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755 views19 pagesSample Problems Math Day 16
day 16
Uploaded by
John Jethro ClaveriaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 19
ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
Cebu Main: 4° floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tol #(032) 254-33-84
Marila: 3° floor JPD Bldg. 1955, C M Recto Comer N. Reyes St. Sampaloc, Manila” Tel # (02) 736-4438
DAY 16 - MATHEMATICS SAMPLE PROBLEMS
IMPULSE & MOMENTUM
PROBLEM 1
‘A73 kg man stands on a ladder. Ifthe distance from his heel to the ball of his foot, where the load is carried, is 20 em,
what is the bending moment resisted by his ankles?
A 3Nm B.T12Nm — C.123Nm —D. 165Nm
SOLUTION:
Moment
Moment
wxd
(73x9.81)0.2)
43.23 Num
PROBLEM 2
‘Two particles collide, stick together, and continue their motion together. Each particle has mass of 10 grams, and their
respective velocities before the colision were 10 mis and 100 mvs. What isthe energy of the system after the colision?
A 218d B. 48.2 ©. 3024 D. 779d
SOLUTION: Before moat
Using the law of momentum
smyvs + mova = me've + mee ial
v= common velocity after impact,
40(10) + 10(100) = 10v + 10 ‘After impact:
v= 55 mis .
KE = kinetic eneray ater impact
m= total mass 1
m= 10+ 10=20 grams = 0.02 kg
10.25 Joules
ke= 1
3 (002x857
PROBLEM 3
A stationary passenger car of a tran is set into motion by the impact of a moving locomotive. What is the impulse
delivered to the carifit has a velocity of 38 fs immediately after the collision? The weight ofthe car is 13 kps.
‘A 0.34kip-sec B. 15.3kip-sec C. 7.7kip-sec D. 342kip-sec
soLUTION
W = 13kips = 13,000 bs
Momentum
Momentum
Momentum = 15,341.62 Ib-sec = 15.34 kip-sec
PROBLEM 4
‘A.60 ton rail moving at 1 mile is instantaneously coupled to a stationary 40 ton rail car. What is the speed of the
coupled cars?
‘A088 mir 8. 10 mir ©, O.60-mivhr —D. 0.40 mithr SOLUTION:
Lot v = speed of coupled cars a fo
By law of conservation of momentum: eee
rmivs + move = mvs’ + mae 7
60(1) + 40(0) = 60v + 40v —_.
v= 0.60 milhr
PROBLEM 5 i
What isthe momentum does a 40 Ib projectile posses ifthe projectile is moving at 420 mph?
‘A. 24,640 lb-sec B. 16,860 lb-sec C. 765|b-sec D. 523.6 b-sec.
SOLUTION:
v = 420 x 5280/3600 = 616 fis oe
Momentum = my = 40(616)
Momentum = 24,640 ftibisec x 1/32.2 us? [20 hs
Momentum = 765 lb-sec
PROBLEM 6
‘60 ton railcar moving at 1 midhr is coupled to a second, stationary ral car. If the velocity of the two cars after the
coupling is 1 fsec(in the original direction of motion) and the coupling is completed in 0.5 sec, what is the average
Impulsive force on the 60 ton railcar?
‘A 50lb B.3500Ib C.1,200b 6016
SOLUTION: rt)
vy; = 11x 5280/3600 = 1.4667 fsec
Ft= m(vi-w)
After monet
F(0.5) = 9012000) 4 4667-1) ~ z
08 = aD 4867—1)
F = 350010
PROBLEM 7
A 15 tons locomotive moving at 5 misec colides with and is coupled to a 45 tons car atrest on the same straight
track Find their common velocity after impact.
AOSmsec B.0.75misec C.tmisec —_D. 1.5 misoc
SOLUTION:
By the law of momentum:
(6) + 45(0)= vem; me)
vi=ve
4540= v(15 +45)
V= 0.75 misec
PROBLEM 8
‘Amman fired at a metal target which he hanged by a single string below the branch ofa tree. The weight ofthe target
and the bullet are 22 kg and 2 grams, respectively. Ifthe target was raised 0.12 m when hit by the bullet horizontally
‘compute for the velocity ofthe bullet when it came into contact with the target in misec.
