Construction and Surveying Laboratory

Department of Civil Engineering – Faculty of Engineering

Universitas Indonesia

Members : 1. Muhammad A. A. Rahman - 2106658490

2. Arijuddin Adi Prayoga – 2106658383

3. Adly Naufal – 2106658244

4. Jasper Lightart – 2206022544

Group : 28

Practicum Date : Thursday, 6 October 2022

Practicum : 04 – Staking Out

Assistant : Rubby Anistia

Approval Date :

A. PURPOSE
The aim of this experiment is to locate the stack using the instructor's provided
coordinates.

B. THEORY

For this module's procedure, the first step entails setting up the total station, which
serves as the main instrument for measuring angles and distances, as well as the leveling
staff, a measuring tape, a tripod, an umbrella to cover the total station, and the final four
stakes for marking the point on the ground. The next step is to position the total station at the
benchmark point and choose the object we want to measure after having all the necessary
materials ready. In the third phase, the total station and tripod are set up, and the inclination
level of the total station is adjusted using the Nivo bubble and the tripod until it is balanced.
After that, we used a measuring tape to determine the total station's elevation. Once the
balancing procedures have been completed, we run the total station by turning it on and
adjusting the vertical angle to 90 degrees. After that, we pointed the total station at the
leveling crew, which was in the location of our initial try.
 Construction and Surveying Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering – Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Indonesia

Figure 1. Staking Out Illustration

Source: Modul Praktikum Pemetaan

BM = Benchmark
A = Point A
B = Point B
TS = Total Station
AB = Staking Out Distance (m)

C. PRACTICUM DATA
A table like the one below can be created using the data gathered.
Table 1. Observation Data of Staking Out
 Construction and Surveying Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering – Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Indonesia

Objects Northing (N); m Easting (E); m

Point from TS to BM +3,603 +2,549

Point from BM to TS -3,603 -2,549

TS to A (target) +2,122 +17,786

TS to B (target) -10,081 +18,449

TS to A Trial 1 +2,17 +17,895

(actual) Trial 2 -0,117 +17,248

TS to B Trial 1 -10,096 +19,027

(actual) Trial 2 -10,043 +18,474

Source: Group 30 Observation (2022)

D. DATA PROCESSING

From the above data, the first calculation is made to calculate the distance AB, from the
Benchmark (BM) which is the point (0,0). With the first and second calculation
calculated then to compare with the first calculation. The Northing (N) measurement can
be converted to x and the Easting (E) measurement can be converted to y in the formula.
The basic formula for this calculation is as shown below:
̅𝐴̅𝐵̅= √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

a) AB distance from Benchmark (BM)

̅𝐵
𝐴̅ = √(−10,081 – 2,122)2 − (18,449 − 17,786)2

= 12,18498 m
 Construction and Surveying Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering – Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Indonesia

b) AB distance (first trial)

̅𝐵
𝐴̅ = √(−10,096 – 2,17)2 − (19,027 − 17,895)2

= 12,21365 𝑚

c) AB distance (second trial)

̅𝐵
𝐴̅ = √(−10,043 – 0,117)2 − (18,474 − 17,248)2

= 10,08576 𝑚

Avg. 1st and 2nd trial = 11,149705 m

d) Error (%)
Hactual – Htarget
1) 1st trial Error = | | × 100%
𝐻𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡
= 12,21−12,185
( ) × 100%
12,185

= 0,2 %

Hactual – Htarget
2) 2nd trial Error = | | × 100%
𝐻𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡
= 10,09 −12,19
( ) × 100%
12,19

= 17,23 %

Hactual – Htarget
3) Avg. Error =| | × 100%
𝐻𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡
11,15−12,19
= ( ) × 100%
12,19

= 8,53 %

Table 2.1 Data results

 Construction and Surveying Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering – Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Indonesia

Objects Distance (m) Error (%)

AB (target) 12,18 -

AB (actual) 1st trial 12,21 0,2

AB (actual) 2nd trial 10,09 17,23

AB (actual) Avg. 11,15 8,53

Source: Group 30 Calculations (2022)

E. ANALYSIS
Experiment Analysis
The objective of this experiment is to determine the stakeout, or horizontal distance between
two sites A and B. To ensure that there is little inaccuracy in the measurements, the total
station must first be leveled with nivo bubbles before taking them. To ensure accurate
northing (N) and loosening, the total station must be calibrated so that the 0°0'00" angle is
true to north before measuring the points (E). Next, measure the total station's N and E
readings at positions A and B. To compare the theoretical and actual results, the error can be
determined using a standard formula and then expressed as a percentage.
Result Analysis

The total station and the reference point (BM) measured the initial AB distance at 12,18
meters. While the results of the first and second tests are 12,21 and 10,09 meters,
respectively. The test results can be averaged whenever needed. The first attempt was more
accurate and reliable than the second, as seen by the errors of 0.2% for the first attempt and
8.53% for the second.

Error Analysis
 Construction and Surveying Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering – Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Indonesia

1) An error on setting the total station.

2) Deviation in data which can occur because of unsuitable field conditions.

F. APPLICATION

This test is used in civil engineering to gauge the horizontal distances between
buildings and other field-based structures. Manual measurements are rarely necessary with a
complete station, which can be risky, time-consuming, and incorrect.

G. CONCLUSION

From the data analysis, we can conclude that:

1) Total stations may be used to find vertical and horizontal distance between
two points.
2) The horizontal distance between A and B are 13,032 m for the first trial.
3) The horizontal distance between A and B are 13,192 m for the second trial.
4) The relative error of the first trial is 7,5 % and 8,12 % for the second trial.
5) The first trial is the better result as it has a smaller error percentage.

H. REFERENCES
Modul Praktikum Pemetaan. (2022). Laboratorium Konstruksi dan Pemetaan
Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Indonesia. Depok, Jawa Barat.
 Construction and Surveying Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering – Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Indonesia

I. APPENDIX