1.

Determining if the given Relation is a Function

2. Writing the Domain the form of Set-Builder Notation and Interval Notation
3. Representing Word Problems in the Form of Function and Piecewise Function
4. Evaluating Functions
5. Operations on Functions
6. Compositions of Functions
A relations is a rule that relates values from a set of values
(called the domain) to a second set of values (called the
range).

A function is a relation where each element in the domain

is related to only one value in the range by some rule.
Example 1: ORDERED PAIRS
Which of the following relations are functions?
(a) F = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5)}
Function
(b) G = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) (3, 7)}
Not a Function
(c) G = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), . . . (n, 3n), . . .}
Function
Example 2: TABLE OF VALUES
Which of the following table of values are functions?
1) X 0 8 -2 4
Function
Y 1 1 3 5

2) x -5 -3 0 7 -5

f(x) ½ 1 0 3 4
Not Function
3) T 3 2 3
Z 0 -1 5
Not Function
4) N -½ 0 3 5 12 100 150 200 1000
M -2000 -1500 -1000 -250 -200 -12 -10 0 ½

Function
Example 3: MAPPING DIAGRAM
Which of the following diagrams represents functions?
(a) (b)

Function Function
Example 4: CARTESIAN PLANE
Vertical Ling Test – A graph represents a function if and
only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.
Which of the following graphs can be graphs of function?
(a) (b)

Function Function
Example 4: CARTESIAN PLANE
Which of the following graphs can be graphs of function?
(C)

Not Function
Example 5: EQUATION
Which of the following represents a function?
(a) y = 2x + 1
Function
(b) y = x2 – 2x + 2
Function
(c) x2 + y2 = 1
Not Function
(d) y = 𝑥 + 1
Function
Example 1: EQUATION
Write the domain in the form of set-builder and Interval notation.
(a) y = 2x + 1
{x│x Є R} and (- ∞, + ∞)
(b) y = x2 – 2x + 2
{x│x Є R} and (- ∞, + ∞)
3𝑥+12
(c) y =
𝑥 2 −25
{x│x ≠ 5 or - 5 } and (- ∞, -6] U [-4, 4] U [6, + ∞)
(d) y = 𝑥 + 1
{x│x > -1} and [-1, + ∞)
Example 1: FUNCTION FORM
Give a function C that can represents the cost of buying x
meals, if one meal costs P40.
C(x) = 40x

buying meals
meal cost
function C
Example 2: FUNCTION FORM
The fee for hiring a guide to explore a cave is P700. A
guide can only take care of a maximum of 4 persons, and
additional guides can be hired as needed. Represent the
cost of hiring guides as a function of the number of
tourists who wish to explore the cave and plot its graph.
𝒙
F(x) = P700( )
𝟒
x = number of persons
Example 3: PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile
plan, which includes 100 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 100 are charged P1 each. Represent the
amount a consumer pays each month as a function of the
number of messages m sent in a month.
Let t(m) represent the amount paid by consumer per month
t(m) = 300 if 0 < m < 100
300 + m if m > 100

no. of messages
mobile plan
Example 4: PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
A Jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 4 kilometers,
and each additional integer adds ₱1.50 to the fare.
Use a piecewise function to represent the Jeepney
fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.

F(d) = 8 if 0 < d < 4

8 + 1.5(d) if d > 4
A. Identify the following if FUNCTION or NOT FUNCTION.
1.) F = {(-2, 4), (3, 7), (3, 10), (8, 1)}
2.) G = {(0, -2), (4, 7), (-2, 1), (3, 5) (7, 7)}
3.) 4) x -3 2 1 0 10
f(x) -3 2 1 0 10
5.) 6.)

7.) y = 3x – 7 8.) y2 – x2 = 1
9.) 𝑦 + x = 2 10.) x2 + y2 = 1
B. Specify the domain of each of the following functions
using set-builder and interval notation.
1.) y = - 5x + 1

