Blue Book on

CO2 Monitoring Device Using Arduino

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree
of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In

ELECTRONICS &
TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
by

Charfaray Aafiya Mohammad Shoeb

Momin Mohd Hammad Abdul Hamid
Naik Sakshi Mahendra

Under the Guidance of

Er. Samana Jafri

Professor

University of Mumbai
Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering (2021-22)
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms. Charfaray Aafiya , Mr. Momin Mohd Hammad , Ms. Naik Sakshi
Are bonafide students of M. H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering, Mumbai. They have satisfactorily
completed the requirements of the PROJECT-I as prescribed by University of Mumbai while working
on “CO2 Monitoring Device Using Arduino”.

Er. Samana Jafri Dr. Mohiuddin Ahmed

(Guide) Er. Abdul Sayeed
(HOD EXTC) (Principal)

Internal Examiner: External Examiner:

Signature with Date: Signature with Date:

Name: Er. Samana Jafri Name:

Anjuman-i-Islam’s
M. H. SABOO SIDDIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Saboo Siddik Polytechnic Road, Mumbai – 400 008

PLACE: Mumbai

DATE:30/10/2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We sincerely thank our guide Er. Samana Jafri for her guidance and constant support and
also for the stick to our backs. We also thank the project coordinators for arranging the
necessary facilities to carry out the project work.

We thank the HOD, Er. Abdul Sayeed, the Principal, Dr. Mohiuddin Ahmed and the
college management for their support.

(Signature)
(Charfaray Aafiya Mohammad Shoeb (03))

(Signature)
(Momin Mohd Hammad Abdul Hamid (14))

(Signature)
(Naik Sakshi Mahendra (15))
 ABSTRACT

The level of pollution has increased with times by lot of factors like the increase in population, increased vehicle
use, industrialization and urbanization which results in harmful effects on human wellbeing by directly affecting
health of population exposed to it. In order to monitor quality of air based system is purposed. Air quality plays
very important role in safety, security, and health of the mankind. While increasing large-scale industrialization
and urbanization creates huge cities, these activities have been creating various ill-effects to the environment.
Likewise, one problem is deterioration of air quality in various Indian cities. The primary contributor to air
pollution is the particulate matter (PM2.5), causing human health issues, like asthma and other respiratory
illnesses. A study has found out that the persons inhaling particulate matter in air are at more risk of lung cancer
and comparable to non-smoker susceptible to secondhand smoke. The parameters of the environment to be
monitored are volume of CO2
 INDEX

Chapter No. CO2 Monitoring Device Using Arduino Pg. No.

List of figures I

List of Tables II

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Problem Definition
1.4 Objectives of the Project
1.5 Scope of the Project
1.6 Applications of the Project
1.7 Expected Outcome of the Project

Chapter 2 Requirement Gathering, Analysis and Planning

2.1 Requirement Specification

Chapter 3 Design Phase

3.1 Physical layout /Block Diagram

3.2 PCB Layout

Chapter 4 Conclusion
References

Appendix
A

Abbreviation and symbols

Appendix B

Definitions
 List of Figures

Figure No:1 Block Diagram Of The Project

Figure No:2 Model of The Project
Figure No:3 Circuit Diagram Of The Project
Figure No:4 PCB Layout Front And Back View
Figure No:5 PCB Layout With Dimensions

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 List of Tables
<Times New Roman 16pt Bold>

Table I: Specification Of Arduino Nano

Table II : Specification Of 16x2 LCD Module
Table III: Specification Of Resistors
Table IV: Specification Of Potentiometer
Table V : Pin connections of Arduino

