M UNIT- II + ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT |___ + NATIONAL DISASTER MANAOBMENT AUTHORITY National Disaster Management Authority, abbreviated as NOMA, is an agency f°, the Ministy of Home Affe whose primary purpos 1 fonatural aces ‘isaslers and fr eapaciy-bu Crisis responce P|NOMA was est ‘enacted by the excfficio nagement, communi sciences. The day-to-day management of the agency is overseen by the office areas such as planning, following divisions: gn the community in Toperates ops pracces, dlvers ni also equips an of also eaups ana tae deostor management NOMA also colaborstes with the Lal Bahacr Sha Academy to part ain inning and incident response. nt ie foes across the coun Welle in develop Functions and responsiody, fs mandated t lies, plans and guldelines for Disaster Manageren to oneure timely and alecive reepanes to aaastors rowards ths, has the folowing respansibves Lay down pocies on daaster management ‘Approves the National Plan ‘Approve plan prepared by the Mins or Departments ofthe Government of Inia in ‘accordance withthe National Plan {Lay doom guidelines o be flowed bythe State Ashortes in drawing up the State Pian: *+ Lay down guidstines tobe followed by th diferent Nanstes or Departments ofthe ‘Government of inci forthe Purpose of integrating the measures for prevention of disaster ‘the mitigation of ts effects in their development plans ar projets, “Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the poley and plans fr disaster su management Recommend provision of funds for the purpose of miigation: Provide such suppor fo oer counties afeced by malordsasters as may be determined by the Cantal Government Take such other measures forthe prevention of easter, or he mitigation, or preparedness and eapecty bulding for desing wih threatening disaster sivatons or dleaters a may Consider nececeay Lay down broad policies and guidelines forthe functioning ofthe National Instute of Disaster Management albany Oy ‘+ NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE ‘The National Disaster Response Forco (NDRF) is a specialized force constituted “Yor the purpose of specialist response to a threatening disaster situation or disaster” Linder the Disaster Management Act, 2005"! =" The "Apex Body for Disaster ‘Management "= in India isthe National Disaster Management ‘Authority (NOMA). The Chairman of the NOMA isthe Prime Minister“ The responsibly for cisastor management in India's federal system is that of the State Government. The ‘Nodal Minsiy’in the central government for management Of natural disasters isthe Ministry of Heme Affairs (MHA) + When ‘calamities of severe nature’ occur, the Central Government is responsible for providing aid and assistance tothe affected slate, including deploying, atthe State's request, of Armed Forces, Central Paramiltary Forces, National Disaster Response Force (NORF), and such communication, air and other assets, as ae available and needed.” + National Disaster Response Fotce (NRF) is under the National Disaster Management Authority." The head of the NDRF is designated as Director General. The Director Generals of NOR ate IPS offears on denulatns om Indian pace organisations Director General wears the uno ana et oe rank of an army three-star general. cael‘addition tothe Director General +The NORF is a top-heavy organisation which in. TGs, who fy flags and wear thas several nepector Generals (IG) and Deputy army-style badges of rank [National Disaster Response Force (NORF) isa force of 12 battalions, organised ‘on para-military ines, and manned by persons on deputation from the paramilitary forces of India three Border Securify Force, three Central Reserve Police Force, two Cental Industrial Security Force, two Indo-Tibetan Border Police and two Sashastra Seema Bal. The total strength of each battalion Is approximately {{149."" Each battalion fs capable of providing 18 sel-contained specialist search and rescue teams of 45 personnel each including va engineers, technician, electricians, dog squads and medical/paramedis. NORE in addition to being able to respond to natural cisastors has four battalions Capable of responding to radiological, nuclear, biological and chemical disasters, + NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION “The National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO) is the government agency tha Is responsibe for the management of disasters as well a8 ‘other emorgencies in Ghana, The board operates under Ghana's Ministry of interior NADMO performs spect functions which are all aimed at ensuring that in times of femergeney, the government is ready fo support reli efforts. These functions are” FUNCTIONS OF NDMO Rehabiltation services for vilims of deasters Mobilization of people at various levels of sociely to support governmental programmes {3 Ensuring the preparedness of the county in the management of disasters ‘4. Coordinating the activites of various governmental and non-governmental ‘agencies in the management of disasters. “The organization's mandate includes response to earthquakes, floods and rainstorms, and market fies. a + National Institute of Disaster Management MOM preening and capecy develo pore or managing tater CD cae non fa 9, se dcagnatt ere ese a otal aie Dar Mangere (BD the Dsobrharognen ft 20 pase ty rl asa on Janay 20088‘The Unite Nations designates the 1960s es the Inemationsl Decade fr Natural Diss, FReduion (OND) In 1808 the Misty of Agreture and Cooperation, nominal respons for dsaster management in nda, rents the National Cone for Disatex Managemen, “ner Fesponsiby for ister management was Waneterred othe Ministy of Home Aare Ve ‘Conte became tho National Inatte of Disaster Management. The Institute was ofFi8ly ‘nauguated bythe Union Home Ministe®™" on 11 August 2004 “The National Disaster Management Act f 2005 granted the netute setter ofan Slatut The Act hes the Inauteresponsibe for planing and premeting train ) Serene oe alfes ofthe sine Goergenghypoviing gic and. —*' ¢) Seer te fmt eal of sever athe ngs suppor nts Bie agement nsa4FEeployment of ata Yous, eile of Armed Pen Mil Fscnay ores prsnnel of Rana Dieter Response Force (NDI, ESGironcnrslemaas & cael cmmdites nding meal ores, restoration {eal intact ies nln communist ewok an such ether asst as erate vac tue Sms teheate suaienetecey)—) fy) Jetion esearch ia (NOMA —a8 per OM Act 2006, guidelines Division of MIA closely monitors the aera dst hesitation to faite sate intrention in frm of logit an fancal spo by the Goverment of nda to augent treresoutes ofthe atte Stes and Us to deal eetively wih each dase sittin. Fo ‘spo velit nach he aed Ses nt oe nde ones Canal ine insti sich as Minstyof Heth, Minty of Defence Minis of Cv Aviation, Food and Civil Supplies ete on the other, - fowl + ROLE OF STATE GOVI (ste comcor a sap oth ee he responsibility to formulate the Goyernments lity is essentlly that of the concerned State Govegnment. However, the Canal Govenmen, wh enuresis and Gna oes pode he nes lp Qua Who atu, thw mile oud rnanomylbuiter Cowboy ¥ oi aby a dhs Bate goede ond Dy “acousieh nabs Lvakeaiony vw Se sos Alias torn ent Y hoa aaodychiony Costin. Morsouperaunt +3 Tans + Corwoutyten)"4 & nd asistance to bute li ef nth theresponc atthe pot fi ters Inthe absence ot he Eitan atte om cata ea '< Vhrough Cottectr 1 }€ Through Cotectors or Deputy Can ° rc ile pina fei Corts enon emg laters and in devel ‘operations inthe event of na measures. The State Government's efforts are supplem ‘ecommendatons of the Finance Commission’) + ROLE OF DISTRICT ADMINSTRATION ‘The dsuict Administration is the foal pont fo eld level organizations, Its responsible for 2) =. tnplementation ofall goverament contingency pags, Considerable owes have eeTre BEE wrested upon the District Colla o cary out operations in the shortest possible He 17 Preparedness and Response, g (tet rnnistration inthe county i cequired to prepare an advance Contingency Plan depending on the type of dsatr ike to let he dist Conngency Pans et alow ly which compeses type of preparedness, the relief material. mngemed departments that need to work together and provide, >) «(iat Maisie exec cooing and speriery gpa ci funnel (@)_Vhedeparinents at te hi lve! ni event of emergence Dury ata spans ©) glist mitigation or rele, te powers o te Collector ae eonsderably enhanced generally, {W) © standing instevetions or orders on the subect, or by specific Governments ordes, iso required Sometimes, the administve culture ofthe Sai concerned peril