41. TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAY (877), GE P642 Transformer and CT details S.No. Description Rating 1 Transformer rating 100 MVA 2 HV side voltage iB2KV 3 HV sive wottage: eels 4 Vector group YNdi 4 Impedance 125% 6 HV side current IAA q LV side current 1 7495 A 8 Tap range +10.% g Primary CT ratio 001A 10 Secondary CT ratio 1800/1 A Transformer full load current at HV and LW: Transformer HV FLA at nominal tap PiN3V 100000 4(v3*132) “437 4A Transformer LV FLA PABV 4100000 v3*33) 1749548 410% Tap voltage calculation: For +10% For -10% Transformer through fault current calculation: Nominal Tap: HV side through fault current 1.10°132=145.20 kV 0.90°132=118.80 kV FLA /%Z3499.1A LV side through fault current FLA %Z 1749.5 10.1250 1399644 +10% tap: HV side through fault current (+10% tap) (FLA at +40 %) /%6Z (100000/ (3445.20) / 0.1250 3181 A -10% tap: HV side through fault current (-10% tap) (FLA at -10 %) %Z (100000/ (13°*118.80)) / 0.1250 3887.9 CT secondary current corresponding HV and LV: HV side CT secondary current at nominal tap 437.41 500 0.875 LV side CT secondary current :1749.5/ 1800 0.972 Note: There is difference between HV CT secondary current and LV CT secondary current so there is need to calculate the matching factor. Ratio correction: Kono. iwer CTR (HV) HV FLA at nominal tap 5001 437.4 1.143 Kono. wer CTR (LV LV FLA 4800/ 1749.5 1.029 Corrected HV side CT secondary current (11) 0.875 * Kuso. wer 0.8767 1.143ACorrected | Corrected LV side CT secondary current (Iz) Corrected Is 10% tap HV side current calculation: +10% HV side-current +10% HV side CT secondary current hy Corrected I++ 210% tap HV side current calculation: -10% HV side current -10% HV side CT secondary current he Corrected I:2 1 pu 0.972 * Kens wer 0.972° 1029.4 4 pu 100000/(v3 145.20) 397.6 A 397.6 /500 0.795 0.795 © Kamp, ay 0.795 = 1.143 0.909 pu 100000 / (43 *118.80) 486 A 486 / 500 0.9724 20.972 1143 1.111 pu Differe: urrent at normal loading with extreme taps: Differential current at +10% tap Differential current at -10% tap [hi- kl | 0.909 — 4] |-0.091 | 0.081 pu [he-le|[4ait—4] 20.111 pu Bias current at normal loading with extreme taps: Bias current at +10% tap (Iythy2 3(0.9094 1y2 0.9545 pu Bias current at -10% tap (hothy 2 211114 12 1.055 pu Maximum differential current 0.444 pu Considering additional 8% CT error, selected minimum differential currant setting (Is1) is 0.20 pu Is1 0.20 pu Slope-1: Following factors are considered for Slope-1 41) Steady state magnetizing current (5%) 2) On load tap changer (10%) 3) CT error (5%) Safety margin is 5% Selected Slope -1, K1=30% Slope -2: In this slope, the stability for an extemal fault with CT saturation is considered. ‘As per manufacturer recommendation slope K2 is 80% Selected Slope 2, K 2=80% Bias current threshold for the second slope (Is2) should be more than full load current Selected Setting for Is2 = 1.2 pu Below diagram shows the differential tripping characteristics.64x transformer biased differential characteristic {ittinom I-52 fos] | lf Operating region Is-cTs ts] Is-cetail 2 Ibias/Inon pects ‘As per the characteristics, there are three ranges for the tripping characteristics as follows leg Ke Characteristics equation for the range: 0-< Inias wax hoo = Mer Characteristics equation for the range: #* = Iyjccmex & lea a= Ke. bb mm Characteristics equation for the range: Inies max = lez haa = Ki. bea + Ke (leis mae As per the selected settings, three ranges are as follows: 41) lot IS 1=0.20p.u (Ibias < 1) 2) 1.,= 0.3"lbias (1 Ibias < 1.2) 3) .,=0.36 + (0.8"(Ibias-1.2)) (Ibias = 1.2) (Current transformer supervision (CTS) Current transformer supervision is based on the measurement of the ratio of 12/11 at all ends Is-CTS setting selected is 1.5 puIs-CTS=1.5 pu High-set differential protection function: The high set 1 Is-HS1 is set above the expected highest magnetizing inrush current to maintain immunity to magnetizing inrush conditions. Maximum inrush current is assumed as maximum through fault current as the maximum inrush current data is not available. Through