@®eeeee¢ee Section 2 Structure and Written Expression ‘Time: 25 minutes Now set your clock for 25 minutes. ‘This scction is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written Fnglish There are two types of questions in thie eection, with apecial directions for each type. STRUCTURE Directlony: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Heneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the onc word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen, Example I Sample Answer Deo®d Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes Earth’s surface. (A) despite (B) becanse: (© in regard to (D) asa result of both emit hot liquids from below The sentence should read: “Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because both emit hot liquids from below Earth’s surface.” Therefore, you should choose (B). Example I Sample Answer S2ec©e During the early period of ocean navigation, ---— any need tor sophisticated instruments and techniques. (A) so that hardly (B) when there hardly was (© hardly was (D) there was hardly ‘The sentence should read: “During the early period of ocean navigation. there was hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.” Therefore, you should choose (D). NOW BEGIN WORK ON THE QUESTIONS. es _____ 12 Official Guide to the TOEFISITP Test L AHOMAGSPS HS SAMHSA HS SDM APM. SM HSM PPPS PDS SHH HF OMOMNDAAHRAABBEAé NM Mobb ooh Ae ht th WSN Uh Uhh hth Mh Complete TOEFL ITP Prai Tourism is -—-— leading source of income for many coastal communities. (Aya @B) at (© then (D) none Although thunder and lightning are produced at the same time, light waves travel faster so we see the lightning before we hear the thunder. (A) than sound waves do (B) than sound waves are (©) do sound waves (D) sound waves Beef cattle ofall livestock for economic growth in the North American economy. (A) the most are important (B) are the most important (C) the most important are (D) that are the most important The discovery of the halftone process in photography in 1881 made it photogtaphis in Luuks aud newspapers. (A) the possible reproduction (B) possible to reproduce (©) the possibility of reproducing (D) possihly reproduced e0e0000 ee Flag Day is a legal holiday only in the state of Pennsylvania, -—- according to tradition, Betsy Ross sewed the first American flag. (A) which, (B) where (©) that @) las —-—- vastness of the Grand Canyon, itis difficult to ‘capture it in a single photograph. (A) While the ®) The (©) Forme () Recanse af the Speciation, ---———-, resulis when an animal population becomes isolated by some factor, usually geographic. (A) form biological species (B) biological species are formed (©) which forming biological spocies (D) the formation of biological species In its pure state antimony has no important uses, but ------ with other substauices, il is an eatremely useful metal. (A) when combined physically or chemically (B) combined when physically or chemically (C) the physical and chemical combination (D) it is combined physically and chemically 113eoe0ee ee 8 The dawn redwood appears = some 100 million years ago in northern forests around the world. (A) was flourished (B) having to flourish (© twhave ourished (D) have flourished 10. Beginning in the Middle Ages, composers of Western music used a system of notating their compositions ~~ be performed by musicians. (a) will (B) that (C) and when to (D) so they could 11. Civil rights are the freedoms and nghts ——-- as a member of a community, state, ot uativu. (A) may have a person (B) may have a person who (© aperson may have (D) and a person may have 412. Richard Wright enjoyed success ‘end influcney ~~ auiuuy Black American writers of his era. (A) were unparalleled (B) are unparalleled (©) unparalletea (D) the unparalleled 14 of large mammals once dominated the North American prairies: the American bison and the pronghom antelope, (A) There are two species (B) With two species (© Two species are (©) Two species Franklin D, Roosevelt was ——— the great force of radio and the opportunity it provided for taking government policies directly to the people. (A) as the first president he understood fully (B) the first President that, to fully understand (©) the first President fully understand (D) the first President to understand fully |. During the late fifteenth century, — of the native societies of America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts, (A) only a few (B) afew but (© few, but only (D) e few only Official Guide to the TOEFL? ITP Test 4 HHKHKKPMHKKHKKHKHKA HH HAR AHH HHH BH HOMO OHMeEMOMmanamnebeet corey TT Veue PUUTUUUUU LUC UUUUC LLL LY — — eee.) ®9eeee8e @e WRITTEN EXPRESSION Directions: In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one underlined word or pluase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your anewer sheet, find the nnmber of the question and Sill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen, Example T Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish due to the bright