Dynamics of Rigid
Bodies
CET 0223
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA
(University of the City of Manila)
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGR. GIEZEL MARIE M. ARCEO
Procedures for getting V-t and S-t graphs using Integration
1. Identify t1 and t2
2. Identify the two given EQUATIONS of a-t graph. Acceleration equation for time, 0 to t1 and t1
to t2
3. Identify the two given VALUES of acceleration graph at time t1 and t2
4. Get the equation for V1 , leaving t1 as ‘t’. (equation of V1 as a function of t). Put also other
given values of limits of t0 and V0. 𝑉1 𝑡1
𝑉0 𝑑𝑉 =𝑡0 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
5. Solve for the value of V1, using the generated equation for V1 and by substituting the value of
t1
6. Get the equation for V2, leaving t2 as ‘t’. (equation of V2 as a function of t). Put also the
Values of V1and t1 as limits. 𝑉2 𝑡2
𝑉1 𝑑𝑉 =𝑡1 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
7. Solve for the value of V2, using the generated equation for V2 and by substituting the value of t2
8. Solve for the equation of S-t graph using the same procedure with V-t graph (step 4 to 7)
𝑠1 𝑡1 𝑆2 𝑡2
𝑠0 𝑑𝑆 =𝑡0 𝑉 𝑑𝑡 𝑆1 𝑑𝑆 =𝑡1 𝑉 𝑑𝑡
9. Draw the v-t and s-t graph using the solved values and equations.
Erratic Motion
Take the Integral
Problem 3 :
Time, t s – t graph v – t graph a – t graph
Equation (s) Equation (V) Equation (a)
1
0 to 9s 6𝑡 2
9s to 14s 4t -18
Time, t s – t graph v – t graph a – t graph
Values (s) Values (V) Values (a)
At 9s 18
At 14s 38
Erratic Motion
Problem 3 :
The rocket has an acceleration described by the graph. If it starts from rest,
construct the v-t and s-t graphs for the motion for the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤14s.
Given : Required :
a-t graph v-t graph
t0 = 0 s-t graph
t1 = 9 Equations of V-t and S-t graph
t2 = 14
1
Equations at time :
1
a=6𝑡 2
0 to t1 = 6 𝑡 2
t1 to t2 = 4t -18
Values at time :
At t1 = 18
t0 t1 t2 At t2 = 38
Erratic Motion
Take the Integral
Problem 3 :
Time, t s – t graph v – t graph a – t graph
Equation (s) Equation (V) Equation (a)
1
0 to 9s 6𝑡 2
9s to 14s 4t -18
Time, t s – t graph v – t graph a – t graph
Values (s) Values (V) Values (a)
At 9s 18
At 14s 38
Erratic Motion
Problem 3: Solve for Equation : Solve for Values :
1
From time, 0 to 9s, a = 6 𝑡 2
3
a – t graph Limits Value: V1 = 4 𝑡 m/s
2
Equation (a) V1 = ? t1 = t
V0 = 0 t0 = 0
𝑉1 𝑡1 At time 9s, t=9
6𝑡
1
2 𝑉0 𝑑𝑉 =𝑡0 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
3
𝑉1 𝑡 1
V1 = 4 𝑡 2
0 𝑑𝑉 =0 6 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2 3
1
V1 = 4 (9) 2
𝑉1 𝑡
0 𝑑𝑉 =6 0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2
3 V1 = 108 m/s
𝑡2
V=6 3
2
3
V= 4𝑡 2
Apply the limits : V1 t
3
𝑉 =4𝑡 2
0 3 0 3
V1 – 0 = 4 𝑡 – 4 (0) 2 2
3
V1 = 4 𝑡 m/s 2
Erratic Motion
Problem 3: Solve for Equation : Solve for Values :
From time, 9 to 14s, a = 4t -18
a – t graph Limits Value: V2 = 2𝑡 2 - 18t +108 m/s
V2 = ? t2 = t
Equation (a) V1 = 108 t1 = 9
At time 14s, t=14
𝑉2 𝑡2
4t -18 𝑉1 𝑑𝑉 =𝑡1 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