althoagh informal ie collector to exercise higher powers in emergency situations andthe deisions ae ltr fed by ‘the comptent authority + ROLE OF ARMED FORCES IN DISASTER MANAGMENT (the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is a specialised force constituted “for (D < the purpose of specialist response to 9 threatening disastor situation or deastey" ander the Disaster Management Act, 20 \wex Body for Disaster Managementin India isthe ipagement Authority (DMA). The Chairman of the NOMA ig the Prime Minister.) — ~ oe Ge evens fr laser management in nd’ federal syste @_ < Sowament the Noda vinistyin the cenral government ermanageres ae ee Seater tie Minty of Home Aas (HAY cnVIG Rao ting. 1) Paden) ; sans bat or SCRE Ss » Storw bat ‘tgudats, Sewsitay —{ " PON oTTBF Cada Newry Combat Rane (yA roast (ip pain lien Fou) Tower) Tenors Borden wr ones soma nat ee the Conta Sn eae op) roving ai ad ssltance ot ing wor plying a he Sata feast. of med Forces, Cental Prema Fates, Nana eater Reapoee —) Fee (PRP, and such communication a ahd oe eens, ar .- Generals of NORF are IPS officers on ‘deputation from Indian police organisations, > er rector General wears the uniform an badges of rank ofan army three-star general) badges of rank.! fvatonai Disaster Response Force (NDRF) ina foro of 12 bation, orgs SE TTT are Ea eniiay - @) forces of ia ttrce Border See force tee Gaal Reserve Pelce For ciatalSecuniy Fores, wo ngerPbetan Border Poice and two Sashasta See al strength of each battalion is approximately 1149!" Each bal iSSapaoie of provcing 18 sttcotaiod special tearch and rescue ears of 45. seromel och lg eas cians slr, oy sab : Ribtealporamedies 1" 34 ! IORF in ation to being able to respond to natural dsasters hi | ‘capable of respanding {o radiological, nuclear, biological and chemical lsasters.) ROLE AND RESPONSIBLITIES OF POLICE IN DISAS’ jan-made disasters such as bomb explosions and arson cause a sense ‘uinerabilily. Natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, tornadoes and fires all calise Specific damage and chaos) strong police presence in both — ftions may help ease fears and help prevent others from taking advantage atthe situation. y, poly of poli Wo ag palovd= ¥ Crowd Control :Disaster situations draw crowds. There are people hoping for a glimpse of the unfolding drama. Family members and friends of the victims show up, hoping to glean information about their loved ~ ‘ones, The people involved in the situation also mill around, sometimes While injured or in shock. The police cordon off areas and work to keep Growds under control. ¥ Public Safety:Officers might go from house to house searching for the injured or those who need help. They can offer transportation, emergency medical care and be a bridgé between citizens and rescue Bersonnel. They can check credentials and identification to see if someone réally needs to be in the area. They may warn people when electric wires are on the ground, when dangerous pests are lurking of when unstable people are nearby. n 0/ Directing Traffic: Many disasters wipe out if Joc, making an unsafe sitvation for afc and pedestrian can close unsafe roads where owed wires, trees oF flood situations might make vavel unsafe. They direct citizens {Hrough norworking trafic lights, They ceroute random trafic o safer roads and ry 10 keep out all unnecessary trafic. They adblocks in the areas where the crisis 18 underway. ROLES AND RESPONSIBLITIES OF PARA MILITARY FORCE IN DISASTER MANAGMENT “The 21st century has seen an increasing number of natural disasters with alarming intensity the 2001 Bhuj earthquake: the 2004 teunamy: the 2005 earthauek, Kachmiy; heavy rainfall in Mumbai in 2006; the 2008 Binar Kost river flood: ‘August 2040 cloud burst in Len, tne Seplombor 2011 Sikkim earthquake: and, ore seo inoue. the unprecedented flash floods and clousursts in Garton, pars Hutson and Nepal, and Kinmaur ropion of Himachal Pradesh. Each of {hes Sone ecer the aclve InvoWement of the armed forces in the relet operations poration. mary tak i to guard the nation’s borders. In matters domestic. Th ay ayy be a second respondent, except in the case of chemical Blologial, adological and nuclear incidences. Clog at aoe acvnciple fs rast {o enter and frst