definition

This part of the fluid tool is used to generate a file containing Fann readings. The Fann file is specified as
an input file in the FILES keyword and it is used by OLGA to create a Rheology file automatically. The
format of the Fann file is described in the Fann table file.

The Fann readings are entered in the table (manually or pasted from Excel or a text file). If some data is
not given (empty cells), the values for that column are not included in the Fann file (that is, it is not possible
to have partial input in a column).

When the Fann readings are entered you create the Fann file by clicking the Save file button.

Note: Because of a limitation of the current implementation in OLGA, the pressures and temperatures of
the measurements must be given in a rectangular grid. If not, a warning is displayed when you try to
save the file.

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Mud properties - model description

Below is an overview of the calculations of the mud properties in the Fluid Definition Tool.

Note: OLGA input assumes that the temperature in the Vogel equation is in °C. The maximum viscosity
obtained with the Vogel equation is limited to 1e9 cP (1e6 Ns/m 2), and the minimum is limited to 1e-6 cP
(1e-9 Ns/m2).

Units are given as:

 p: pressure (pa)
 T: temperature (K)
 : density at in-situ pressure and temperature (kg/m3)
 s: density at standard pressure and temperature (kg/m 3)

Gas phase

Only density and viscosity are adjusted:

Gas density

From the equation of state:

Density derivatives

From the equation of state:

Gas viscosity

There are two options for viscosity: Vogel or Simple.

Simple

Vogel

: Viscosity (pa.s)

: Viscosity (N7m) at standard condition

and are constants, specified through the VISCOSITYBCONST and VISCOSITYCCONST keys,
respectively.

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Oil phases

Oil density

Oil viscosity

Simple

Vogel

and are constants, specified through the VISCOSITYBCONST and VISCOSITYCCONST keys,
respectively.

Oil thermal capacity

: thermal capacity (J/kg °C)

Oil Enthalpy

Water phases

Water density

Water viscosity

Simple

Vogel

Bw and Cw are constants, specified through the VISCOSITYBCONST and VISCOSITYCCONST keys,
respectively.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Water thermal capacity

Cp, w: thermal capacity (J/kg °C)

Water enthalpy

IO Configuration Tool
Use the IO Configuration Tool in an OLGA model to quickly and easily define plot variables and to
efficiently populate variables on the OLGA OPC server.

The configurations you set up can be general, such as defining one or several trend variables on all
sources in a model. These configurations can also be specific, such as setting up the OPC server with the
valve opening variable for valves only with a label matches a given text filter.

The set of configurations is saved together with the current case file. The configuration set is reapplied
when you open the case. The set is model specific, meaning that it creates inputs and outputs only if there
is a correct match in the current model. However, you can save the configurations to file (and load from
file) to enable reuse between different models and projects.

Note: It is not recommended to edit the saved file manually, because of the strictly structured file format.

You start the IO Configuration Tool from the Tools menu in the OLGA Case toolbar:

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 Add configurations

Add configuration

1. Write a general description for all configurations.

This step is optional.

2. Select the Plot, Interactive plot or OPC configuration you want to add using the buttons on the
toolbar:

Plot

Use this configuration to define plot variables in the OLGA model. This configuration maps to the
TRENDDATA or PROFILEDATA keyword in the OLGA model, depending on the selection:

 Trend data: A keyword must be set before the plot variables are selected. To set a trend variable on a
specific position on the flowpath, define the POSITION keyword with the relevant position. Then use
POSITION as the keyword when you define the trend data output.
 Profile data: FLOWPATH is the only keyword available.
 Global trend: Defines GLOBAL trend variables (there is no keyword selection).

Examples

Example 1: Add trend variable TM to all SOURCE keywords

1. Define the configuration.

a. Click Keywords to select a keyword.

The Select keyword window opens.

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OLGA GUI user manual

b. Select SOURCE from the list of keywords. Then click OK.

c. Click the Variables button to define variables.

The Select variables window contains variables based on a user selection (for example,
configuration type, trend type and keywords).

2. Select Apply from the toolbar.

The OLGA model is updated with a new TRENDDATA. See the figure below. The data generated by
the IO Configuration Tool is displayed with a separate color:

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Example 2: Add profile variable PT to the FLOWPATH keyword

1. Define the configuration.

a. Click the Variables button to define variables.