fault current in pu 24iXT 10.125 8.0 pu Is1-HS1 setting 21.3 * 8.0 pu (30% margin considered) 210.40 pu :10.5 pu (Selected Setting} The high set 2 Is-HS2 is set above the expected highest through fault current to maintain stability up te the maximum through fault current. Ifthe differential current exceeds the adjustable threshold s-HS2, the bias current, the second harmonic and aver fluxing restraints are no longer taken into account. As a result, the P642 issues a high set 2 trip regardless of the harmonic blocking or biased current. Is1-HS2 setting 24.3°0/XT) (130% of Max Through FLT) 13°80 10.40 pu 210.5 pu (Selected Setting) Second harmonic blocking (Ih2%>): While energizing a transformer due to high magnetizing current 2nd harmonic current and 4th harmonic current will be present but compared to 4th harmonic 2nd harmonic current will be rich Hence, 2nd harmonic blocking is considered to block the unwanted operation of differential element during transformer energizati 2nd harmonic blocking-Enabled th2% > 15% Cross blocking - Enabled Fifth harmonic blocking (Ih5%>): Transformer over excitation produces odd order harmonies, which can appear as differential current 10 a transformer differential relay. Fifth-harmonic blocking is primarily used on transformers. Fourieranalysis of these currents during over excitation indicates that a 35 percent fifth-harmonic setting is adequate to block the percentage differential element. Sth harmonic blocked — Enabled 1h5% > 35% Stability checks for through fault condition with extreme +ve tap (+10% Tap): LV side CT secondary through fault current Corrected LV side CT secondary current br Through Fault current at +10% tap HV side CT secondary through fault eurrent Corracted HV side CT secondary current (Irie) 13996 1800 TTT6A T.TT6* Kerns, eet 7776 * 1.029 8.0 pu 3181 #500 6.3624 6.362 “Kame, wv 6.362 * 1.143 7.272 pu Calculation Bias and Differential current for through fault condition (+10% Tap): Differential current at +10% tap (Through Fault) jas current at +10% tap (Through Fault) Operating current @ | bias = 7.636 pu |..= 0.36+(0.8*(Ibias-1.2)) [Ior- be] |7.272-8| |-0.727 | 0.727 pu (vty 2 (7.272+8.0y2 7.636 pu (Ibias? 1.2) (Slope Characteristic Equation for region-3) 0.36+(0.8°(7.636-1.2))5.509 pu Since the |. current (6.509 pu) is higher than the differential current (0.727 pu}, the differential protection is stable for through fault condition during maximum positive tap. Stability checks for through fault condition with extreme -ve tap (-10% Tap): LV side CT secondary through fault current 13996 /1800 T7T6A Corrected LV side CT secondary current lar T.IT6" Kons. wer 1.776* 1.029 8 pu Through Fault current at -10% tap HV side CT secondary through fault current 3887.9 600 T7T6A Corrected HV side CT secondary current(l LFTB Komp, vor 7.776 * 1.143 8.889 pu Calculation Bias and Differential current for through fault condition (-10% Tap): Differential current at -10% tap (Through fault) [har le| |8.889-8| 0.889 pu Bias current at -10% tap (Through fault) (harthy2 (8.889 + 8y2 8.44 pu Operating current @ | bias = 6.44 pu 36+{0.8"{Ibias-41.2)) (Ibias? 1.2) (Slope Characteristic Equation for region-3) eg 0.36 + (0.8"(8.44-1.2)) 6.152 pu Since the I» current (6.152 pu) is higher than the differential current (0.889 pu), the differential protection is stable for through fault condition during maximum negative tap.Table 1: Final Setting of 87T (P642) S.No. Description Settings i HV Connection Y-Wye 2 HV Grounding Grounded 3 HV Nominal 132 kV 4 HV Rating 100 MWA 5 LV Vector Group tf 6 LV Connection D-Delta F LV Grounding Grounded 8 33 kV 9 LV Rating 400 MVA 10 Transformer differential Enabled 14 Set mode Advance 12 Ist 0.20 pu 13 KA 30% 14 Is2 4.2 pu 15 K2 80% 16 tDIFF LS Oms 7 Is-CTS 1.5 pu 18 Is-HS1 10.5 pu 19 Is-H52 Enabled 20 Is-HS2 10.5 pu 21 Zero sequence filtering HV Enabled 22 Zero sequence filtering LV Enabled 23 2nd harmonic blocked Enabled 24 th2%> 15% 25 _ Cross blocking _ ‘Enabled 26 5th harmonic blocked Enabled 2t th5%> 35% 26 Circuitry fail Disabled 29 \s-cct fail 30 k-cet fail