2.) y = 5 − 4𝑥
2
3.) s(t) =
𝑡 2 −9

4.) y = x2 – 3x – 4
C. Give the function of the given real life situation.
1.) The fee for hiring a guide to explore a cave is P550. A
guide can only take care of a maximum of 6 persons,
and additional guides can be hired as needed.
Represent the cost of hiring guides as a function of the
number of tourists who wish to explore the cave and
plot its graph.
D. Give the function using Piecewise Function.
1.) A Jeepney ride costs ₱9.00 for the first 5 kilometers,
and each additional integer adds ₱2.30 to the fare. Use
a piecewise function to represent the Jeepney fare in
terms of the distance d in kilometers.
A.
1.) Not Function 2.) Function 3.) Not Function
4.) Function 5.) Function 6.) Not Function 7.) Function
8.) Not Function 9.) Function 10.) Not Function
B.
1.) {x│x Є R} and (- ∞, + ∞)
2.) {x│x < 1} and (- ∞, 1]
3.) {x│x ≠ -3 or 3} and (- ∞, -4]U[-2, 2]U[4, + ∞)
4.) {x│x Є R} and (- ∞, + ∞)
C.
𝑥
1.) f(x) = 550( ), x Є N
6

D.
1.) f(x) = 9 if 0 < d < 5
9 + 2.30(d) if x > 5
It means replacing the variable in the function, in this case
x, with a value from the function’s domain and computing
for the result.

To denote that we are evaluating f at a for some a in the

domain of f, we write f(a).
Example 1:
Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5:
(a) f(x) = 2x + 1
f(1.5) = 2(1.5) + 1
=3+1
=4
Example 1:
Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5:
(b) q(x) = x2 – 2x + 2
q(1.5) = (1.5)2 – 2(1.5) + 2
= 2.25 – 3 + 2
= 1.25
Example 1:
Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5:
(c) g(x) = 𝑥 + 1
g(1.5) = (𝟏. 𝟓) + 𝟏
= 𝟐. 𝟓
Example 1:
Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5:
2𝑥+1
(d) r(x) =
𝑥−1
𝟐 𝟏.𝟓 +𝟏
r(1.5) =
𝟏.𝟓 −𝟏
𝟑+𝟏
=
𝟎.𝟓
𝟒
=
𝟎.𝟓

=8
Example 1:
Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5:
(e) F(x) = [x] + 1
F(1.5) = [1.5] + 1

= 1.5 + 1

= 2.5
Example 2:
Find g(-4) and r(1) where g and r are defined by:
2𝑥+1
(a) g(x) = 𝑥 + 1 (b) r(x) =
𝑥−1
g(-4) = (−𝟒) + 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 +𝟏
r(1) =
𝟏 −𝟏
= −𝟑
𝟑
undefined =
𝟎

undefined
Example 3:
Evaluate the following function:
(a) f(x) = 2x + 1, find f(3x – 1)
f(3x - 1) = 2(3x – 1) + 1
= 6x – 2 + 1 distributive property
= 6x – 1
Example 3:
Evaluate the following function:
(b) q(x) = x2 – 2x + 2 , find q(2x + 3)
q(2x + 3) = (2x + 3)2 – 2(2x + 3) + 2
= 4x2 + 12x + 9 – 4x – 6 + 2
= 4x2 + 8x + 5
A. Given f(x) = x – 2, find the following values:
1.) f(1) 4.) f(π)

2.) f(3) 5.) f(x + 1)

3.) f(-1) 6.) f(3x)

 4
B. Given f(x) = , find the following values:
𝑥
1.) f(1) 4.) f( 2)

2.) f(2) 5.)

1
f( )
𝑥

3.) f(-1)
6.) f(2x)
C. Given f(x) = 𝑥 − 3, find the following values:
1.) f(3) 4.) f(x – 3)

1
2.) f(4) 5.) f( )
1−𝑥

3.) f(12) 6.) f(x2 + 4x + 7)

A.
1.) -2 4.) π – 2

2.) 1 5.) x – 1

3.) -3 6.) 3x – 2
B.
1.) 4 4.) 2 2

2.) 2 5.) 4x

3.) -4 6.)
2
𝑥
C.
1.) 0 4.) 𝑥 − 6

2.) 1 5.)
3𝑥−2
1−𝑥

3.) 3
6.) │x+2│
 2 numerator
3𝑥+1 denominator
 2 𝑥−2
, Similar
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

