2.1 What’s up there?

Read
A. Before you read, try to answer the questions below. Then, listen, read and check
your answers.
1. In which century did astronomers prove that the Earth was not the center of the universe?
2. How long does it take light from the sun to reach the Earth?
3. What is a shooting star?

LY
4. Where does the moon get its light from?

The sky at night

N
Did you know...?

O
S
ER
H

a
AC

By 1610 the Italian astronomer, b

Galileo Galilei, had built a On a clear night, you can see
telescope that was strong about 2,500 stars. During the
enough to see Jupiter. Near the day, the only star you can see
TE

planet he noticed some stars, but these is the sun. The light from the
stars changed position every night. sun takes eight minutes to get
He discovered that they were actually to the Earth. So, when we look at
moons traveling around Jupiter. This the sun we can see what it looked
proved that the Earth was not the like 8 minutes ago. The light from some stars takes
R

center of the universe, and this changed thousands, even millions of years to reach the Earth.
astronomy and science forever. In fact, they might not even exist anymore, but you
can still see their bright light. So, looking at the night
FO

c sky, means looking back into history.

A shooting star has nothing to do
with a star. These amazing streaks d
of light you can sometimes see The moon goes through a lunar cycle
in the night sky are caused by from new moon to full moon, and
dust and tiny bits of rock called back to new moon in 29.53 days,
meteoroids. They fall or almost a month. We can see the
into the Earth’s moon because sunlight reflects from
atmosphere its surface. But when the Earth goes
and burn up, between the sun and the moon, it
producing blocks the light and the moon appears
light. to be a dark reddish color. This is called a
lunar eclipse.

22
 2.1 What’s up there?
Grammar
A. Read the examples.
The article the
• There’s a new shopping mall in my neighborhood.
The shopping mall has four floors.
• The Earth looks beautiful from the moon.
• The Rocky Mountains are in the U.S.A. The highest
peak is Mount Elbert.
• The Volga runs through central Russia.

B. Complete the sentences with the or -.

1. River Nile is one of longest in

LY
world.
2. Jeff goes to work early in
morning.

N
3. I buy Teen Matters every Saturday.
4. Tom went to Paris and visited

O
Eiffel Tower.
5. Everybody knows that we can’t live without
B. Read again. Find words that match food and water for long.

S
the meanings below.
6. Lake Superior is to northeast
1. a piece of equipment that you can look of Minnesota.
ER
through to make things that are far away
7. Robert plays guitar very well.
appear closer (para. a):
2. to use facts to show that something is true
(para. a): Listen
H

A. Imagine that you are going to interview a

3. shining strongly
businesswoman who is going to become a space
(para. b):
AC

tourist. What questions would you ask her?

4. very small in size
B. Now listen to the actual interview and compare
(para. c):
the interviewer’s questions with the ones you
5. the top or outside of something came up with in the previous activity.
TE

(para. d): C. Listen to the interview again and complete the

interviewer’s notes below, which will be used to
C. Read again and write T for True, F for write the final article.
False or NM for Not Mentioned. Name: Hoshiko Tanaka
Her interest in space began when she was (1) .
R

1. Galileo discovered Jupiter’s moons.

Her father is (2) , so she read lots of books
2. You can’t see any stars during
on stars and space.
FO

the day.
3. Some of the stars that we see in the She isn’t going alone, but with (3)
night sky might not exist anymore. astronauts.
4. 2,500 meteoroids enter the Earth’s Hoshiko Tanaka will be the (4) female space
atmosphere every year. tourist.
5. Shooting stars can be dangerous She will help with the scientific (5) .
to the Earth. Before the trip, she is doing six months of
6. The time between a new moon (6) .
and a full moon is 29.53 days. Gravity makes it difficult to (7) in space.
7. You can still see the moon during
a lunar eclipse.
8. A lunar eclipse happens once
Speak
every year. Talk in pairs. Student A go to page 78 and Student B
go to page 80.
23
2.2 Marvelous machines
Read
A. Look at the title and the pictures. Can you guess which of the following topics will be
mentioned? Then, listen, read and check your answers.
science fiction household chores music sports
work movies health computers

LY
THRE E LAW S
OF ROBO TICS
1. A robot may not harm humans.

N
2. A robot must obey humans, unless
this goes against law 1.