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 Chapter 1

Introduction

Introduction

Air pollution is the biggest problem of every nation, whether it is developed or developing. Health problems
have been growing at faster rate especially in urban areas of developing countries where industrialization and
growing number of vehicles leads to release of lot of gaseous pollutants. Harmful effects of pollution include
mild allergic reactions such as irritation of the throat, eyes and nose as well as some serious problems like
bronchitis, heart diseases, pneumonia, lung and aggravated asthma. According to a survey, due to air pollution
50,000 to 100,000 premature deaths per year occur in the U.S. Almost every citizen spends 90% of their time in
indoor air, Outdoor air quality of the cities of developed countries improved considerably in recent decades. In
contrast to this, indoor air quality degraded during this same period because of many factors like reduced
ventilation, energy conservation and the introduction to new sources and new materials that cause indoor
pollution. The design of buildings for lower power consumption resulted in decrease of ventilation which further
decreases the quality of air inside the building. This increases the need for indoor air quality considering the
daily newspapers and any other electronic or print media, a devastating news which is spreading day by day is
people is becoming sick and the climate is changing such a way that it has become miserable for living of
people. From the aspect from top to bottom, every people are suffering the curse of climate change. The main
reason for the climate change and people health is air pollution. It has brought changes in climate-like global
warming, global dimming, over raining, drought, storms, acid rain, foggy weather etc. The living things on earth
and under water are suffering many problems like change in life due to lack of proper facilities of life. Air is the
most useful thing for each and every living thing. Researching on this serious issue this system’s main purpose
was to estimate the quality of air for people and any other living thing which exist on earth. Very important to
know for our living is that how much safe we are now and how the weather and climate has changed for air
pollution and it will sustain sound. This system will ease to know the answers for air quality.Gas sensor which
are responsible for the most air pollution mostly are being used in the system to know the condition that how
much CO2 in PPM is present in air.

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Motivation
Carbon dioxide has no color or smell, it often goes unnoticed in your home. Even though you
don’t see it doesn’t mean that it can’t hurt you. While scientists used to think that CO2 was
harmless until it reached really high concentrations (which are unrealistic outside of industrial
situations), new research indicates that this is not the case. Exposure to too much carbon dioxide
(above 1000 ppm) can have adverse effects on both your brain and sleep.

Office workers, people who work at home, and children who go to school are especially at risk
of exposure to CO2 levels greater than even 2500 ppm (way above the recommended <1000
ppm). With a CO2 monitor, you will know when CO2 levels are high enough to harm you and
take action to prevent these effects.

In a closed bedroom, CO2 levels can increase rapidly. This buildup can affect you more than you
would think and in many ways. Breathing in elevated levels of CO2 when you sleep has been
linked to discomfort while sleeping, poor sleep quality, and reduced cognitive performance in the
morning. Without a CO2 monitor, you may not know how bad the carbon dioxide gets in your
room while you sleep.

Problem Definition

To make a working model of CO2 monitoring device using Arduino

Objectives of Project

 To measure and display CO2 level in the enclosed environment.

 To combine advanced detection technologies to produce an air quality sensing system with advanced
capabilities . To provide low cost comprehensive monitoring.
 Monitor current levels as a baseline for assessment
 Check the air quality relative to standards or limit
 Detect the importance of individual sources
 Enable comparison of air quality data from different areas and countries.
 Inform the public about air quality and raise awareness.
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Scope of the project

 Interface more number of sensors to know detail content of all gases present in air.
 Design Webpage and upload data on webpage with the data and time.
 Interface SD Card to store data.
 Interface GPS module to monitor the pollution at exact location and upload on the webpage for the
citizens.

Application of project

 Indoor air quality monitoring.

 Industrial perimeter monitoring.
 Roadside pollution monitoring.

 To make this data available to common man.

Expected Outcome
The model of Co2 Monitoring Device should display the level of CO2 and also whether the CO2 level is Good
or High. The LED and Buzzer should turn on when the CO2 level, detected by MQ 135 sensor, is high.
 (03)

Figure No:2

Chapter 2
Requirement Gathering, Analysis and Planning

Requirement Gathering
Arduino Nano Board

The Arduino Uno is an open source microcontroller board based on the Microchip Atmega328P microcontroller

and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that
may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six
capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external 9
volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts.
 (04)

16X2 LCD Module

We come across Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) displays everywhere around us. Computers, calculators,
television sets, mobile phones, digital watches use some kind of display to display the time.