Note: Only the Variables button is available and the Keywords field is set to FLOWPATH.

2. Select Apply from the toolbar.

The OLGA model is updated with new PROFILEDATA. The data generated by the IO Configuration
Tool is displayed with a separate color:

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OLGA GUI user manual

Example 3: Add global trend variable HT

1. Define the configuration.

Note: Only the Variables button is available and the Subgroup column indicates Global.

2. Select Apply from the toolbar.

The OLGA model is updated with new TRENDDATA. The data generated by the IO Configuration
Tool is displayed with a separate color:

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Interactive plot

Use this configuration to define interactive plot variables in the OLGA model. The configuration maps to
SERVERDATA in the OLGA model. In Interactive mode, you can display variables in an interactive plot or
interactive variable values.

 Trend data: A keyword must be selected before the plot variables are selected. To set a trend variable
on a specific position on the flowpath, define the POSITION keyword with the relevant position. Then
use POSITION as the keyword when you define trend data output.
 Profile data: FLOWPATH is the only keyword available.
 Global trend: Defines GLOBAL trend variables.

Examples

Example 1: Add interactive trend variable PT on SOURCE

1. Define the configuration.

a. Click the Keywords button to select keyword.

The Select keyword window opens.

b. Select SOURCE from the list of keywords. Then click OK.

c. Click the Variables button to define variables.

The Select variables window contains variables based on a user selection (for example,
configuration type, trend type and keywords).

2. Select Apply from the toolbar.

The OLGA model is updated with new SERVERDATA. The data generated by the IO Configuration
Tool is displayed with a separate color.

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OLGA GUI user manual

Example 2: Add interactive profile variable TM on FLOWPATH

1. Define the configuration.

2. Select Apply from the toolbar.

The OLGA model is updated with new SERVERDATA. The data generated by the IO Configuration
Tool is displayed with a separate color:

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 Example 3: Add interactive GLOBAL trend variable VOLGBL

1. Define the configuration.

2. Select Apply from the toolbar.

The OLGA model is updated with new SERVERDATA. The data generated by the IO Configuration
Tool is displayed with a separate color:

OPC

Use this configuration to define input and output items on the OPC server in the OLGA model. This
configuration maps to SERVERDATA or EXPOSE in the OLGA model, depending on the Trend data
selection.

 Trend data: A keyword must be selected before the actual plot variables are selected.
 Profile data: FLOWPATH is the only keyword available.
 Global trend: Defines GLOBAL trend variables.
 Expose input data: A keyword must be selected before you can select the key to be exposed on the
OPC server.

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Examples

Example 1: Expose PRESSURE key on SOURCE keyword

1. Define the configuration.

Note: The selection in the Select variables window are the keys available for SOURCE.

2. Select Apply from the toolbar.

The OLGA model is updated with new EXPOSE variables. The data generated by the IO
Configuration Tool is displayed with a separate color:

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The Filter function

Filter on label is optional. If you enter text in this box, it only applies to the keyword labels matching the
filter text. You can use the wildcards * and ? to specify subsets.

For example: To select all sources starting with 'IN', write 'IN*'. If you enter 'IN?', it only matches the labels
with exactly 'IN' and one character after it. For example, 'IN1' or 'INA' match, but not 'IN12', nor 'IN'. You
can also combine the wildcards *?.

In this example, only nodes with labels ending in 'let' are used:

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Buttons and windows

Apply

When you select Apply in the toolbar, the current configurations to the OLGA model are applied. The
Output view in OLGA reports the number of new configurations applied.

The configurations are also applied when you save a case or run a verification of the case.

Note: Save and Verify cannot be undone. Thus, applied IO configurations in these operations cannot
be undone.

Open

When you select Open in the toolbar, you must specify an IO Configuration file (.json) to be loaded. When
loading configurations from a file, the current configurations are erased and replaced with the
configurations in the file. If any errors occur during file load (for example, the wrong version number or
syntax), they are reported in the Output view. Click Apply when new configurations are loaded.