𝑥+1 𝑥+1
, Dissimilar
2 𝑥−2
Simplest Form
6(𝑥+5)
(𝑥+1)(𝑥+5)
6(𝑥+5)
(𝑥+1)(𝑥+5)
6
𝑥+1
Simplest Form
7𝑦(3𝑥−7)
(3𝑥−7)
7𝑦(3𝑥−7)
(3𝑥−7)
7𝑦
7y
1
Simplest Form
2𝑥+4
𝑥 2 −2𝑥−15
2(𝑥+2)
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−3)
2
𝑥−3
Simplest Form
2
𝑥 −8𝑥+16
𝑥 2 +𝑥−20
(𝑥−4)(𝑥−4)
(𝑥−4)(𝑥+5)
𝑥−4
𝑥+5
 1 2
Find the sum of and .
3 5
1 1 5 6 𝟏𝟏
+ = + =
3 5 15 15 𝟏𝟓
 1 2
Find the sum of and .
𝑥−3 𝑥−5
1 2 𝑥−5 2𝑥−6 𝑥 − 5 + 2𝑥 − 6
+ = + = =
𝑥−3 𝑥−5 (𝑥−3)(𝑥−5) (𝑥−3)(𝑥−5) (𝑥−3)(𝑥−5)
3𝑥 −11
=
(𝑥−3)(𝑥−5)
 10 15
Find the product of and .
21 8
10 15 10•15 2•5•3•5 25
• = = =
21 8 21•8 3•7•2•4 28
 𝑥 2 −4𝑥−5 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
Find the product of and .
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2 2
𝑥 −3𝑥−10
𝑥 2 −4𝑥−5 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 (𝑥−5)(𝑥+1) (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
2 • 2 = •
𝑥 −3𝑥+2 𝑥 −3𝑥−10 (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2) (𝑥+2)(𝑥−5)

(𝑥+1)(𝑥−3)
=
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
Let f and g be functions.
(a) Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function
defined by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
(b) Their difference, denoted by f – g, is the function
defined by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
(c) Their product, denoted by f • g, is the function
defined by (f • g)(x) = f(x) • g(x)
(d) Their quotient, denoted by f / g, is the function
defined by (f /g)(x) = f(x)/g(x)
Example 1:
Determine the following functions with the given:

(a) (v + g)(x) (d) (p – f)(x)

(b) (f • p)(x) (e) (v/g)(x)
(c) (f + h)(x)
Example 1:
(a) (v + g)(x)
= (x2 + 5x + 4) + (x2 + 2x – 8)
= 2x2 + 7x – 4
(b) (f • p)(x)
= (x + 3)(2x – 7)
= 2x2 – 7x + 6x – 21
= 2x2 – x – 21
Example 1:
(c) (f + h)(x)
𝑥+7
= (x + 3) + ( )
2−𝑥
𝑥+3 𝑥+7
= ( )+( )
1 2−𝑥
𝑥+3(2−𝑥) 𝑥+7
= ( )+( )
2−𝑥 2−𝑥
2𝑥−𝑥 2 +6−3𝑥 𝑥+7
= ( )+( )
2−𝑥 2−𝑥
2𝑥−𝑥 2 +6−3𝑥+𝑥+7 −𝑥 2 +13
= =
2−𝑥 2−𝑥
Example 1:
(d) (p – f)(x)
= (2x – 7) – (x + 3)
= 2x – 7 – x – 3
= x – 10
Example 1:
𝑣
(e) ( )(x)
𝑔
𝑥 2 +5𝑥+4
=
𝑥 2 +2𝑥−8
(𝑥+1)(𝑥+4)
=
𝑥+4 (𝑥−2)

(𝑥+1)
=
(𝑥−2)
Example 2:
Express the given function as a sum or difference of the
function below.

2𝑥 2 +𝑥
(a) f1(x) = x2 + 3 (c) f3(x) =
𝑥−1

(b) f2(x) = x2 – 4x + 1
Example 2:
(a) f1(x) = x2 + 3

q(x) + f(x) = (x2 – 2x + 2) + (2x + 1)

= x2 + 3
= f1(x)
Example 2:
(b) f2(x) = x2 – 4x + 1

q(x) – f(x) = (x2 – 2x + 2) – (2x + 1)

= x2 – 2x + 2 – 2x – 1
= x2 – 4x + 1
= f2(x)
Example 2:
2𝑥 2 +𝑥
(c) f3(x) =
𝑥−1
2𝑥+1
f(x) + r(x) = 2x + 1 +
𝑥−1
2𝑥+1(𝑥−1) 2𝑥+1
= +
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
2𝑥 2 −2𝑥+𝑥−1 2𝑥+1
= +
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
2𝑥 2 −𝑥−1 2𝑥+1
= +
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
2𝑥 2 −𝑥−1+2𝑥+1 2𝑥 2 +𝑥
= = = f3(x)
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
Example 3:
Express the given function as a product or quotient of the
function below.