‘A 1654 msec B. 1689 m/sec C, 1696 misc. 1243 misec SOLUTION:
‘common velocity of bullet and target ater impact
agh = /2{9.81N0.42)
v= 1.5344 msec
By law of momentum:
my Vo-+ Me e= me V+ MY.
(0.002 vs + 0 = (0,002 + 2.2)1.5944) =
p= 1.689.374 misec
PROBLEM 9
‘An empty coal car weighing 20 tons is coasting on a level track at a constant speed of 10 misec. A load of 10 tons
of coal is suddenly dumped into the car. What is the new speed of the car?
A567 misc B.667misec C.7.67 msec D.8.67 misec
SOLUTION: +“
Lot = new speed ofthe car when aay
the coal i suddenly applied = _.-
smyyy tmeve = mis + mee gee. eve
20(10) + 10(0) = v(20 + 10)
= 6.57 mee
PROBLEM 10
‘An. grams bullet is fred horizontally into a 10 kg block of wood which is free to move. The velocity ofthe block and
bullet after impact is 0.5 m/sec. Calculate the initial velocity of the bullet
‘A.4255 misec B.525.5misec C. 625.5 misec D. 725.5 msec
SOLUTION:
By conservation of momentum method: 9
imyys ¢move = (ms +ms) vo =
0.008 v; +0 (0.008 + 10)(0.5) 0.008 ke 10ky
vy = 625.5 misec
WORK, ENERGY & POWER
PROBLEM 1
‘Assuming a shaft output of 3,000 kw and a fuel rate of (JP-4) 34.2 bimin, What isthe overall thermal efficiency of the
machine? (HHV of JP is 18,000 Btu).
A 24.3% B. 27.71% —C, 28.30% —D. 29.10%
SOLUTION:
Heat input = my Oy ee ee ed
Heat input = (34.2)(18,000)
Heat input = 615,600 Btummin x 142.42
Heat input = 14512.023 hp = 1082597 kw
Power Output
Heat input
,000/10,825.97 = 27.71% PROBLEM 2
‘Awinch lifted @ mass of 1600 kg through a height of 25 m is 30 sec. Ifthe efficiency ofthe winch is 60%, calculate the
fenergy consumed in kwh.
AOI 8.0187 ©. 04881. 0218
SOLUTION:
Enorgy Input = W = Fxd
Energy input = (1800x0.00981)25)
060
654 KJ oF 654 kw- sec
1654/3600 = 0.1817 kw-hr
Energy Input
Energy Input
PROBLEM 3
A solid disk flywheel (I= 200 kg-m) is rotating with a speed of 900 rpm. Whatis the rotating kinetic energy?
‘A. 730 x 10 tothe 3rd power JC. 680 x 10 to the Grd power J
B. 1100 x 10to the 3rd powers. 888 x 10 to the 3rd power J
SOLUTION:
w= 90028) _ 94 26rad/s
60
KE = 12 | w
KE = 1/2 (200)(94.25)* = 888 x 10° J
PROBLEM 4
‘Awinch led a mass of 1600 kg through @ height of 25 m in 30 sec. Calculate the input power in kw if the efficiency
ofthe winch is 60%,
A1B1kw — B2B1kw — C. 218kw —D. 13.08kw
SOLUTION:
Ouput_power
Input power = Oubut_power
" Efficiency
Output power = Fxv = Fx (St)
Input power = (1800x0.00981)(26 / 30)
" (060)
PROBLEM 5
‘A pump discharges 50 ton water per hour to a height of € m. The overall efficiency of the pumping system being 69%
Calculate the energy consumed by the pump in 2 hours, expressed in Mi.