O
3. A robot must protect itself, unless
this goes against laws 1 and 2.

Robots have been around for

S
many years. They do jobs that are
boring or too dangerous for humans.
ER
But robot technology is just at its
beginning. We have lots more to see B. Look at the highlighted words
during the 21st century. in the text and choose the
correct meaning a or b.
H

Traditionally, people have thought

that robots are machines that look like 1. domestic
humans. However, most of the world’s a. to do with the home
AC

robots look very different. About 31 b. to do with work

million domestic robots exist in various 2. industrial
shapes and sizes. They can vacuum, a. to do with making products
mow the lawn or do other chores b. to do with technology
around the house. Also, about
TE

3. fictional
2.6 million industrial robots are found worldwide.
a. not correct
These large machines are used to perform
b. not real
accurate tasks very quickly in factories. There
are also telerobots that are controlled from a 4. recent
distance and are used by doctors in surgery, a. referring to a short time ago
R

and by the police and military to disarm b. referring to the future

bombs safely. Japan is the robot capital of the
world with 52% of the world’s robots. C. Read again and answer the
FO

Robots have appeared in many books and questions.

movies. In fact, the word robot was first used by
1. What are robots used for?
the Czech writer Karel Čapek in his 1920 play Rossum’s
Universal Robots. Robota in Czech means “forced labor.” Many 2. What kind of household jobs are
stories with robots were also written by the writer Isaac Asimov, done by robots?
who invented the “Three Laws of Robotics.” A popular fictional 3. How do the police use
robot of recent times is Wall-E, the small robot that was built to telerobots?
clean up the Earth after humans had left the planet. 4. Why is Japan called the robot
Robots are becoming more and more intelligent and scientists capital of the world?
predict they will create a robot brain soon. But will there come 5. Where did the word robot first
a time when robots are more intelligent than humans? appear?
6. How do scientists expect robots
to change in the future?
24
Vocabulary 2.2 Marvelous machines

Match the verbs in the box with the groups of nouns. Listen
 a machine A. Look at the three robot inventions
entions
1. from a science fair and answer
er the
 the telephone
questions below. Then, listen to a
 electricity reporter interviewing
wing the winners
2.  oranges and check your answers.
make  cars • What do you think the robots do?

build • Which do you think won 1st, 2nd and 3rd

 a cake
prize?
produce 3.  a movie

LY
invent  cars a
discover  an island
4.
 oil

N
 an airport

O
5.  a tunnel b
 a machine
c

S
Grammar B. Listen again and complete the
ER
A. Read the examples and the rules. sentences.
Passive Voice (Present Simple - Past Simple)
1. Robo-dog picks up
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE and and
Present Brazil produces A lot of coffee is produced
brings them to you.
H

Simple a lot of coffee. in Brazil.

John Logie Baird The television was 2. Robo-dog finds you because it can
Past
AC

invented the invented by John Logie where you are.

Simple
television in 1923. Baird in 1923. 3. DJ-bot plays music and
ACTIVE VOICE , too.
Subject + Main Verb + Object
4. DJ-bot has a
TE

PASSIVE VOICE that is used to suggest songs.

Present Simple:
Subject + am / is / are + Past Participle of Main Verb (+ by...) 5. Susan is making a robot that will
Past Simple: .
Subject + was / were + Past Participle of Main Verb (+ by...)
6. Aqua-bot has two .
R

B. Complete the sentences with the Present Simple 7. Humans haven’t explored
Passive or the Past Simple Passive of the verbs in of the
FO

parentheses. world’s oceans yet.

Try to predict what kind
1. These laptops (sell) all over the world. of information is missing.
2. English (speak) When completing, make
in New Zealand? sure that your answers make
3. These houses (build) three years ago. sense with the rest of the
4. The Mona Lisa (not paint) by sentence.
Michelangelo but by Leonardo Da Vinci.
5. Breakfast (not serve) after ten o’clock
at this hotel.
Speak
6. Who America GAME: Guess the invention.
(discover) by? Talk in pairs. Student A go to page
7. Steve is having a party next Saturday, but we 78 and Student B go to page 81.
(not invite).
25
2.3 Incredible gadgets
Read
A. Look at the picture, read the title of the text and discuss the
following:
• What kind of gadgets do you think
homes in the future will have? 5
1 4
B. Read the text quickly. Which of 2
6

LY
the items 1-7 in the picture are
described in the text? Match
them with the paragraphs a-d.

