FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY

Department of Computer Science

OperatingSystem
Lab Manual

Fatima Jinnah Women University,

Rawalpindi

Operating System
BCS-132

SIDRA ZAHID
2019-BCS-043
19-20911-043@cs.fjwu.edu.pk

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER (BCS)

Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi
www.fjwu.edu.pk

LAB TASK

o What is difference between FAT / NTFS / Ext3.0

2020-21

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 FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY
Department of Computer Science

 FAT:
FAT32 stands for File Allocation Table. FAT32 is an extension of previous file systems in which data is
stored in blocks of 32 bits. FAT32 is an improved version of FAT16 designed to overcome the
limitations of FAT16 and add support for larger media. FAT32 was used in older versions of operating
systems such as Windows 95 up to Windows XP.

Advantages:

 FAT32 works efficiently below 200 MB partitions.

 FAT32 provides compatibility with various operating systems.

 FAT32 is often used as the primary partition on multi-boot systems.

 NTFS:
NTFS stands for New Technology File System. It was first introduced in 1993 and is used in newer
versions of operating systems such as Windows NT and 2000 and newer versions of Windows. NTFS
is a more robust, high-performance logging file system with multi-user access control, ACLs, and many
other things that make it convenient to work with an operating system that has protection. NTFS
includes features such as data recovery, multi-streaming, fault tolerance, security, extended file size
and file systems, UNICODE names. exFAT is used where NTFS is not possible due to its data
structure overhead, but a larger file size limit is needed than the standard FAT32 file system.

Advantages:

 NTFS is highly secure as it prevents unauthorized access to file contents by enforcing the
Encryption File System (EFS).
 NTFS works well even on partitions over 400 MB in size.
 NTFS is less prone to fragmentation.

 Ext3.0:
 Ext3 stands for Third Extended File System. Ext4 stands for Fourth Extended File System. It
was introduced in 1993.
 The maximum file system size for RHEL 5.3, Ext3, is 16 TB. The maximum file size for Ext3 is
2 TB.
 ext3, or third extended file system, is a journaled file system commonly used by the Linux
kernel. It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions.
 In Ext2/3, files have an owner and an owner group. There are three sets of permissions for
each file, for the owner, the owner's group, and anyone else, and the permissions are read, write,
and execute. You can get more details on this from the chmod man.

 The owner is stored as a 16-bit integer (could be 32, not exactly sure). The ls command and
other commands look up the username/group name as needed in /etc/passwd. Such commands
will display this number if they cannot find the user in /etc/passwd. 0 is always root. You would
notice this if you inserted a disk into your current Linux system from another Linux system.
 Ext3 also has support for extended attributes. I haven't played with them much.

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 FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY
Department of Computer Science

o Differentiate CLI & GUI

The main difference between GUI and CLI is that Graphical User Interface (GUI)
allows the user to interact with the system using graphical elements such as windows,
icons, menus, whereas Command Line Interface (CLI) allows the user to interact with
the system. using commands.
CUI is the predecessor of GUI and the user has to type on the keyboard to continue in
CUI.
In contrast, a GUI allows you to use a mouse instead of a keyboard. DOS, Windows
Command Prompt is an instance of CUI while Windows is an instance of GUI.
GUI is more user friendly than CUI.
It is a user interface where the user interacts with the computer exclusively using the
keyboard and requires a command to perform any task. In contrast, a GUI allows
users to interact with the operating system or application.
CUI is the predecessor of GUI and the user has to type on the keyboard to continue in
CUI. In contrast, a GUI allows you to use a mouse instead of a keyboard.
DOS, Windows Command Prompt is an instance of CUI while Windows is an instance
of GUI.
GUI is more user friendly than CUI.
CUI has only text and in contrast GUI contains graphics and other visual cues.
CUI and GUI are user interfaces used in conjunction with computers.

o Implement DOC Commands with output screen short as per task document No 2.
Ver:

Dir:

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Department of Computer Science

Dir/s windows:

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Department of Computer Science

Dir

dir /p

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Department of Computer Science

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Department of Computer Science

dir /w

dir /w /p

cd \

md fruit

Dir

cd fruit

md grapes

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Department of Computer Science

Dir

cd grapes

cd ..

rd grapes

Dir

c:

dir c:\windows

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Department of Computer Science

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Department of Computer Science

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Department of Computer Science

cd\

cd windows

dir notepad.exe

copy c:\windows\notepad.exe c:\fruit

dir \fruit

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Department of Computer Science

C:\FRUIT>

Dir

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Department of Computer Science

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Department of Computer Science

dir *.old

cd \

Dir

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Department of Computer Science

rd fruit

dir /p

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