Note: It is not recommended to edit the saved file or to create a new (.json) file manually. This is
because of its strictly structured file format.

Save

When you select Save in the toolbar, you must specify an IO Configuration file (.json) to save the current
configurations. Saved configurations can be re-loaded with the Open command.

The Select keyword window

When you click the Keyword button, the Select keyword window opens. Use this window to select one
single keyword or group.

The Select variables window

When you click the Variables button, the Select variables window opens. Use this window to select
variables. You can search for variables in the Search box. You can sort each column by double-clicking
the column header.

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 Undo and Redo IO configurations
You can only undo or redo an action after you have clicked the Apply button. The OLGA case is then
reverted to its previous state before applying the last action. The IO Configuration Tool tab is refreshed
based on what the previous OLGA case contains.

Example

1. Add two configurations and click Apply.

The OLGA case includes these IO configurations.

2. Add two more configurations and click Apply.

The OLGA case includes these new IO configurations.

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3. Click Undo or press Ctrl + Z.

The two additional configurations are removed.

4. Click Redo or press Ctrl + Y.

The two additional configurations are added.

5. Delete three configurations, but do not click Apply.

OLGA does not include the changed IO configuration, because it is not applied to the OLGA case.

6. Click Undo or press Ctrl + Z.

Reverts the last applied action.

7. Click Redo button or Ctrl + Y.

Reverts the last Undo action.

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 Limitations
 Variables that require input that is not available through the IO Configuration Tool cannot be
specified using this tool. For example, Tracer tracking variables, Compositional Tracking variables,
Layers, Slug Tracking variables and Bundle.
 For OPC configurations, you can only use the Expose input data option for flow components (for
example, Controllers. NODE, SOURCE, VALVE) with the key EXPOSE available. That is, you cannot
use this option for Library or Case definition keywords.

Multiphase Toolkit
With the Multiphase Toolkit, you can analyze fully developed steady state operating conditions in a pipe
with the OLGA-S point model. This model contains the same basic physical flow models as used in OLGA.
It can be quite useful to use the tool ahead of pipeline simulations to learn about your system.

For example, for gas condensate pipelines the prediction of steady state holdup as function of inclination
for different production rates should be calculated. If you know your pipeline angle distribution (for
example, from the Profile generator) you can then estimate liquid content in the pipeline for the different
production rates.

Investigation of flow regimes for different conditions (inclination, diameter, flow rates) can also be useful.

How to use

The following features are available:

 Single or multiple OLGA-S simulations.

 Parametric studies.
 Flow regime maps.
 Velocity profile.

Input

Input to OLGA-S can be grouped into three parts:

 Operational conditions: Flow rates/production rates, and so on.

 Fluid properties.
 Pipe description: Diameter, inclination, roughness, length (optional).

Note: You can change the color for each group through Tools > Group Colors.

The input is stored in an Input panel (spread sheet). Each row represents the input to one OLGA-S
simulation. There are currently two options for specifying the input:

 All input values are typed in or pasted from an Excel/ASCII file.

 Sample cases: Under: File > Samples, you can choose a 2-Phase Case or a 3-Phase Case.

You can change the units for the input variables by right clicking the variable name. This does not change
the values in the Input panel.

Options

Under Tools > Options, you can adjust the 3-Phase Calculations.

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 OLGA GUI user manual

Single or multiple OLGA-S simulations

OLGA-S is run for all rows and the results are stored in an Output panel. You can change the units by
right clicking the variable name. This also changes the values in the Output panel.

Input rows and output rows are connected through their Case#. As one input (or output) row is selected,
the corresponding output (or input) row is highlighted.

Parametric study

The parametric study is generated based on the case highlighted in the Input panel. Select a case in the
Input panel, and click Parametric Study in the toolbar. In the Parametric Study, specify the start and end
values for the variables. Click Run to run OLGA-S for N# steps (cases).

You can view the effect of different variables in x-y plots. In the plots, you can choose the axis units by
holding the mouse cursor over an axis and right clicking. When you close the Parametric Study, the
results of all runs are stored in the Output panel.