N
Then listen and check your 3
answers. 7

O
Techno Home
S
Future homes will be fully automated and equipped
ER
with lots of wonderful gadgets.

a Vacuum cleaners will become a thing But that’s not all. This refrigerator will have a screen that
of the past. Robots the size of spiders will roam will show you a menu with its ingredients, recommend
H

carpets to keep them clean and free of dust. healthy meals for you and give you step-by-step
Imagine sitting there on the couch and watching instructions on how to prepare them. So no more excuses
the dirt from the carpets move to the edges and about not knowing how to cook! Although Internet
AC

disappear without you lifting a finger! refrigerators are available now, they can't order things
yet. They just come with a computer built into the door,
b Many predictions have been made which can be used for shopping or downloading recipes
about the bathroom of the future. Special built-in from the Net. You can also leave video messages on the
sensors will scan and monitor your health every screen for the rest of the family.
TE

time you jump in the shower. These sensors will

be connected to an online health center which d Watching television will be a two-way
will have a complete record of your medical experience. An interactive TV may not actually watch you,
history, from serious illnesses to minor colds. If but thanks to the built-in Internet connection, it will learn
the sensors detect a problem, your doctor will your viewing preferences and will choose or recommend
be notified at once. This way you won’t need to programs from the thousands of channels available.
R

worry about regular check-ups. Also, remote controls won’t be needed anymore. TVs will
change channels with voice commands and simple hand
c
FO

Run out of milk? No sweat! Leave it gestures. Hang-on-the-wall televisions, which are now
up to the Internet refrigerator. Its job will be available, will become ancient history. Floor-to-ceiling
to keep track of what you eat and to reorder it video screens are the future, and they may even replace
automatically from an online supermarket. traditional walls and windows in your home.

C. Read the text again and complete the sentences 1-5 with a word or a short phrase.
1. Carpets will be cleaned by that will be as small as .
2. Whenever you take , will be checked by special
machines.
3. A of all your illnesses will be available online and you won’t have to see the doctor
for a(n) .
4. Refrigerators will be able to from a(n) .
5. will automatically select to suit the viewer’s preferences.
26
Vocabulary 2.3 Incredible gadgets

Match the highlighted phrasal verbs and expressions in the text on page 26 with their
meanings.

1. without lifting a finger a finish the supply of

2. run out of b be informed about
3. No sweat! c making little or no effort
4. leave it up to d let someone be responsible for a job
5. keep track of e don’t worry about it

LY
Grammar B. Rewrite the sentences using the Passive Voice.
A. Read the examples.

N
Start with the words given.
Passive Voice
(Present Perfect Simple - Future will - 1. The government will take more measures to protect the

O
Future be going to - modal verbs) forests.
More measures
PASSIVE VOICE
.

S
• Many rivers have been polluted by
factories. 2. We are going to paint the house this weekend.
ER
• More trees will be planted in the The house
park.
.
• An electric car is going to be
given to the winner. 3. The mayor has discussed the problem with different
environmental organizations.
• Carbon dioxide can be reduced.
H

• More newspapers should be The problem

recycled. .
AC

4. We must do something to save the planet.

Something
.
TE

Listen
A. Before you listen, discuss the following:
• What do you know about James Bond? • Can you think of any gadgets he has used in his movies?
B. You will hear two teenagers talking about gadgets used in James Bond movies. Look at
R

the pictures below and check () the ones which are mentioned.
FO

1 2 3 4

C. The words in bold in the sentences below are incorrect. Listen again and correct them.
1. Andy likes Bond movies because they’re real.
2. Governments were made to watch Bond movies.
3. An underwater camera was available in stores before 1965.
4. In From Russia with Love Bond used a personal pager to send messages about his mission.
5. Goldeneye is a mini-computer which is as powerful as an office computer.
27
 2.4 Ha it updated!
Have

Read
A. Discuss the following:
• What do you know about e-readers and tablets?

LY
• What gadget can’t you live without?

B. Listen and read. What advantages and

disadvantages of tablets do Lara and

N
Toby mention?

