Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
UNIT-6
FLEXIBILITY MATRIX METHOD
The systematic development of consistent deformation method in the matrix form has
lead to flexibility matrix method. The method is also called force method. Since the basic
unknowns are the redundant forces in the structure.
This method is exactly opposite to stiffness matrix method.
The flexibility matrix equation is given by
[P] [F] = {[Δ] – [ΔL]}
[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}
Where,
[P] = Redundant in matrix form
[F] = Flexibility matrix
[Δ] = Displacement at supports
[ΔL]= Displacement due to load
1. Analyse the continuous beam shown in the figure by flexibility matrix method, draw
BMD
60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m
Static Indeterminacy SI = 2 (MA and MB)
MA and MB are the redundant
Let us remove the redundant to get primary determinate structure
60kN/m 100kN
A B B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m
120/EI 75/EI
A’ B’ B’ C’
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 67
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L
Δ1L = Rotation at A = SF at A’
Δ1L = ½ [2/3 X 4 X ]
Δ1L =
Δ2L = Rotation at A = SF at B’
= VB1’ + VB2’
Δ2L = ½ [2/3 X 4 X ] + ½ [1/2 X 3 X ]
.
Δ2L =
160
[ΔL] =
216.25
Note: The rotation due to sagging is taken as positive. The moments producing due to
sagging are also taken as positive.
To get Flexibility Matrix
Apply unit moment to joint A
1kN-m
A B B C
δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 68
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
.
δ11 = = =
.
δ21 = = =
Apply unit moment to joint A
1kN-m 1kN-m
A B B C
.
δ12 = = =
.
δ22 = + = + =
δ11 δ12 1.33 0.67
[F] = =
δ21 δ22 0.67 1.33
Apply the flexibility equation
[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}
0
[Δ] =
0
-1
1.33 0.67 0 160
[P] = EI -
0.67 1.33 0 216.25
MAB -86.00
[P] = = kN-m
MBA -68.08
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 69
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
120
86 +
75
68
-
- +
BMD
2. Analyse the continuous beam shown in the figure by flexibility matrix method, draw
BMD
40kN/m 120kN 20kN/m
A B C D
12m 4m 8m 12m
Static Indeterminacy SI = 2 (MB and MC)
MB and MC are the redundant
Let us remove the redundant to get primary determinate structure
40kN/m 120kN
A B B C
12m 4m 8m
720/EI 320/EI
A’ B’ B’ C’
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 70
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
20kN/m
C D
12m
360/EI
C’ D’
Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L
Δ1L = Rotation at B = SF at B’
= VB1’ + VB2’
.
Δ1L =
Δ2L = Rotation at C = SF at C’
= VC1’ + VC2’
.
Δ2L =
3946.67
[ΔL] =
2293.33
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 71
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
To get Flexibility Matrix
Apply unit moment to joint A
1kN-m 1kN-m
A B B C
δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22
δ11 = + = + =
δ21 = = =
Apply unit moment to joint A
1kN-m 1kN-m
B C C D
δ12 = = =
δ22 = + = + =
δ11 δ12 8 2
[F] = =
δ21 δ22 2 8
Apply the flexibility equation
[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}
0
[Δ] =
0
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 72
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
-1
8 2 0 3946
[P] = EI -
2 8 0 2293
MAB -449.97
[P] = = kN-m
MBA -174.22
120
86 +
75
68
-
- +
BMD
SINKING OF SUPPORT
1. Analyse the continuous beam by flexibility method, support B sinks by 5mm. Sketch
the BMD and EC given EI = 15 X 103 kN-m2
30kN/m 120kN
A B C
6m, 2I 2m I 2m
NOTE: In this case of example with sinking of supports, the redundant should be selected as
the vertical reaction.
Static indeterminacy is equal to 2. Let VB and VC be the redundant, remove the redundant to
get the primary structure.
A’ B’ C’
120/EI
240/EI
480/EI
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 73
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
A’ B’ C’
270/EI
Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L
Δ1L = Displacement at B in primary determinate structure = BM at B’ in conjugate beam
Δ1L = [ X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) ] + (6 X X 6/2) + [ X 6 X X (3/4 X 6) ]
Δ1L =
Δ2L = Displacement at C in primary determinate structure = BM at C’ in conjugate beam
Δ2L = [ X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) ] + (6 X X 6/2 + 4) + [ X 6 X X (3/4 X 6 +4) ]
Δ2L =
8910
[ΔL] =
19070
To get Flexibility Matrix
Apply unit Load at B
A B C
6m 4m
1kN
3/EI
A’ B’ C’
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 74
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22
δ11 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) =
δ21 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) =
Apply unit load at C
A B C
6m 4m
1kN
5/EI
4/EI
2/EI
A’ B’ C’
δ12 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) – [6 X X (6/2)] =
.
δ22 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) – [6 X X (6/2 + 4)] - X 4 X X (2/3 X 4) =
δ11 δ12 -36 -72
[F] = =
δ21 δ22 -72 -177.33
Apply the flexibility equation
[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}
0.005
[Δ] =
0
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 75
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
-1
-36 -72 0.005 8910
[P] = EI -
-72 -177.33 0 19070
VB 161.43
[P] = = kN-m
VC 41.98
Support Reaction
120kN
MA 30kN/m MB MB 0
VA VB1 VB2 VC
VA = 96.64kN, VB1 = 83.36kN, VB2 = 78.07kN, VC = 41.98kN
VB = VB1+ VB2 = 161.43kN
MA 112.48
= kN-m
MB 72.28
135
112.48 +
120
72.28
-
- +
BMD
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 76
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
UNIT-7
STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD
The systematic development of slope deflection method in the matrix form has lead to
Stiffness matrix method. The method is also called Displacement method. Since the basic
unknowns are the displacement at the joint.