A 1268MW B. 1238 C. 11.68MJ—D. 10.32 MU
SOLUTION:
m = 8012000) = 12.508 kgis
3600(2 205)
Pump Input Power = 12.598(0.0088118) = 4.439 kw
069
Energy consumed for2 hours = Pixtime = 1:488(2)(3600)
000
PROBLEM 6
A force of 200 Ib acts on a block at an angle of 28° with respect to horizontal. The block pushes 2 feet horizontally
What isthe work done by this force?
‘A 320d B. 480 J ©. 5400 D. 2154 SOLUTION: I Pa
5
xd Z
(200 cos26*) (2) = 353.18 feb en
W = 353.18 (1055/78) = 478.92 J
aR
PROBLEMT
‘A'10 kg block is raised vertically 9 meters, Whats the change in potential energy? Answer in Sl unt is closed to:
A200 8. 350 kg-mls? C204) D. 350 Nem
SOLUTION:
APE
APE
PROBLEM 8
{body weighing 1000 Ibs fls 6 in and stkes 22000 Ibs(ger inch) spring. Whats tho deformation ofthe spring
A3in 3. 100mm c.6in Dain
SOLUTION:
. a
wory= fy
But: F = 2000 lin yin) hae
F= 2000 y
“yy = (2000
1000(6 + y) (2), =* 2
PROBLEM 9
‘4.4000 kg elevator starts from rest, accelerates uniformly to a constant speed of 2.0 mis and accelerates uniformly to
a stop 20 m above its inital postion. Neglecting friction and other losses, what work is done on the elevator?
‘A. 785.x 10 to the 3rd power JB. 700 x 10 to the 3rd power J
C. 900 x 10 to the 3rd power JD. 685 x 10 to the Sed power J
SOLUTION:
w
xd | [20m
W= 4000 (9.81)(20)
W= 784.8% 10
PROBLEM 10
‘An engine has an efficiency of 26%. It uses 2 gallons of gasoline per hour. Gasoline has a heating value of 20,500
BBtulb and a specific gravity of 0.8. What is the power output of the engine?
AdiTkw B.O33kWw ©. 200kw —_D. 208kw
SOLUTION:
13,346/9600) (20,500 x 1.055) = 80.18 kw 2=26%
0.18(0.26) = 20.85 kw PROBLEM 11
‘The average power output of a cylinder in a combustion engine is given by Power = PLAnc.
Where: P= average pressure on the piston during the stroke
length of piston stroke
A= area of piston stroke
n= no. of strokes per min
‘An B cylinder engine has tho following specifications:
P= 283 koa
L=16om
d= diameter of piston head
d= 14cm
N= 1500 strokes per min
c=no. of cylinders
What isthe average power output of this engine?
Aso6kw — B.120kWC. 100Ns OD. 139.4kw
SOLUTION:
A= E014)? =00184n?
Lane
83(0.16)(0.0154)(1500160},8)
139.46 kw
PROBLEM 12
What is the decrease in height of a 4 kg body whose kinetic energy increases from 20J to 100J as a result of moving
downward along an inclined plane?
A2039m —B. 1023m =. 534m. 34m
SOLUTION:
APE=AKE
gz = KE;~ KE2
(x 981)2 = 100-20
2=2.039m
PROBLEM 13
‘A 10 kg object starts from a standstil and slides without fiction down a gentle incline of 1:5. (vertical : horizontal) for a
distance of 10m, What is the decroase in potential energy?
A 173305 B. 15634J ©. 19240. 12345
SOLUTION:
sint1.31° = 2/10
221.96 m
‘Solving forthe potential energy:
PE=mz=(10x9.81)1.961) = 192.40 J
PROBLEM 14
‘A 100 kg box is dragged 70 m down the sidewalk at constant velocity. What work is done if the coefficient of sliding
friction between the box and the pavement is 0.37
A3423K) B.2434K) ©. 12.34KJ —D. 208K)
SOLUTION: PROBLEM 15
A train with mass of 8x 10° kg is traveling at 100 kmh. What isthe kinetic energy?