(a) g1(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 + 2x + 2

(b) g2(x) = x – 1
1
(c) g3(x) =
𝑥−1
Example 3:
(a) g1(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 + 2x + 2
f(x) • q(x) = (2x + 1)(x2 – 2x + 2)
= 2x3 – 4x2 + 4x + x2 – 2x + 2
= 2x3 – 3x2 + 2x + 2
= g1(x)
Example 3:
(b) g2(x) = x – 1
𝑓(𝑥) 2𝑥+1
= (2x + 1) ÷
𝑟(𝑥) 𝑥−1
𝑥−1
= (2x + 1) •
2𝑥+1
2𝑥+1 𝑥−1
= •
1 2𝑥+1
𝑥−1
=
1
= x – 1 = g2(x)
Example 3:
1
(c) g3(x) =
𝑥−1
𝑟(𝑥) 2𝑥+1
= ÷ (2x + 1)
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥−1
2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
= ÷
𝑥−1 1
2𝑥+1 1
= •
𝑥−1 2𝑥+1
1
= = g3(x)
𝑥−1
Let f and g be functions.
The composite function, denoted by (f ○ g), is defined by

(f ○ g)(x) = f(g(x))

The process of obtaining a composite function is called

composition of functions.
Example 1:
Find and simplify the following with given functions below:

(a) (g ○ f)(x) (c) (f ○ r)(x)

(b) (f ○ q)(x) (d) (F ○ r)(5)
Example 1:
(a) (g ○ f)(x)
(g ○ f)(x) = g(f(x))
g(2x + 1) = 𝑥 + 1
g(2x + 1) = (2𝑥 + 1) + 1
= 2𝑥 + 2
Example 1:
(b) (f ○ q)(x)
(f ○ q)(x) = f(q(x))
f(x2 – 2x + 2) = 2x + 1
f(x2 – 2x + 2) = 2 (x2 – 2x + 2) + 1
= 2x2 – 4x + 4 + 1
= 2x2 – 4x + 5
Example 1:
(c) (f ○ r)(x)
(f ○ r)(x) = f(r(x))
2𝑥+1
f( ) = 2x + 1
𝑥−1
2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
f( ) = 2( )+1
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
4𝑥+2
= +1
𝑥−1
4𝑥+2 𝑥−1
= +
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
4𝑥+2+𝑥−1 5𝑥+1
= =
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
Example 1:
(d) (F ○ r)(5)
(F ○ r)(5) = F(r(5))
2(5)+1
f( ) = [x] + 1
5−1
11 11
f( ) = [ ] + 1
4 4
3
=2 +1
4
3
=3
4
A. Given functions f and g below, find and simplify the
𝑓
following: A(f + g) ; B(f – g); C(f • g); D( ) .
𝑔
1.) f(x) = x + 2; g(x) = x2 – 4
2.) f(x) = 𝑥 − 1; g(x) = x2 + 4
𝑥−2 1
3.) f(x) = ; g(x) =
𝑥+2 𝑥

1 𝑥−2 1
4.) f(x) = ; g(x) = 5.) f(x) = ; g(x) = 𝑥
𝑥+2 𝑥 𝑥2
B. If f(x) = x2 + 3x and g(x) = x – 2, find and simplify the
following composite functions:

1.) f ○ g
2.) g ○ f
3.) f ○ f
4.) g ○ g
A.
1.) A. x2 + x – 2
B. -x2 + x + 6
C. x3 + 2x2 – 4x – 8
1
D.
𝑥−2
2.) A. 𝑥 − 1 + x2 + 4
B. 𝑥 − 1 - x2 – 4
C. 𝑥 − 1(x2 + 4)
𝑥−1
D.
𝑥 2 +4
A.
𝑥−2 1 𝑥−2
3.) A. + C.
𝑥+2 𝑥 𝑥(𝑥+2)

𝑥−2 1 𝑥(𝑥−2)
B. − D.
𝑥+2 𝑥 𝑥+2

1 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
4.) A. + C.
𝑥+2 𝑥 𝑥(𝑥+2)

1 𝑥−2 𝑥
B. − D.
𝑥+2 𝑥 (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
A.
1 𝑥
5.) A. 2 + 𝑥 C.
𝑥 𝑥2

1 1
B. − 𝑥 D.
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥
B.
1.) x2 – x – 2
2.) x2 + 3x – 2
3.) x4 + 6x3 + 12x2 + 9x
4.) x – 4