Flow regime maps

Flow regime maps are generated based on the case highlighted in the Input panel. Select a case in the
Input panel, and click Flow Regime Map in the toolbar. In Flow Regime Input, enter the ranges for the
superficial velocities and the resolution. Both gas/liquid and oil/water flow regime maps are drawn.

Velocity profile

The velocity profile is generated based on the case highlighted in the Input panel. Select a case in the
Input panel, and then click Velocity Profile in the toolbar to open the plot view. The plot view is docked on
the right side of the main window by default. Each new velocity profile generated is added to a new tab in
the plot view. You can make it floating by double-clicking the title bar of the spread sheet.

When running the OLGA HD stratified flow model, the plots provide an insight into the variation of the
velocity over the pipe cross section. For flow regimes other than stratified, only bulk velocities are
displayed for each flow layer. Slug flow is, for simplicity, shown as either stratified or annular flow,
depending on inclination angle. The bulk velocities are given by the average value from the slug body and
the slug bubble.

Note: The current version of OLGA HD flow model does not support the velocity profile for single-phase
flow. If you try to plot the velocity profile for single-phase HD flow, a message is shown. The standard
OLGA flow model does not have this limitation.

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Velocity profile toolbar

Tool Description

Save picture to file Save the picture of the velocity profile to a file.

Copy data to clipboard Copy the average and center-line velocity values to the clipboard.

Pan view Toggle the pan view (Shift + drag)

Rotate view Toggle the rotate view (Ctrl + drag)

Zoom view Toggle the zoom view (Mouse wheel)

Pick velocity value Toggle the display of the velocity value at the mouse cursor point (mouse move)

YZ view Show the average velocity profile along the vertical axis of the pipe section.

XY view Show the cross-section view of the velocity profile.

3D view Show the 3D view of the velocity profile.

Options Display the Options dialog box.

Options dialog

Menu item Description

BackColor Set the background color.

Gas Toggle the display of gas. Set the color for gas.

Oil Toggle the display of oil. Set the color for oil.

Water Toggle the display of water. Set the color for water.

Mesh Toggle the display of mesh. Set the color for mesh.

Axis Toggle the display of axes. Set the color for axes.

Label Toggle the display of labels. Set the color for labels.

Centerline Toggle the display of the center line.

Average Toggle the display of the Average velocity line.

velocity

Smooth Toggle the smooth normal shading.

normal

Color scale Toggle the display of color scale. Set the colors for color
scale.

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Model description

In Multiphase Toolkit, the OLGA-S point model is used to calculate the fully developed steady state
operating conditions in a straight pipe. This model contains the same basic physical flow models as used
in OLGA.

OLGA-S operates with 9 gas / liquid flow regimes:

0: Stratified smooth flow

1: Stratified wavy flow

2: Annular flow

3: Slug flow

4: Bubble flow

5: Oil-water flow

6: Single phase gas

7: Single phase oil

8: Single phase water

and these oil/water flow regimes:

0: No dispersion

1: < 50% liquid-liquid dispersion

2: >50% liquid-liquid dispersion

< 0: Undefined or not applicable

Example

If distributed (hydrodynamic slug or bubble) flow and IDWH(2) = 0: Oil/water flow regime is stratified
smooth in the liquid slug part of a slug unit. (A slug unit is consisting of a liquid slug and a neighboring
bubble). If distributed (hydrodynamic slug or bubble) flow and IDWH(3) = 2: Oil/water flow regime in the
slug bubble is dispersed with either water droplets in oil or vice versa, depending on the watercut being
below or above the water/oil inversion point. When the gas/liquid flow regime is bubble, only IDWH(2)
applies, as the liquid slug length fraction of a slug unit is then 1.0.

Flow regime transitions are based partly on mechanistic models and partly on correlations.

Limitations

Multiphase Toolkit uses the OLGA-S point model. This model contains the same basic physical models
as used in OLGA. However, in OLGA-S steady state fully developed flow in a straight pipe is assumed. In
a real pipeline, this situation is not always achieved due to development along the line or due to variations
with time. The OLGA pipeline model includes these deviations from the fully developed state. Direct
comparisons between OLGA-S and OLGA predictions in a point along the pipeline should therefore be
done with care. However, OLGA-S can give you a good estimate of the steady state situation.

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