A 3086MJ B.1.284MJC. 2846MJ—D. 4.233 MU
SOLUTION 00 kat
v= 100 (3600) = 27.78 mis
"1000 Bea
KE Srv? = 112 x 109)27.78)?
w= 8000 ne
KE = 3086419.75 J = 3.086 MJ
PROBLEM 16
A freight car weighing 100,000 Ib is moving with a velocity of 2 fs when it strikes a bumping post. Assuming the
drawbar spring on the car to take all of the compression, what must be the scale of the spring in order that the
compression shall not exceed 2.5 in?
‘A. 20,345 per in B. 32,456 per in C. 98,356 perin D. 23,860 per in
SOLUTION:
y=25in
‘The kinetic energy released by car is equal to the energy
absorbed by spring
F
ke= F
py
1100000, _F
{000 a2 -Frasi12)
F = 59,627.33 Ibs
= 23,850.98 Ibiin
PROBLEM 17
‘Aboy pulls a sled mass of 20 kg horizontally over a surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.20. Ittakes him 10 minutes
to pull the sled 100 yards. What s his average power output over these 10 minutes?
A4aw B8w Cc 6w 0. 10w
SOLUTION:
ForcexDistance
w
Tine
(4981)0000, 3)
3281-598 wats
106
PROBLEM 18
‘A machine is capable of acceler
power output of the machine?
A Teg Bid ©. teal D.1w
ing a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s? for 1 minute, The machine runs at 60 rpm. What is the SOLUTION:
P= Force xN
P= (1x 160/60) =
PROBLEM 19
‘Arpower of 6 kw is supplied to the motor of a crane, The motor has an efficiency of 90%. With what constant speed
does the crane lit an 800 Ibf weight?
AO08cms B.O98cm/s 6. 032cms D. 152.0ms
ner ®
¢= 90%
SOLUTION:
PROBLEM 20
What isthe kinetic eneray of @ 900 Ib motoreycle traveling at 60 mph?
‘A 22,500 tb B. 80,700 C. 52,300 ftb D. 108,000 Rb
SOLUTION:
KE= 12m?
v= 60 (5280/3600) = 88 fs,
KE = 1/2 (900/32.2)(88)* = 108,223. ftibs
PROBLEM 21
Ahead hammer weighs 10. In one swing ofthe hammer, the nail is driven 0.6 inches into a wood block. The velocity
of the hammer's head at impact is 18 fs. What is the average resistance of the wood block?
A toiol —B. 2010 ~~. 18001b OD. 36001b
SOLUTION: 1s mel}
Work = KE
Fxd= 12m
F(O.6/12) = 1/2 (10/92.2)(18)¢
F = 1008.62 bs
PROBLEM 22
‘An automobile uses 100 hp to move at a uniform speed of 60 mph. What isthe thrust force provided by the engine?
‘A. 8300, B.1100Ib CG. 6251b D. 1800 1b SOLUTION:
v= 60(5280/3600) = 8 fs
100 = F868)
550
F = 625 ibs
PROBLEM 23
‘A 1000 kg car's traveling down a 25° slope. At the instant thatthe speed is 13 mi, the driver applies the brakes. What
Constant force, parallel to the road, must be provided by the brakes if the car is to stop in 90 meters?
RUBON B.S0ONC. 2800N" D. BOSON
SOLUTION: =
‘sin25° = 2/90 So
2298035
| 90m 13 m/e
12 m(ve2~ ve?) +mz=F xd
4/2(1000)(13 - 02) + 98,035(1000 x 9.81) = F (90)
F = 5084.70
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
PROBLEM 1
Determine the super elevation of the outer ral ofa railroad rack on a 10° curve to give equal soll pressure on a car
when moving with a speed of 45 mph (A 10° curve is one which a chord 100 ft long subtends and angle of 10° at the
center)
AcgR B250R C.280R 0. 1.15R
SOLUTION:
1. = radius of cure a
50K = sin 5? bs
r= S737 h
v= 4505280) 66 tus —