O
S
ER
Lara Life can be a pain in the neck sometimes. Toby Oh, you get used to it after a weekend of
Toby Why do you say that? practicing. And working with a touchscreen is
Lara My laptop broke down and I’ll have to pay an so easy on the hands. Look what happens when
arm and a leg to have it repaired. It will cost I want to turn it on, it takes just a second and it’s
the same amount to buy a new one. What am I ready to go.
H

going to do? Lara Wow, that is quick! So, do you have all your
Toby Neither. music and movies on here?
AC

Lara But I can’t do without my laptop. I need to take Toby Yeah, I converted everything to mp4 files and
it with me to classes. the quality of the images is amazing!
Toby Forget laptops, they’re ancient history. You Lara Where are the DVD drive and the USB port
should buy one of these little beauties. hidden?
Lara An e-reader? Toby Eh, it doesn’t have any. It…
TE

Toby No, it’s a tablet. Lara What? So, how do you insert information?
Lara Ah, I’ve heard a lot about them. Everyone has a Toby I was about to tell you that it uses cloud
different opinion. What do you think? computing. All the information you have on
Toby Well, first of all, it’s a lot lighter than a laptop your desktop computer, you store online as
and you don’t need a shoulder bag for it, just a well. Then you access that information from
R

little protective case. your tablet wherever you are.

Lara That’s true, but I see it doesn’t have an actual Lara Aren’t you forgetting one thing? I don’t have
keyboard. So, if you need to hold it with one another computer at home. My laptop is all I
FO

hand and type with the other, you probably have.

type slower than usual, right? Toby Oops, that’s a problem then. Well, let’s go to
ElectronicWorld this afternoon and see what
can be done about your laptop.

C. Read again and decide if the statements are True or False.

1. Lara’s laptop will be cheap to repair. 4. A tablet turns on almost immediately.

2. Toby thinks both of Lara’s ideas are 5. A tablet plays any kind of music or video file.
wrong.
6. You don’t need to insert information on a tablet.
3. Toby and Lara agree that writing on
a tablet is much slower. 7. Lara finally decides to buy a tablet.

28
 2.4 Have it updated!

Grammar
A. Read the rule and the examples.
D. Match the highlighted words/phrases in Causative Form
the text with the meanings given. subject + have/get + object + past participle
1. put something inside
something else or add We use the Causative Form when we do not
2. be able to find do something ourselves, but we arrange for
information on a someone else to do it for us.

LY
computer I have my hair cut once a month.

3. stop working Look! Sue has had her hair cut.

I didn’t have my hair cut because my hairdresser
4. change into something
was away.
different

N
5. manage when
something is missing
B. Complete the sentences using the

O
Causative Form, as in the example.
6. put things in a special
place to use in the 1. There is a problem with my car engine. It
future

S
needs to be repaired by a mechanic.
I need to have my car engine repaired.

Vocabulary
ER

2. One of the kitchen faucets is leaking. My

Read the sentences 1-7 and match the
mother will call the plumber to fix it.
idioms in bold with the meanings a-g.
My mother
H

1. I'm not buying you those sneakers; they .

cost an arm and a leg.
AC

3. I have a class until 8.30 p.m. and my

2. Where can I get my hands on a bag like favorite TV show starts at 7.30 p.m. My
that?
brother is going to record it for me.
3. Marcus got cold feet and decided to call off I'm going to
the wedding at the last minute.
TE

4. This story will make your hair stand on end. 4. Sheila had to type a report, but she isn't
good at typing, so her sister typed it for her.
5. I can't make heads or tails of these
instructions. Sheila
R

.
6. That's too easy. Why don't you give me
something that I can really sink my teeth 5. The gardener has planted some roses in our
FO

into? garden.
We
7. Can you keep an eye on the baby while
I’m out? .

6. Miss Ellis isn't available at the moment. A

photographer is taking her picture.
a find b understand
Miss Ellis
c be expensive .

d become afraid or nervous

e work with enthusiasm on something Speak
f look after g frighten Talk in pairs. Student A go to page 79 and
Student B go to page 81.
29
2.5 Hi-tech
Read
A. Discuss the following: B. Read the text and complete the sentence
• How often do you use your below. Choose a, b or c. Then listen and
computer and smartphone? check your answers.
• Would you like to be able to “wear” The hi-tech computer glasses are
your computer or smartphone?
a. comfortable but difficult to use.