An LCD screen is an electronic display module that uses liquid crystal to produce a visible image. The 16×2
LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in DIYs and circuits. The 16×2 translates o a display 16
characters per line in 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in a 5×7 pixel matrix.

MQ-135 Gas Sensor :

Air quality sensor for detecting a wide range of gases, including NH3, NOx, alcohol, benzene, smoke and CO2.
Ideal for use in office or factory. MQ135 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Ammonia, Sulfide and Benze steam,
also sensitive to smoke and other harmful gases. It is with low cost and particularly suitable for Air quality
monitoring application.
 (05)

Resistors :

Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits. In
electronic circuits, resistors are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines among other uses.

Potentiometer :

Potentiometers are very useful in changing the electrical parameters of a system. These potentiometers are also commonly
called as a rotary potentiometer or just POT in short. ... These three-terminal devices can be used to vary the resistance
between 0 to 10k ohms by simply rotating the knob.

Requirement Specification :

Arduino Uno :

Microcontroller ATmega38P – 8-bit AVR family microcontroller

Operating Voltage 5V

Recommended Input Voltage for Vin pin 7 – 12V

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Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5)

Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)

DC Current on 3.3V Pins 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 kB (0.5 kB is used for Bootloader)

SRAM 2 kB

EEPROM 1 kB

Frequency (Clock Speed) 16 MHz

Communication IIC, SPI, USART

DC Current I/O Pins 40 mA

Table No: I

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 16X2 LCD Module :

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Pin No. Symbol Description

1 VSS Ground
2 VDD Power supply for logic
3 VO Contrast Adjustment
4 RS Data/ Instruction select signal
5 R/W Read/Write select signal
6 E Enable signal
7~14 DB0~DB7 Data bus line
15 A Power supply for B/L +
16 K Power supply for B/L -

Table No:II

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 MQ-135 Gas Sensor :

Model MQ135
Sensor Type Semiconductor
Standard Encapsulation Bakelite, Metal cap
Target Gas ammonia, sulfide, benzene series steam
10～1000ppm( ammonia gas, toluene, Hydrogen,
Detection range
smoke)
Loop Voltage Vc ≤24V DC
Standard Circuit Conditions Heater Voltage VH 5.0V±0.1V AC or DC
Load Resistance RL Adjustable
Heater Resistance RH 29Ω±3Ω（ room tem.）
Heater consumption PH ≤950mW
Sensor character under standard test
Sensitivity S Rs(in air)/Rs(in 400ppm H2)≥5
conditions
Output Voltage Vs 2.0V～4.0V（in 400ppm H2）
Concentration Slope α ≤0.6(R400ppm/R100ppm H2)
Tem. Humidity 20℃±2℃；55%±5%RH
Standard test conditions Standard test circuit Vc:5.0V±0.1V； VH: 5.0V±0.1V
Preheat time Over 48 hours
Table No: III

Resistors :
Resistance (Ω) 220
Tolerance(%) 350
Maximum Working Voltage (V) 350
Maximum Overload Voltage (V) 700
Temperature Co-efficient ?50 ppm/?C
Operating Temperature Range (°C) –40 to 150
Shipment Weight 0.016 kg
Shipment Dimensions 8 × 10 × 1 mm
Table No: IV

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Potentiometer :
 Type: surface mount chip

 Tolerance: ±25%

 Temperature coefficient: ±250ppm/°C @ -20°C~+80°C

 Taper: linear

 Operating voltage: 20VDC or AC RMS, max.

 Resolution: essentially infinite

 Contact resistance variation: .5% nom.

 Adjustment range: 15%~85% of rotation

 Power rating: .1W @ 70°C max.

 Rotation torque: 15~170gfcm

 Rotation: 1 turn, 260°±20°

 Weight: 0.11gm

 Temperature range: -20°C~+85°C

 Rotational life: 20 cycles

 Load life: ∆R≤5% after 500 hrs.

