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General Physics Module 11

1) Johannes Kepler resided in Graz, Austria but was expelled in 1600 due to religious and political strife. He then served as an assistant to Tycho Brahe in Prague. 2) Brahe had made very precise astronomical observations and was impressed by Kepler's previous work. However, he mistrusted Kepler and only allowed him access to some of his planetary data. 3) Brahe tasked Kepler with deciphering the orbit of Mars, which did not match the descriptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy. After struggling, Kepler realized the planets orbit in ellipses rather than perfect circles, solving the issues with Mars' orbit.

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264 views3 pages

General Physics Module 11

1) Johannes Kepler resided in Graz, Austria but was expelled in 1600 due to religious and political strife. He then served as an assistant to Tycho Brahe in Prague. 2) Brahe had made very precise astronomical observations and was impressed by Kepler's previous work. However, he mistrusted Kepler and only allowed him access to some of his planetary data. 3) Brahe tasked Kepler with deciphering the orbit of Mars, which did not match the descriptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy. After struggling, Kepler realized the planets orbit in ellipses rather than perfect circles, solving the issues with Mars' orbit.

Uploaded by

Angel Picazo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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GENERAL PHYSICS STEM 12

Lexer John C. Villena MODULE 11

Jumpstart
As seen from above the Sun's north pole, the planets rotate in a
counterclockwise orientation, and their orbits are all aligned to what astronomers call
the ecliptic plane.
If it weren't for the work of a German mathematician named Johannes Kepler, we
would not have a better knowledge of planetary motion. During the turbulent early 17th
century, Kepler resided in Graz, Austria. On August 2nd, 1600, Kepler was expelled
from Graz due to religious and political strife that was widespread at the time.
Fortunately, a chance to serve as an assistant to the famed astronomer Tycho
Brahe arose, and the young Kepler and his family relocated from Graz to Prague, 300
kilometers across the Danube River. Tycho Brahe is recognized with making the most
precise astronomical observations of his day, and he was impressed by Kepler's
findings during a previous meeting. Brahe, on the other hand, mistrusted Kepler,
thinking that his bright young intern might overtake him as the world's leading
astronomer. As a result, he only allowed Kepler to access a portion of his massive
planetary data.
He tasked Kepler with deciphering the orbit of the planet Mars, whose movement
clashed with Aristotle and Ptolemy's descriptions of the world. Part of the motive for
assigning the Mars issue to Kepler is said to have been Brahe's desire to keep Kepler
occupied while he worked on perfecting his own solar system theory, which was based
on a geocentric model in which the earth is the center of the solar system. Mercury,
Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn all orbit the Sun, which in turn orbits the earth,
according to this paradigm. Kepler, unlike Brahe, was a fervent believer in the
Copernican model of the solar system, known as heliocentric, which accurately put the
Sun at the center. Mars' orbit, on the other hand, was troublesome since the Copernican
theory wrongly believed that the planets' orbits were circular.
After much struggle, Kepler realized that the planets' orbits are not circles, but
rather the elongated or flattened circles known to geometers as ellipses, and that the
particular difficulties Brahe had with the movement of Mars were due to the fact that its
orbit was the most elliptical of the planets for which Brahe had extensive data. In an
ironic twist, Brahe unknowingly handed Kepler the part of his data that would enable
Kepler to build the proper explanation of the solar system, thereby putting Brahe's idea
to rest.
Explore
Activity 1
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE

Activity 2

GAUGE
1. A 6-10:
2. C Mercury-1.02 Mars-0.99 Uranus-1.01
3. D Venus- 0.98 Jupiter-0.99 Neptune-1.00
4. B Earth- 1.00 Saturn-1.01
5. C
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. A

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