The stiffness matrix equation is given by
[Δ] [K] = {[P] – [PL]}
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
Where,
[P] = Redundant in matrix form
[F] = Stiffness matrix
[P] = Final force at the joints in matrix form
[PL]= force at the joints due to applied load in matrix form
1. Analyse the continuous beam by Stiffness method Sketch the BMD
20kN/m 120kN
A B C
6m 3m 3m
Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 1 (θB)
20kN/m 120kN
A B C
6m 3m 3m
[PL] = MFBA + MFBC
= + (− )= -
[PL] = -30kN-m
Apply unit displacement at joint B.
A B C
[K] = + = + = 1.33EI (θ=1)
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 77
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
By condition of equilibrium at joint B
[P] = 0
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
= {[P] – [PL]}
.
θB = .
{[0] – [-30]} =
Slope deflection equation
MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= -60 + (2θA + ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)
MAB = -52.5kN-m
MBA = MFBA + (2θB + θA)
0
.
= 60 + (2 X + θA)
MBA = 75.04kN-m
MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)
.
= -90 + (2 X + 0)
MBC = -75kN-m
MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB)
.
= 90 + (0 + )
MCB = 97.52kN-m
120
90
+ 97.5
+ 75
52.5 _ -
-
BMD
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 78
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
2. Analyse the continuous beam by Stiffness method Sketch the BMD
60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m
Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)
60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m
[P1L] = MFBA + MFBC
= + (− )= - = 42.5kN-m
[P2L] = MFCB = = = 37.5kN-m
P1L 42.5
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 37.5
Apply unit displacement at joint B.
A B C
K11 = + = + = 2.33EI (θ=1)
K21 = = = 0.67EI
Apply unit displacement at joint B.
A B C
K12 = = = 0.67EI
K22 = = = 1.33EI
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 79
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
By condition of equilibrium at joint B
[P] = 0
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
-1
2.33 0.67 0 42.5
[Δ] = -
0.67 1.33 0 37.5
θB -11.88
=
θC -22.19
Slope deflection equation
MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= -80 + (2θA - ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)
MAB = -85.94kN-m
MBA = MFBA + (2θB + θA)
0
.
= 80 + (2 X + θA)
MBA = 68.12kN-m
MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)
. .
= -37.5 + (2 X + )
MBC = -68.6kN-m
MCB = 0
120
75
+
68.6
86 - _ +
BMD
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 80
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
Sinking of support
1. Analyse the continuous beam shown in figure by stiffness method. Support B sinks by
300/EI units and support C sinks by 200/EI units
100kN 60kN
A B C
4m 4m 4m 4m
Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)
100kN 60kN
A B C
8m 4m 4m
[P1L] = MFBA + MFBC - -
= - – + = 21.25kN-m
[P2L] = MFCB - = + = 69.38kN-m
P1L 21.25
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 69.38
Apply unit displacement at joint B.
A B C
K11 = + = + = EI (θ=1)
K21 = = = 0.25EI
Apply unit displacement at joint B.
A B C
K12 = = = 0.25EI
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 81
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
K22 = = = 0.50EI
By condition of equilibrium at joint B
[P] = 0
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
-1
1 0.25 0 21.25
[Δ] = -
0.25 0.50 0 69.38
θB 15.36
=
θC -146.44
Slope deflection equation
( )
MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB – )
0
. ( / )
= -100 + (2θA + - ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)
MAB = -124.29kN-m
MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB - )
0
. ( / )
= 100 + (θA + 2 - )
MBA = 79.55kN-m
MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC - )
. . ( / )
= -60 + (2 + - )
MBC = -79.55kN-m
MCB = 0
200
120
+
79.5
124.3 - _ +
BMD
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 82
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
Analysis of frames
1. Analyse the frame by stiffness method
100kN 30kN /m
A B C
2m 2I 3m I, 3m
3m I
Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)
100kN 30kN /m
A B C
2m 2I 3m I, 3m
3m I
[P1L] = MFBA - MFBC + MFCD
= - = 25.5kN-m
[P2L] = MFCB = = 22.5kN-m
P1L 25.5
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 22.5
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 83
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
Apply unit displacement at joint B.
A B C
K11 = + + = + + = 4.267EI (θ=1)
K21 = = = 0.67EI
Apply unit displacement at joint C.
A B C
K12 = = = 0.67EI
K22 = = = 1.33EI
By condition of equilibrium at joint B
[P] = 0
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 84
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
-1
4.267 0.67 0 25.5
[Δ] = -
0.67 1.33 0 22.5
θB -3.604
=
θC -15.01
Slope deflection equation
MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= -72 + (2θA + ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)
MAB = -74.88kN-m
MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= 72 + (θA + 2 )
MBA = 42.23kN-m
MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)
. .
= -22.5 + (2 + )
MBC = -37.37kN-m
MBD = MFBD + (2θB + θD)
.
=0+ (2 + 0)
MBD = -4.81kN-m
MDB = MFDB + (2θD + θB)
.
=0+ (2 0 + )
MDB = -2.402kN-m
MCB = 0
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 85
