Computer Graphics and Visualization
18CS62
Introduction
•What is Computer Graphics?
•Applications
•Graphics packages
What is Computer Graphics?
Computer Graphics is concerned with all
aspects of producing pictures or images
using a computer.
Text Books
1. Donald Hern & Pauline Baker: Computer Graphics with OpenGL, 3rd
Ed
2. Edward Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics- A Top Down
Approach with OpenGL, 5th Ed
Discussion regarding syllabus
Module 1: Overview- Computer Graphics and OpenGL
Module 2: Fill area Primitives, Geometric Transformations and 2D
viewing
Module 3: Clipping, 3D Geometric Transformations, color and
Illumination models
Module 4: 3D viewing and visible surface detection
Module 5: Input & interaction, curves and animation
What you will learn in 18cs62
Fundamentals of computer graphics algorithms
◦ The ideas behind most of the applications just shown
Basics of real-time rendering
Basic OpenGL
C/C++ programming
Prerequisites
How much math?
linear algebra, differential equations, splines, matrix ……
Basics of computer
programming???
Assignments
1. Quiz
2. Writing exercise
3. Practical exercise
Projects
Continuous learning
Applications of Computer Graphics
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Presentation Graphics
Computer Art
Entertainment (animation, games, …)
Education & Training
Visualization (scientific & business)
Image Processing
Graphical User Interfaces
1.Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Used in design of buildings, automobiles, aircraft,
watercraft, spacecraft, computers, textiles & many
other products
Objects are displayed in wire frame outline form
Software packages provide multi-window
environment
Graphics design package provides standard
shapes (useful for repeated placements)
Animations are also used in CAD applications
Realistic displays of architectural design permits
simulated “walk” through the rooms (virtual
-reality systems)
2.Presentation Graphics
Used to produce illustrations for reports or
generate slides for use with projectors
Commonly used to summarize financial,
statistical, mathematical, scientific, economic
data for research reports, managerial reports &
customer information bulletins
Examples : Bar charts, line graphs, pie charts,
surface graphs, time chart
Examples of presentation graphics
Examples of presentation graphics
Examples of presentation
graphics
3.Computer Art
Used in fine art & commercial art
Includes artist’s paintbrush programs, paint
packages, CAD packages and animation
packages
These packages provides facilities for
designing object shapes & specifying object
motions.
Examples : Cartoon drawing, paintings,
product advertisements, logo design
Examples :
Computer Art
Electronic painting
Picturepainted electronically on
a graphics tablet (digitizer) using a stylus
Cordless, pressure sensitive stylus
Morphing
A graphicsmethod in which one object is
transformed into another
4.Entertainment
Movie Industry
Used in motion pictures, music
videos, and television shows.
Used in making of cartoon
animation films
Slide information from Leonard McMillian's slides
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~mcmillan/comp136/Lecture1/compgraf.ht
ml
Computer Graphics is about animation
(films)
Game Industry
Focus on interactivity
Cost effective solutions
Avoiding computations and
other tricks
5.Education & Training
Computer generated models of physical,
financial and economic systems are used
as educational aids.
Models of physical systems, physiological
systems, population trends, or equipment
such as color-coded diagram help trainees
understand the operation of the system
Specialized systems
used for training
applications
simulators for practice
sessions or training of
ship captains
aircraft pilots
heavy equipment
operators
air traffic-control
personnel
Training
6.Visualization
Scientific Visualization
Producing graphical representations for
scientific, engineering, and medical data
sets
Scientific Visualisation
above
Business Visualization is used in
connection with data sets related to
commerce, industry and other non-
scientific areas
Techniques used- color coding, contour
plots, graphs, charts, surface renderings &
visualizations of volume interiors.
Image processing techniques are
combined with computer graphics to
produce many of the data visualizations
7. Image Processing
CG- Computer is used to create a picture
Image Processing – applies techniques to
modify or interpret existing pictures such as
photographs and TV scans
Medical applications
Picture enhancements
Tomography
Simulations of operations
Ultrasonics & nuclear medicine scanners
2 applications of image processing
Improving picture quality
Machine perception of visual information
(Robotics)
To apply image processing methods
Digitizea photograph (or picture) into an image file
Apply digital methods to rearrange picture parts to
enhance color separations
Improve quality of shading
Tomography – technique of X-ray photography that
allows cross-sectional views of physiological systems
to be displayed
Computed X-ray tomography (CT) and position
emission tomography ( PET) use projection methods
to reconstruct cross sections from digital data
Computer-Aided Surgery is a medical application
technique to model and study physical functions to
design artificial limbs and to plan & practice surgery
8.Graphical User Interfaces
Major component – Window manager (multiple-window areas)
To make a particular window active, click in that window (using an
interactive pointing device)
Interfaces display – menus & icons
Icons – graphical symbol designed to look like the processing
option it represents
Advantages of icons – less screen space, easily understood
Menus contain lists of textual descriptions & icons
Graphics packages
A set of libraries that provide programmatically
access to some kind of graphics 2D functions.
Types
GKS-Graphics Kernel System – first graphics package
– accepted by ISO & ANSI
PHIGS (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive
Graphics Standard)-accepted by ISO & ANSI
PHIGS + (Expanded package)
Silicon Graphics GL (Graphics Library)
Open GL
Pixar Render Man interface
Postscript interpreters
Painting, drawing, design packages