colors of the males. A hice, D ‘The sentence should read: “Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish due to the bright colors of the males.” Iheretore, you should choose (A). Example II Serving several term in the United States Congress, Shirley Chisholm became a respected A B c United States politician D ‘The sentence should read: “Serving several terms in the United States Congress, Shirley Chisholm becane a respected United States politician” Therefore, you should choose (B). NOW BEGIN WORK ON THE QUESTIONS. Complete TOEFL ITP Practice Test 11516. Jane Addams, social worker, author, and spokeswoman for the peace and women’s A suffrage movements, she received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her humanitarian B o D achievements, 17. The public ceremonies of the North American Plains Indians are lesser elaborate A B than those of the Navajo in the Southwest. G D 18 Tn some species of fish, such the three-spined stickleback, the male, not the female, A B performs the task of caring for the young. c D 19. When she retires in September 1989, a Christine Evert was tenors A fea wean as vine Uns aieee D 20. ‘The ancient Romans used vessels equipped with sails and banks of oars to transporting A B G. D their armies. 21, Dinosaurs are traditionally classified as cold-blooded reptiles, but recent evidence A B based on eating habits, posture, and skeletal structural suggests some may have been iG D watuebleuded. 22. Since the Great Depression of the 1930s, government programs such as Social A ‘Security have been built into the economy to help avert severity business declines. B i D 23. In the 1970s, consumer activists succeeded in promoting laws that set safety standards A B c for automobiles, children’s clothing, and a widely range of household products. D 24. Zoos in New Orleans, San Diego, Detroit, and the Bronx have become biological A parks where animals roams freely and people watch from across a moat. B c D 16 Official Guide to the TOEFL ITP Test a ee= = 2 =a 2 = = = => = 2 2 2 = = = = 2 2 => 2 2 3 = = = J = —-_ 2 2 2 = = = = = = 69eee0e80 8 25. In primates, as in other mammal, hairs around the eyes and ears and in the nose, A B ‘prevent dust, insects, and other matter from entering these organs. ie D 26, The Rocky Mountains were explored by fur traders during the early 18000, in a A B G decades preceding the United States Civil War. D 27. The works of the author Herman Melville are literary creations of a high order, A D blending fact, fiction, adventure, and subtle symbolic. iG D 28. Bach chemical element is characterized to the number of protons that an atom of that A B iC] clemeut contains, called its atomic number, D 29. ‘The body structure (hat developed in birds over millions of years is well designed for A B G flight, being both lightly in weight and remarkably strong. D 30. From 1905 to 1920, American novelist Edith Wharton was at the height of her A B writing career, producing afher three most popular novels, iG D 31, In the early twentieth century, there was considerable interesting among sociologists A in the fact that in the United States the family was losing its traditional roles. B G D 32, Although diamond is colorless and transparent when pure, it may appear in various A B c color, ranging from pastels to opaque black, ifit is contaminated with other material D 33. Comparative anatomy is concemed to the structural differences among animal forms. A B ¢c D 34. A seismograph records oscillation of the ground caused by seismic waves, vibrations A ‘hat travel from its point of origin through Earth or along its surface. B iG D Complete TOEFL ITP Practice Tact 17000000 6 Electric lamps came into widespread use during the early 1900s and eventually eae eon ‘type of fat, gas, or oil lamps for almost every purpose, A B c D 36. Located in Canada, the Colnmhia Teefield covers area of 120 square miles and is A B 3,300 feet thick in some places. c D 37. Composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II brought to the musical A Oklahoma! extensive musical and theatrical backgrounds as well as familiar with the B G traditional forms of operetta and musical comedy. D 38. Although traditional flutes are among the world’s oldest musical instruments, but the A B flute used in orchestras today is one of the most technically sophisticated. c D 39. Rice, which it still forms the staple diet of much of the world’s population, grows A B hhestin hot, wet lands. Cea 40, ederal tunds appropriated for art in the 1930s made possible hundreds of murals and a RB statues still admiration in small towns all over the United States, c D THIS IS THE END OF THE STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN, EXPRESSION SECTION. IF YOU FINISH IN LESS THAN 25 MINUTES, CHECK YOUR WORK IN SECTION 2 ONLY. DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST. AT THE END OF 25 MINUTES, GO ONTO SECTION 3—READING COMPREHENSION. USE EXACTLY 55 MINUTES TO WORK ON SECTION 3. 8 Official Guide to the TOEFL°ITP Test