V2 = 2𝑡 2 - 18t +108
𝑉2 𝑡
108 𝑑𝑉 =9 (4t −18) 𝑑𝑡
𝑉2 𝑡 𝑡
V2 = 2(14)2 - 18(14) +108
108 𝑑𝑉 =49 t𝑑𝑡 − 18 9 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2 V2 = 248 m/s
V= 4 - 18t
2
V= 2𝑡 2 - 18t
Apply the limits : V2 t
𝑉 = (2𝑡 2 - 18t)
108 9
V2 – 108 = (2𝑡 2 - 18t) - (2(9)2 - 18(9))
V2 - 108 = 2𝑡 2 - 18t – 0
V2 = 2𝑡 2 - 18t +108 m/s
Erratic Motion
Problem 3: Solve for Equation : Solve for Values :
𝟑
From time, 0 to 9s, V = 4 𝒕 𝟐
5
Limits Value: 8
v – t graph S1 = 𝑡 m 2
S1 = ? t1 = t 5
Equation (V)
S0 = 0 t0 = 0
𝑠1 𝑡1 At time 9s, t=9
𝑠0 𝑑𝑆 =𝑡0 𝑉 𝑑𝑡
𝟑
4𝒕 𝟐
𝟑
𝑆1 𝑡 5
0 𝑑𝑆 =0 4 𝒕 𝑑𝑡𝟐 S1 =
8
𝑡 2
5
𝑆1 𝑡 𝟑
0 𝑑𝑆 =4 0 𝒕𝟐 𝑑𝑡 8 5
5 S1 = (9) 2
5
𝑡2
S=4 5
1944
2 S1 = m
8 5 5
S= 𝑡 2
5
Apply the limits : S1
5
t
8
𝑆 = 𝑡 2
5
0 0
8 5 8 5
S1 – 0 = 𝑡2 – (0)
2
5 5
5
8
S1 = 𝑡2 m
5
Erratic Motion
Problem 3: Solve for Equation : Solve for Values :
From time, 9 to 14s, V = 2𝑡 2 - 18t +108
2
v – t graph Limits Value: S2 = 3 𝑡 3 - 9𝑡 2 + 108t – 340 m
S2 = ? t2 = t
Equation (V) 1944
S1 =
5
t1 = 9 At time 14s, t=14
𝑆2 𝑡2
2𝑡 2 - 18t +108 𝑆1 𝑑𝑆 =𝑡1 𝑉 𝑑𝑡 2
S2 = 𝑡 3 - 9𝑡 2 + 108t – 340
3
𝑆2 𝑡
1944 𝑑𝑆 =9 (2𝑡 2 − 18t +108) 𝑑𝑡 2
S2 = 3 (14)3 - 9(14)2 + 108(14) – 340
5
𝑆2 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
1944 𝑑𝑆 =29 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 − 18 9 𝑡𝑑𝑡 +108 9 𝑑𝑡 S2 =
3712
m
5 3
𝑡3 𝑡2
S=2( ) – 18 ( ) + 108t
3 2
2
S = 𝑡 3 - 9𝑡 2 + 108t
3
Apply the limits : t
S2 2 3
𝑆 =( 𝑡 - 9𝑡 2 + 108t )
1944 3
5 9
1944 2 3 2 + 108t ) - ( 2 (9)3
S2 – 5
= ( 3
𝑡 - 9𝑡 3
- 9(9)2 + 108(9) )
1944 2 3
S2 - 5
= ( 3 𝑡 - 9𝑡 + 108t ) - 729
2
2
S2 = 3 𝑡 3 - 9𝑡 2 + 108t - 340 m
Erratic Motion
Take the Integral
Problem 3 :
Time, t s – t graph v – t graph a – t graph
Equation (s) Equation (V) Equation (a)
8 5 3 1
0 to 9s 𝑡2 4𝑡 2 6𝑡 2
5
9s to 14s 2 3
3
𝑡 - 9𝑡 2 + 108t - 340 2𝑡 2 - 18t +108 4t -18
Time, t s – t graph v – t graph a – t graph
Values (s) Values (V) Values (a)
1944
At 9s 108 18
5
3712
At 14s 248 38
3
Time, t s – t graph v – t graph a – t graph
Erratic Motion 0 to 9s
Equation (s)
8 5
𝑡2
Equation (V)
4𝑡
3
2
Equation (a)
6𝑡
1
2
5
Problem 3: 9s to 14s 2 3
𝑡 - 9𝑡 2 + 108t - 340 2𝑡 2 - 18t +108 4t -18
3
Solution : GRAPH Time, t s – t graph v – t graph a – t graph
Values (s) Values (V) Values (a)
1944
At 9s 108 18
5
3712
At 14s 248 38
3
V = 2𝑡 2 - 18t +108 2
S = 3 𝑡 3 - 9𝑡 2 + 108t - 340
V-t graph S-t graph
300 248 1500 1237.33
Velocity (m/s)
Distance (m)
200 V=4𝑡 2 8 5
108 1000 S= 𝑡2
5
100 388.8
0 500
0
0 0
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15
Time (s) Time (s)
Erratic Motion
NOTES:
Function’s rate of change is INCREASING Function’s rate of change is DECREASING
Erratic Motion
RATE OF CHANGE: 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 =
𝑌2 − 𝑌1
𝑋2 − 𝑋1
Example:
8.49−0
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = = 4.25
2−0
Function’s
1 13.42−8.49 rate of
a=6𝑡 2 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = = 1.64
5−2 change is
DECREASING
18−13.42
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = = 1.14
9−5
13.42
8.49
0
2 5
