Unit 1

1. What is Machine learning? Write examples of Machine Learning Problems.

2. Write a short note on Structure of Learning.
3. Write a short note on Training versus Testing.
4. Write characteristics of Machine learning tasks.
5. Predictive and descriptive tasks.
6. Explain the four different machine learning settings with respect to predictive model and
descriptive task.
7. How to evaluate performance on a task? Explain in detail.
8. Define linear decision boundary with respect to Geometric models of Machine Learning. Also
explain how geometric model is constructed with appropriate diagram.
9. Explain following terms briefly:
Supervised Learning, unsupervised learning, predictive task, descriptive task, instance space,
cross validation.
10. Explain following terms briefly:
Nearest neighbour classifier, Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, likelihood function,
decision rules.
11. Explain probabilistic model in detail.
12. Explain instance space segment, decision trees, a complete feature tree, feature list and rule
learning with respect to logical mode with appropriate figures.
13. Explain grouping and grading with example.
14. What is the role of features in determining the success of a machine learning model? Discuss
the domain of features. Also write two uses of features.
15. Write a short note on feature construction.
16. Is it possible to transform any feature? Justify your answer with examples.

Unit – II

1. What is classifier? Describe binary classification in detail. OR

What is classifier? Describe two-class classification in detail. OR
2. Explain the following terms in brief:
Contingency Matrix / Confusion Matrix, Actual positive, False Negative, Marginals,
performance indicators
3. Describe Class probability Estimation.
4. How can a class probability Estimation be assessed? Explain with example.
5. Explain one vs rest and one vs one scheme with respect to multi class classification
6. Explain the following terms in brief:
i) signal ii) noise, iii) bias, iv) variance, v) overfitting, vi) underfitting
7. What is regression? What is the task of regression? Explain in detail.
8. Explain polynomial features and polynomial feature transform in detail.
9. Write a short note on Vapnic-Chervonenkis Dimensions.
10. What is growth function? Also explain break points with example.
11. How to bound the growth function? Explain in detail.
12. What is regularization? How does Regularization Work?
13. Explain Ridge regression and LASSO regression in detail.
Unit III

1. Explain linear model and its characteristics.

2. What is least square method? Explain in detail.
3. Explain Univariant Linear regression.
4. Write a short note on Multivariate Linear Regression.
5. Write the architecture of Perceptron network. Also write the steps to perform a perceptron
learning algorithm.
6. Describe the Hyperparameters of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm.
7. Write a short note on Support Vector Machine. Also write how to identify the right hyper
plane with respect to various scenario?
8. Describe Soft Margin SVM.
9. How to obtain probabilities from Linear classifiers?
10. What are various Types of Kernel methods in SVM?

Unit IV

1. Explain Neighbours and Exemplars in detail.

2. Write all steps of KNN algorithm.
3. How the K- Means Clustering Algorithm Works? Explain its Elbow method and purpose
method.
4. Write all steps of K-means algorithm.
5. Explain any one technique of Hierarchical cluster analysis.
6. How to measure association with respect to Association Rule Mining? Explain in detail.
7. What are the types of decision tree? Explain the following terms wrt decision tree:
Splitting, decision node, pruning, sub tree
8. What are the types of decision tree? Explain the following terms wrt decision tree:
Entropy, information gain, gain, finding root node.
9. Write a short note on Ranking and Probability estimation Trees.
10. Explain the working of regression tree.
11. Explain the working of clustering trees.

Unit V

1. Explain in detail about Normal Distribution and Its Geometric Interpretations.

2. Define Naïve Bayes' Theorem, its formula, and its applications.
3. What is Density estimation? Also explain Descriptive Learning in detail.
4. Explain Estimation-Maximization Method in detail.
5. Write a brief note on Gaussian Mixture Model.
6. What is model compression? Explain any two methods for achieving compressed models.
7. What is Bagging? How is bagging performed?
8. What is Boosting? How is Boosting performed?
9. When to use multi-task learning? Explain Multitask learning in detail.
10. How to build and optimize a multi-task model? Explain in detail.
11. What is Online Machine Learning? How it differs from offline learning?
12. Write a brief note on Sequences Prediction.
13. What is Active Learning? How does active learning work?
14. What is Deep Learning? Also explain the layers of Deep Learning.
15. What is reinforcement learning? How does it work?
16. How is reinforcement learning different from supervised and unsupervised learning?