to leave”. However, when rheoreticaly. i tpt, tis doesnot seem tobe the case, According {0 he theory is matched ne Commissions, the military needs to be taken off from the ‘Administrative Reforagement gradvaly. Wie tmay sound sensible on pape. i is 1000 oF ae an gactce_ The cil administration is usualy not property gbared 201 aly Pease reepanee it eeds tobe noted that dscipine and efitency i the up for a eect eorer response and role (asks, which are often dangerous frst demand in diene iy the mitary brings in order in post-disaster operations rr a ais danger, the military has a consitulional duy to undertake tasks Wherever there vargauired wherewithal Including the command, control and 2nd ioe oe uallgle. withthe fleld formations. Preparing for military con a ye inan wat (MOOT), of which disaster Is the main component will bec eral part of milry training pe crea Novernment fs avare of the urgent need for belter disaster response Thawte ee overall end has Indicated thal the level of preparedness at both ech well ae the states Is inadequate. The nodal agency for coordination of A eine conve and overall natural disaster management is under the Central Tarek y of Home Alar However, wien any disaster breaks, itis the Armed forces eae he: Ministy of Defence that is called upon to intervene as an ‘aid to civil authority. + ROLE AND RESPONSIBLITIES OF _ INTERN, ORGANISATIONS IN DISASTER MANGAMENT ATIONAL| Qe Deaoner ys Leduclvon) — 0 rations Inter (oes nde for Natural Dis ato rorum adopted the Gs ears docu The Forum recommen set fr disaster reduction be maintain in December 1999, General Assembly Resoluti In Decor the secretariat of the International Deca aac Assembly resolution 56/195 mandated the secreta aoe ated Nations System forthe coordination of disaster reduet ian regan the disaster reduction activities ofthe United Nation Systems and ae anfantions and activities in socio-economic and humanitarian ld qn 2005; the assembly, through resolution 60/395, endorsed the” Hyogo Declaration” ra iogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and antes to Disaster” adopted bythe wotld conference on Disaster Reduction, held fn Kobe, yoge, dpa, The Hyogo Framework for Action has tasked the ISDR eect wath suppertig te implementation forthe strategic objectives identified therein. jon 54/219 created the UNISDR, as & for Natural Disaster Reduction, riat to serve as the focal point fr reduction and to ensure ¥ Missi nin order to build the resilience of nations and communities to disasters throu te impementtion of hee, the UNISDR strives to catalyze, Haare mbilice the commitment and resgurces of national, regional and™> fcr aabtliesef he SDK ye Xe msn of ONIEDR tbe sect coordinator ana ulde all ts 1SDICpariners, soba and regionals, oe oils pollical and fiance commitments to disaster risk redvtion and Hyogo oF for Action 2005-2015: Building the Reslenc af Nations and Communities Disasters (0 Bava ad ustain a robust, mult stake-hokder system; + Provide lant TSS a Glace Functions and Rcoponsiiltcs(the Intemational Strategy for Disaster. PMUAR® Reduction (ISDR) was adopted by United Nations Member Sates in 2000 and is. POMC lly cal, national, reonal and iternational organisations. UNISDR is led Secretar Genera for Disaster Risk Reution and averseen by 5 () Under Secretary-Ceneral for Humanitarian Affairs, who also serves as forthe wider ISDE sjstem of parinershipd The rhardate of UNISDR Fas the Focal point in the United Nations syste fo the coordinalion of Asaster reduction and to ense that disaster rsk reduction becomes Tatgral fatto sound and equitable development environmental protectin and , aon) — & . ‘mechanisms: The various mechanisms have been developed to ach mission which are eniimerated as follows: Pen achiev the sien ite tt etn rm ar main SS URSISSR Sandan an sto tr uctin Spent ogress made in theye | {Beasts Regional platforms for disaster isk reduction, including aining gaps and necessary ‘Management in India isterial ‘meetings, led by regional inter-governmental organisations. {,ASan Inter-Agency Group it acts asa venue for ISDR system joint work programming ‘among the participating organisations (currently FAO, 1FRC, ILO, OCHA, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, WHO, WMO