LY
Why / Why not?
b. convenient and easy to use.
c. comfortable but difficult to get used to.

N
Wearable Computers search...

O
Hi-tech Computer Glasses

S
ER
The Wearable
Computers
H

of the Future
AC

they work
Frequently Asked Questions about wearable computers and how
TE

What is a wearable computer How do they work?

anyway? It’s easy! These glasses work with special voice
R

As the name suggests, it’s a computer which you commands and motion detectors, for example
can “wear” or carry with you while walking. It is you can scroll and click by tilting your head. They
FO

comfortable and easy to use. do not need a keyboard or a mouse like desktop
computers or laptops.

What are hi-tech computer

“glasses”?
Do these glasses hurt your
They are a type of wearable computer that
you wear like ordinary glasses. When you
eyes if you use them for a
wear these glasses, which are connected to long time?
the Internet, you can view emails, news and They are very comfortable to use, but they are
information about the world around you. not made to be worn for long periods of time.
The glasses project an image to your eye, so After wearing them for a while, you get used to
it is like you are looking at a real computer them.
screen.

30
 2.5 Hi-tech

C. Read the text again and complete the

Speak
sentences below with a word or a short Talk in pairs. Look at the pictures
phrase. below and discuss how you think
the computer and the car of the
1. These glasses help you be informed about future will be. Use the prompts
around you. given.
2. In order to work, the hi-tech computer glasses
use and
instead of a keyboard or

LY
a mouse.
3. The biggest advantage of these glasses is that
you can use them while .

N
4. They basically have the same functions a
does.

O
• understands voice commands
5. The glasses notify you when one of your
• “smart,” fast
is close by.
• no keyboard, mouse

S
• small, wearable
ER
Why would you use them?
Because they allow you to look at the screen and at
the same time keep in touch with the world around
you. For example, you can read your emails while
H

walking down the street without running into people.

AC

What other functions do these • no driver needed

glasses have? • plans the journey
• flying
TE

You can do most things you could on a computer.

You can listen to music, take pictures, download • solar powered
applications and connect with friends and family
through social networking sites.
Write
R

What kind of technology do Choose one of the examples

above. Imagine what it will be like
these glasses use?
FO

in the future and write a paragraph

These glasses include a built-in camera that
about it. Answer some or all of the
records everything we see and displays
questions below.
information about people, places and the things
around us. With the help of the Internet, social
networking sites and GPS technology, they can
• What will it look like?
give you information about a friend who is nearby,
• What will it be able to do?
the weather, events happening in your city or
• How will it be better than it
remind you about appointments.
is today?
• Why will it be more useful?
How much do they cost? • How will it change people’s
lives?
They cost about as much as a smartphone.

31
 2.6 The future is now
Vocabulary
Match the adjectives 1-7 with the nouns a-g to form collocations. Then, listen and check
your answers. Which of the items can you see in the pictures below?

1. digital a control

LY
2. virtual b device
3. hard c power
d reality

N
4. compact

5. solar e camera

O
6. electronic f drive
7. remote g disc

Speak
S
ER
You have recently visited the MOFT (Museum of Future Technology) and you have seen the
three exhibits below. In pairs, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Then,
decide which one would be the most useful. Use some of the words and phrases in the box.
H

Smart card
AC

personal information driver’s license

medical records access code for front door
TE

bank details

Streamline ZZ2 car

R

solar powered high speed

FO

computer operated futuristic “micro” design

Optiphone
transcribes voice to text document
plays music appropriate to mood (e.g. sleepy, tired)
control of home appliances
automated 911 calls

environmentally friendly hi-tech convenient stylish powerful

small in size expensive complicated to use lack of safety
32
 2.6 The future is now
Listen
Listen to people talking in three different situations and answer
the questions below. Choose a, b or c.
1. What does the man think about science-fiction films?
a. He enjoys watching them.
b. He thinks they are unrealistic. 3. What does the man
c. He believes some of them are good. think of “smart” robots?
2. What do the two friends say about space travel? a. He thinks they’re scary.
a. They would really love to try it. b. He thinks they’re a good idea.
b. They don’t want to travel in space. c. He thinks robots can never be smarter

LY
c. They may do it at some point in their lives. than humans.

