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Complex Structures

Adverb clauses, noun clauses, and adjective clauses are complex sentence structures that add information to a main clause. [1] Adverb clauses begin with subordinators like "while" or "because" and provide details about time, reason, or condition. [2] Noun clauses function as subjects or objects using subordinators like "that" or "when". [3] Adjective clauses add description to nouns using subordinators like "who", "which", or "where".

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51 views2 pages

Complex Structures

Adverb clauses, noun clauses, and adjective clauses are complex sentence structures that add information to a main clause. [1] Adverb clauses begin with subordinators like "while" or "because" and provide details about time, reason, or condition. [2] Noun clauses function as subjects or objects using subordinators like "that" or "when". [3] Adjective clauses add description to nouns using subordinators like "who", "which", or "where".

Uploaded by

Arfan Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Complex structures

Adverb clauses
Adverb clauses are dependent clauses which work as adverbs. They can show a number of different
relationships between the clauses in the sentence. They begin with a subordinator which is the word which
signifies the relationship. For example:

Type of relationship Subordinators Example


while, even though, Even though he injured his arm, he played at
Contrast
although, whereas the match.
when, before, after, while, I managed to arrive home before it started to
Time
as rain.
because, as I don’t want to go to the movies because I feel
Reason
really tired.
if, as long as, unless As long as you finish your homework, you can
Conditional
go to the park.

Hypothetical questions are common in Part 3 of the test. For this, you can use one of the following
conditional structures using the subordinator if.

Type of conditional Structure Example


S + V (present simple) + if +
Zero If it rains, tennis lessons are cancelled.
S (present simple) + V
S + V (future simple) + if + S
First I will visit my parents after work if I have time.
(present simple) + V
S + (would) V + if + S (past
Second I would buy a car if I had enough money.
simple) + V
S + (would have) V (past
If I hadn’t been unwell, I would have gone to
Third participle) + if + S (past
the beach.
perfect) + V

Noun clauses
Noun clauses are dependent clauses which function as nouns. Like nouns, they can be subjects or objects
in sentences. Common noun clauses are as follows:

Subordinator Example
That I know that some sportsmen and sportswomen make a lot of
money.
When I do not know when the university term starts.
How I am not sure how university education will change in the future.
Where I don’t know where the test will take place.
Adjective clauses
Adjective clauses are dependent clauses which function as adjectives and provide extra information about
a noun. Examples:

Type of noun described Subordinator Example


The person who I talked to on the phone did not
Person who/that
really understand my question.
I don’t understand the technology which is used in
Thing which/that
the courses.
The company where I work employs more than one
Place where
hundred people.
The reason why I am taking the IELTS test is because I
Reason why
want to go to university.

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