and the World Bank). Thematic platforms led by UN specialised agencies or technical institutions provide knowledge oducts and help to report on developments (for instance early warning, recovery, education, risk identification) ete. + The Under-Seeretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs also convenes a Management Oversight Hoard with his pees (rom OCHA; UNDP representing UNDG; the World Bank; WMO; UNEP; and FRC). This Board supports the Chair in providing UN system- ‘wide lendership and highlevel advocacy fo disaster risk reduetion. + Several stakeholder groups and networks associated with ISDR — among them include Scientific Technical Committee, Global NGO Network for DRR, Gender-and-Disasters, ‘media groupings, an emerging Parliamentarian Network and member state, which participate actively in ISDR, ate called upon in GA and HFA resolution to establish mul stakeholder national platform for disaster risk reducliva to facilitate coordination across sector > ROLES OF NGO'S IN DISASTER MANGMENT 1)19! Non-governmental organizations—al: called nongovernmental or nongovernment ‘organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, afe usually non-profit and sometimes intemational organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often fimded by §) <= governments)i® that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, Buble plicy, socal human ight, environmen and ober areas to effect hanges according to their objectives. They are thus a subgroup ofall organizations founded by citizens, which include elubs and ater associations tha provide servers, benefits, and premises only to ‘The role ofthe NGO's during disaster is to have quick response and to ‘and save as many lives as itean with the given funds. NGOS clea supdveldow Fespocetositustions because dows no need Wo san Sos Zasundeiaon in celone Ail afected areas in West Beal or okt see jovernmental Organization on disaster management. The mai in role ° Pesfrmed bythe NGOs were providing eet fatera ore heath vole a ree Opstin, arranging tempera aS Thefndngs ofthe study conclude thatthe peopleof the dicater ec(i) < ae. -aea should inform the details ofthe disaster suficiently ahead. Friends and ives followed by electronic and print media were the better source of (2) ~ ~ Information about occurrence of disasters. {rhe study also found that the role (3) ofthe NGOs in disaster management were providing relief materials, involvement in reseue operations, arranging temporaty shelters; organize health camp and developing communication facilities. NGO aise provided leaining and education tothe children (s¢- Khalsa Aid which isan international non-profit aid and relief organisation founded on the Sikh principles of selfless service and universal love but their aid is not just limited to Sith community, itis worldwide, 1) in rity with the UK Charities. + Rand in soyy tea UK Regeterd Chay with he mission a alo as voters NOU Amngrca and kn a cle nena has provided relief assistance to vietims of ‘events around the world, ROLE AND RESPONSIBLITIES OF CBO'S wht od elo ( Community based organizations (CBOs) are nonprofit groups that work at a local level {10 improve life for residents. The focus is to build equality across society in’all streams ~ ty of education, access to technology, access to spaces health care, environment, q ‘and information for the disable | Gommunity-based disaster management (CBDM) is an approach to building the ty of communities to assess their vulncrability to both human induced and natural necessary to prevent and/or mitigate the ied, to name but a fow. pacity hazards and develop strategies and resources {impact of identified hazards as well as respond, rehabilitate, and reconstruct following its onset.) “ isly important in the face of global climate ‘into more vulnerable regions, and the iges between top-down governmental nities to be pro-active in lop strategies on their own, iments arid NGO's.) Yt) CBDM strategies have become increasin, ‘change; inereased populations expanding, heightened recognition of a need for greater linkay and community level responses. (BDM empowers commun disaster management and creates a space for them to devel {erms rather than waiting for already overstretched govern