Write
A. Someone visited the MOFT (Museum of Future C. Sometimes reports have headings for

N
Technology) and was asked to write a report. each paragraph. What headings would
Read the highlighted part of the report only you use in the report on the left?

O
and answer the following questions.
• Who wrote the report? • What do you think the 1st paragraph:
• Who was it written for? relationship between Lee

S
• What is it about? Knowles and Mr. Collins is?
2nd paragraph:
ER

B. Now read the rest of the report and answer the
questions below. 3rd paragraph:
• What kind of language does the writer use?
H

• Is the report based on facts or on the writer’s opinion?

• What do you notice about the layout? 4th paragraph:
AC

To: Mr. Collins
From: Lee Knowles D. Imagine that your teacher or your boss
Date: 09. 14. 2018 has asked you to write a report on
Subject: Smart card
TE

either the Streamline ZZ2 car or the

The aim of this report is to describe the positive and Optiphone from the speaking exercise
negative aspects of the smart card, which is one of
on page 32. Write your report (140-160
the exhibits at the Museum of Future Technology.
words).
A smart card is a card with a built-in microchip which
will store all your personal information. It will even
R

WHEN YOU WRITE A REPORT

have your medical records and driver’s license on
REMEMBER:
it. What is more, it will be used for shopping and
FO

banking, as it will contain all your bank details. • Write at the top of the page
Furthermore, you will not have to carry your keys To:
because the access code to your front door will be From:
recorded on it, too. Date:
However, the main problem with smart cards will be Subject:
safety. If it is stolen, somebody will have access to • Use block paragraphs.
all your personal information. In addition, your bank The aim/purpose of this report is to...,
accounts may be at risk, as well as the safety of your This report describes...
home.
• Write your report in a formal style.
In conclusion, despite the risks, the smart card will be
• Include clear and factual
very useful in the future. In my opinion, if a security
information.
system is available, smart cards will be safe and, as a
Give your opinion only in the
result, they will become part of our everyday life.
conclusion.
• Use linking words and phrases.
33
 2 Project
A. Match the instructions with the pictures.

HOW TO MAKE A MODEL

OF A LAPTOP

LY
Materials:
scissors
cardboard

N
aluminum foil

O
glue
a ruler a
a pencil

S
a black pen
colored pens or pencils
ER
1 piece of A4 paper

Method:
H

b c
1 Cut out a piece of cardboard
1,5 ft. by 2 ft. and fold it in half.
AC

2 Use the ruler and pencil to draw

small squares and rectangles
on another piece of cardboard
and cut them out to make the
TE

keyboard.
3 Write numbers, letters, etc., on
them with the pen and stick them
on to make the keyboard.
d
4 Draw a picture on the paper and
R

stick it in the centre of the lid side

to be the screen.
FO

5 Cut two strips of cardboard 1 in.

by 1 ft. and two strips of 1 in. by
1,5 ft. and stick them along the
edges of the lid, with the screen
picture inside.
6 Glue aluminum foil to the back of
your laptop.

e f

B. Choose a gadget (a computer, a tablet, a smartphone, a digital camera, etc.) and write a
text describing how to make a model of this gadget, similar to the description in activity A.
Write about the materials and tools you need and the steps you will follow. Draw pictures
or prepare a slideshow presentation. Then present your model gadget to the class.
34
A. Discuss:
2
• When did people start eating corn?
• What is the strangest thing you know of that is made from corn?
B. With a partner, brainstorm what kind of information
you expect to find in an article about corn.
Then, read the text quickly and
check () the topics that are on economy
cultivat
ion methods effects

LY
mentioned.
place of
origin recipes
enefits
modern
uses health b

N
n of corn
popcorn evolutio

O
Indian Gold
C
orn as we know it today

S
With enough water, corn – also called maize –
ER
has never actually been could be grown in any climate. Myth has it that
a plant found in nature. It when the Europeans asked the natives for proof
is rather a human invention, able they had gold, the Indians showed them pieces of
to survive only if it is planted and yellow gold-colored corn.
H

protected by humans. The original

Continuing in the footsteps of the first people who
wild plant that was developed into corn
changed corn, scientists today have managed to
by people living in central Mexico about 7,000 years
AC