 Sealing: sealed for dip and wave soldering until silicone seal is removed

 Values: 500, 1K, 2K, 5K, 10K, 20K, 50K, 100K, 200K, 500K, 1M

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 Chapter 3
Design phase

Physical layout

Block Diagram

The circuit is very simple as we are only connecting the MQ-135 Sensor and 16x2 LCD module with
Arduino Nano. MQ-135 Gas Sensor and 16x2 LCD Display module both are powered with +5V and GND.
The Analog Out pin of the MQ-135 sensor is connected to the A0 pin of Arduino Nano.
The connections are shown in the below table

Table No: V

Circuit Diagram and Working

Sr No Arduino PIN MQ-135 Pin
1 5v B2
2 5v H1
3 GND H2
4 A0 A1

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 Figure No:3

 The gas sensor MQ135, Arduino Uno, 16X2 LCD, LED and buzzer are interfaced.
 A code is programed in Arduino IDE and uploaded on UNO board.
 In the code a threshold value of CO2 concentration in pp is defined.
 The concentration on CO2 is sensed by MQ135 sensor.
 The CO2 level in ppm is displayed on LCD.
 When the concentration of CO2 level sensed by the sensor is above the threshold value the lcd displays
“CO2 level: High”.
 The LED glows and a sound is created by the buzzer at the same time.
 When the concentration of CO2 level sensed by the sensor is below the threshold value the lcd displays
“CO2 level: Good”.
 In order to provide CO2 concentration above the threshold a match stick is ignited near the sensor.

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PCB Layout

Figure No:4 PCB Layout Front And Back View

Figure No:5

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 Chapter 4
Conclusions

 This research proposed a smart monitoring device that constantly keeps track of air quality in an
enclosed atmosphere and displays the air quality measured on an LCD screen the system helps to create
awareness of the Quality of air that one breathes daily. This monitoring device can deliver real-time
Measurements of air quality. The system to monitor the air of environment using Arduino
microcontroller proposed to improve quality of air. Here the using of MQ135 gas sensor gives the sense
of CO2 gas and Arduino is the heart of this project which controls the entire process and LCD is used for
the visual Output.
 The suggested model of the device can be applied to periodical or constant monitoring of the
concentration of carbon dioxide in the air in offices, schools and kindergartens, in residential buildings,
greenhouses, transport, etc., to prevent negative consequences in the human body

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References

For a paper in a Proceedings/Transactions/Journal

[1] I.I. Rastvorova. Production of flat parts from foam aluminium in
alternating magnetic field. Journal of Mining Institute, 2017, vol. 227,
рр. 569-575.
[2] Vasantha Pradeep V, Dr. V. Ilaiyaraja. ”Analysis and control the air
quality using NodeMCU”, International Journal of Advance Research,
Ideas and Innovations in Technology.

For a report in a conference record

[1] Ivanchenko, D.I.,Belsky, A.A. Transformer fault analysis using
instantaneous symmetrical components Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE
Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, ElConRus 2018.
[2] J. Silva et al.,” A Hybrid Application for Real-Time Air Quality
Monitoring,” 5th Experiment International Conference (exp.at’19),
Funchal (Madeira Island), Portugal, pp. 270-271, 2019.

For an authored book

[1] Dr. B. Sengupta,” Guidelines for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Delhi”,
NAAQMS/2003-04. Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment &
Forestes, 2003..

For a technical report

[1] Ecology and economy: reduction of the country's atmospheric pollution
// Bulletin on current trends in the Russian economy, 2017 - 20 p.

For a website
[1] Arduino. [Electronic resource]. Access mode URL:
https://www.arduino.cc/ (07.11.2018).

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 Appendix A

Abbreviation and symbols

1. Abbreviation1/Symbol1: Meaning
2. Abbreviation2/Symbol2: Meaning
3.
4.
5.
6.

Appendix B

Datasheets
 Arduino :

ArduinoNano
DataSheet (1)-converted.docx

 MQ-135 Gas Sensor :

MQ135
Datasheet-converted.docx

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