TP 2810E
(08/2005)
Study and Reference Guide
Flight Instructor Rating
Aeroplane and Helicopter
Fifteenth Edition
August 2005
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© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by
the Minister of Transport 2005.
This publication may be reproduced without permission provided the
source is fully acknowledged.
TP 2810E
(08/2005)
TC-1001619
1
You may reproduce this guide as required and it can be found at
http://www.tc.gc.ca/civilaviation/general/exams/guides/menu.htm
GENERAL
KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS
This Study and Reference Guide provides a syllabus for the knowledge requirements for the
Flight Instructor Rating. It should be used in conjunction with Study and Reference Guide
TP 12881E for Aeroplanes or TP 2476E for Helicopters. Written examinations for the instructor
ratings sample topics taken from these guides.
All flight instructors must have a comprehensive knowledge of subject areas required for the
Commercial Pilot Licence. It is also essential to be a good teacher, and as experience is gained,
administrative duties must also be assumed. Accordingly, the written examination for the flight
instructor ratings include sections relating to three general areas:
1. Training Procedures,
2. Administration and Licensing Procedures, and
3. Aeronautical Knowledge.
The relative emphasis on each section will depend upon the class of Flight Instructor Rating.
A Class 4 instructor must have sufficient knowledge of training and licensing procedures, and
aeronautical knowledge to guide students to obtain a recreational permit, private licence,
commercial licence, VFR over-the-top rating, and night rating.
A Class 2 instructor must demonstrate knowledge of administrative and licensing procedures
involved with the supervision of instructors and operation of flight training units. A Class 2 flight
instructor's understanding of training and licensing procedures, and aeronautical knowledge is
expected to be greater than that of a Class 4 instructor.
A Class 1 instructor must possess the knowledge to teach others to use instructional
techniques. A Class 1 flight instructor's understanding of training procedures, administration and
licensing procedures, and aeronautical knowledge is expected to be greater than that of a Class
2 instructor.
There is no Class 3 Flight Instructor Rating examination.
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EXAMINATIONS
Applicants for Class 1, 2 and 4 flight instructor ratings are required to write the appropriate
Transport Canada multiple choice examination on subjects contained in this guide. As well,
aeroplane candidates are to refer to the knowledge requirements in reference guide
TP 12881E, and helicopter candidates are to refer to reference guide TP 2476E.
Aeroplane:
Class Examination Questions Time Limit Pass Mark
4 AIRAF 100 3 hours 70%
2 AIRAT 100 3 hours 70%
1 AIRAT 100 3 hours 80%
Helicopter:
Class Examination Questions Time Limit Pass Mark
4 HIRAF 75 3 hours 70%
4 FIREN 40 2 hours 70%
2 HIRAT 100 3 hours 70%
1 HIRAT 100 3 hours 80%
Applicants for a Class 4 Flight Instructor Rating Helicopter are required to write the FIREN
examination on instrument instruction in addition to the HIRAF examination.
Class 2 and Class 1 candidates write the same examination, however, a mark of 80% or higher
is required to meet Class 1 standards.
EXAMINATION RESULTS: FEEDBACK STATEMENTS
Feedback statements on the results letter will inform the candidate where questions were
answered incorrectly.
Example of a Feedback Statement
Identify the atmospheric conditions favorable for thunderstorm formation.
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TRAINING PROCEDURES
FLIGHT TEST GUIDES
1 Flight Test Exercises Performance Criteria
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES/LEARNING
1 Learning Process
2 Learning Factors
3 Memory/Forgetting
4 Listening
5 Motivation
6 Student/Instructor Relationship
7 Lesson Preparation
8 Training Aids
9 Questioning
10 Lecturing
11 Demonstration-performance
12 Developmental Teaching
13 Group Activities
14 Student Teaching
15 Self Study
16 Critiquing/Feedback
17 Student Progress
18 Evaluation
19 Integrating Human Factors
GROUND INSTRUCTION
1 Ground School
2 Preparatory Ground Instruction
3 Pre-flight Briefing
4 Post-flight Briefing
IN-FLIGHT INSTRUCTION
1 Planning
2 In-flight Teaching techniques/air exercises
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ADMINISTRATION AND LICENSING PROCEDURES
ISSUE, PRIVILEGES, REVALIDATION OF FLIGHT CREW LICENCE, PERMITS, ENDORSEMENTS
AND RATINGS
1 General Conditions
2 Written Examination Procedures
3 Flight Testing Procedures
4 Student Pilot Permit
5 Recreational Pilot Permit
6 Private Pilot Licence
7 Commercial Pilot Licence
8 Aeroplane Class Ratings
9 Aircraft Type Ratings
10 Night Rating
11 VFR Over-The-Top Rating
12 Instrument Rating
13 Flight Instructor Rating
14 Transport Canada Forms
15 Medical Certificate
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR FLIGHT TRAINING
1 General
2 Flight Training Program
3 Personnel and Aircraft
4 Flight Training Operations
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR FLIGHT TRAINING UNITS
1 General Information
2 Certification
3 Personnel
4 Aircraft
5 Flight Training Operations
REGULATIONS FOR SYNTHETIC FLIGHT TRAINING EQUIPMENT
1 CAR 606.03
AERONAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE
Refer to Study and Reference Guide TP 12881E Aeroplanes or TP 2476E Helicopters.
• Air Law and Procedures
• Navigation and Radio Aids
• Meteorology
• Airframes, Engines and Systems
• Theory of Flight
• Flight Instruments
• Flight Operations
• Human Factors
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RECOMMENDED STUDY MATERIAL
• Flight Test Guide Recreational Pilot Permit TP 12475E
• Flight Test Guide Private Pilot License - Aeroplane - TP 13723E
• Flight Test Guide Commercial Pilot License - Aeroplane - TP 13462E
• Private and Commercial Pilot Licence - Helicopters TP 3077E
• Flight Instructor Guide (Revised 1998) TP 975E
• Helicopter Flight Instructor Guide (Revised 1995) TP 4818E
• Study and Reference Guide Recreational Pilot Permit - Aeroplane (TP 12467E)
• Study and Reference Guide Private Pilot Licence, including Helicopter to Aeroplane Pilot
Licence - Aeroplane (TP 12880E)
• Study and Reference Guide Commercial Pilot Licence, including Helicopter to Aeroplane
Pilot Licence - Aeroplane (TP 12881E)
• Study and Reference Guide Private and Commercial Pilot Licence, including Aeroplane to
Helicopter Pilot Licences - Helicopter (TP 2476E)
• Human Factors for Aviation - Basic Handbook (TP 12863E)
• Human Factors for Aviation - Advanced Handbook (TP 12864E)
• Human Factors for Aviation - Instructor's Guide (TP 12865E)
• Instrument Procedures Manual (TP 2076E)
Information on textbooks and other publications produced by commercial publishers can be
obtained through local flying training organizations and bookstores.
ENQUIRIES
Information concerning the location of pilot training organizations and matters pertaining to flight
crew licensing may be obtained by contacting the appropriate Regional Offices. A complete
listing may be found at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/CivilAviation/General/Exams/Centres.htm