produce genetically modified corn which isn’t

ago was called teosinte and is now extinct. It looked
affected by chemicals that kill insects. Nowadays,
very different to modern-day corn, since the kernels
most of the corn is used to feed animals and only
– the small seeds we eat – were much smaller and
a very small amount is left for humans to eat. It is
not placed close together. By steadily cultivating
also processed to make plastic, packing materials,
this plant, it rose from being only a few inches long
TE

chemicals, explosives, paint, pharmaceuticals,

and with just eight rows of kernels to the usually
soaps, corn ethanol (a biofuel) and many other
eight-feet high plant we find today. Eventually, a
industrial products. At the same time, it’s an ideal
family would produce enough corn to make up most
plant for studies in genetics and biochemistry.
of their diet for a year. This is evident to this day
Truly, there is no other plant that is cultivated so
if we think about the various dishes that use corn:
R

much and is used in so many aspects of life.

tortillas, tamales, pozole, atole and all the dishes
based on them, like tacos, quesadillas, chilaquiles,
FO

enchiladas, tostadas, and many others.

As with numerous other things, the arrival of
Christopher Columbus and other Europeans opened
up the way for the exportation of corn to Europe.

C. Read the text again and answer the questions.

1. Why do we say that corn is a human invention? 5. What have scientists done today that is similar
2. What changes did corn go through to reach the to the changing of teosinte that early people
shape and size it has today? did 7,000 years ago?
3. How widespread was the use of corn? 6. What does the writer mean when he says that
4. What misunderstanding existed between the corn is used in many aspects of life?
Indians and the Europeans over corn?
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

2
3. The government will build a new hospital soon.

Round-up
4. They haven’t collected the trash yet.

Vocabulary 5. They are going to clean the beach tomorrow.
A. Cross out the odd word. Then, add one
more related word.  10
1. astronomy – bomb – meteoroid – eclipse –
E. Rewrite the sentences using the Causative
2. touchscreen – monitor – application – shoulder – Form.
1. The dentist whitened my teeth.

LY
3. universe – gadget – machine – appliance – I had my teeth .
6

2. The mechanic is repairing my car right now.
B. Complete the sentences with the correct I .
form of the words in capitals.

N
3. A painter painted my apartment last week.
1. Even with all the I .
gadgets available, you still need to have a

O
4. My brother will wash my car this weekend.
musical ear to write a good
piece of music. ELECTRICITY I .

2. Every night he used to escape 5. The nurse took my blood pressure.

S
from by reading I .
about imaginary worlds with knights and  10
ER
dragons.
3. The beginning of the movie was exciting,
REAL
Communication
but the was F. Complete the dialogue with the correct
so predictable. CONCLUDE form of the phrases a-d.
H

4. People today still use

a leave it up to us b not lift a finger
to find money hidden in the ground. DETECT
5. My older brother is very
c keep an eye on d cost an arm and a leg
AC

with us; he’s worse than my dad. PROTECT

Ryan Hey mom, can we have our classmates
6. , people in Spain
over next weekend?
eat twelve grapes on New Year’s. TRADITION Mrs. Trevelyan What do you mean?
 6
Grammar We want to have a party in the backyard
TE

Jonathan
for all our friends from our new school.
C. Complete the sentences with the or -. Mrs. Trevelyan I don’t know about that boys. Having so
1. Last week my parents went to Egypt many people around will (1) .
and visited Pyramids. Next month Ryan Don’t worry mom, (2) . We’ll use
our allowance to buy everything we
R

they’re thinking of going skiing in Alps.

2. A: Did you see fireworks last night? need.
B: Yes, I love fireworks! Mrs. Trevelyan What about getting the house ready? It
FO

will have to be spotless for your guests.

3. people say that Chinese
Jonathan You will (3) . We’ll clean the house
language is difficult to learn, but I want to try.
the day before. And we’ll do the cooking
4. My brother graduated from college in
as well.
2008.
Mrs. Trevelyan Cooking? I don’t trust you near the oven.
5. A: When are you moving to south of
Ryan We’ll make sandwiches and stuff.
the country?
Mrs. Trevelyan All right, but I’ll still stay around and
B: In June.  10 (4) you in case you need any
D. Change the sentences from the Active help.
 8
to the Passive Voice.
1. They planted 1,000 trees in the park.

Now I can...
• Turn back to the cover page of the unit.
 50

2. They should reduce commercials on TV. • Read through the In this unit you will learn section again.
• Check the points that you feel confident about.

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