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<1 enor tne gon unborn
‘moans
No
Forl=4:n)
Rid Enter the given valuas of x and
Roadx a5 x |
Beret a" | yas x) and y() respectively in
proper sequence.
y
meat
intially deine dx = Sp = 0, by = Sy = 0, éxy = S, =
and &x” = Sy =0.
Fori=2,
S)=0+x(1)=x(1) Sp=x(1) + x(2)
81 =0+y(1)=y(1) S; =y(1) + y(2)
+ (1) y(t) = x(1) -y(1) S2= x(t) y(1)* x@)- 72)
x(t) x(1)= A |S = BANE + Bay?
‘The process is continued for'’ numberof values.
| veo fH /P
Liisi |"
int the table for given values of x and y as
xy ex y
As per least square criteria,
adx+nb=dy = —» aSy+nb=S,
adx'+bax=dxy > aS3+bSy=Sz
Now according to Cramer's rule,
So
a
pea-[er | =90"8e-" 5s
tt
means ba=a,=[e! gf 2S17S0-#
=a,=|82 Sil =s)xs)-s,*
ob=dy=[20 5H] =5)*5:-81*5y
For values of a and b,
4, 4,
ofa =
a=Q and p=
[ina ate [Print tne values of’ and]
ats
[FRISBY ne Pt to tal equation on y= ax +]
‘means a =
Flowchart No. 8.1 : For straight line equation y = ax + b Program to fit a straight line by Least square criteria (y=ax+b)
‘n-input(Enter the number of inputs
for i=!
x()=input(Entor the values ofx =; }-y
‘y(i)=input(Enter the values of y =
end
S0=0;
Si=0;
52=0;
S30;
forimim
80=S0+x(i)
Find the values of Sy, S,, S, and S, for all given values of x and
Ex.
yas, Sy = Ex, S, = By, 5,
Exy and
Print the. table for
values of x and y as
fprinti(%f od wf Nn x( 1), yli).2e64) * 2,y6i)* XC); =e ¥ a
ona i
st e Pessoa
ae50'50-°S3 Formulate the equations of straight line using least square
das1°S0-0°S2; > Jeriteria and solve them by using Cramer's rule. Find values of
ene ‘determinant of d, d, and dj.
a=da/d; i
bedb/d;
fprintf(Ans:- a=%f =f",
inten \ty =e Se
[Output|
Enter the number of inputs = 7
Enter the values of
Enter the values of y = 0.5 x y a x”
Enter the values of x
Enter the values of y = 2.6 0.500000 1.000000 04600000
Enter the values of x = 9 .s00000 —4,000000 5.000000
Enter the values of y = 2 2.000000 9,000000 6.000000
Enter the valuos of x = 4 4.000000 16,000000 * 16.000000
Ratec:she yatonsiol ye 4) 3.500000 6.000000 17,6000
Raise tis VaR las 6.000000° 36,000009 3.000000
urate 500000 —49,000000 8.600000
Enter the values of x = 6
Enter the values of y = 6
Entor the valuos of x = 7 It enter given values of x and y a8}
means | x(i) and y(i) respectively.
Read x a5 x()
Read y as y(i)
Initially put Ex = Sy = 0, Ly = $, = 0, Exy=§,
Bx? =85=0, x’y = 8, =0, Ex°=S, = Oand
Ix! =S,=0.
Fori=1
Sy =0+x(1)= x(1)
8) =0+y)=¥1) yt) +¥2)
So 80 0 S22 0+x(1)-y(1) =H(1) (1) $2 =x(1)-¥(1) + #2)-¥2)
$178,490) 2
S)=S)+x0*y0) y= 04x(1)-x(1) = BAD! S32 k(NF + oI
=S,+x()*. ax #
| So ene ie Irreans | Se=O+x(1)-x(1) y(t) = CHP“) = [x(1)F - y(1) * QF -v(2)
S5= Sq +x{i)*() =x, 5 = 0 + x(1) -x(1) (1) = BC S_= (DI + QI
25, + x() + x0) +x) * x0
SiS SHES 8) =0#x(1)-x(1) x(t) x(t) = COI | Se= Exc + xe
‘This process is continued for ‘n’ number of values.
Formulate the equations of parabolic curve
using least square criteria and express them
In.a matrix form as coefficient matrix
peat | (l= a.nd constant matrix [8] = b.
‘Solve the above matrix by using MATLAB
‘command 'linsolve' or by using
Gauss elimination method.
—!t____ print the values of a, b and c. 1
means
7 __ etn tral qin aaatony =a? bx
: For Quadratic equation y = ax’ + bx + ¢
Flowchart No. 8. ‘Binput(Enter the number of inputs =;
for i=in
x()=input(Entor tho values of x = 9);
fori=tm From i= 1 (0 n, find the values of Sy, S,, Sy, Sy) Sy Sg and Sg a8
50=50+x1i);
sige 8) = Exy 8, = Ly, 8, = E1y
S2es2+x(*¥(); 7 8) = Ex, S,=Zs'y, S,= 22° i
S9=S34x()*x(); i 4
S444 x)*x(* YE: and Se
S5=85+x()"x()"x(;
S6=S8-+x(i"x() "x(x;
end
see Formulate the equations of parabolic curve |
Lea > | using least square criteria and express them in
i | & matrix form as coefficient matrix [A] = a
betst; and constant matrix [B] = b
82;
84
1
volinsolve(a.b):
fprintf(Ans ene, v1). ¥(2). 010);
yi >
fiauradtey=nse24ntcese «rywarwtay, —
Supe Enter the values of y
Enter the number of inputs = 7 Enter the values of x
Enter the values of x = -3 Enter the values of y
Enter the values of x = 3
Enter the values of y = 12 Entec the values of y = 30
Enter the values of x = 2 a=
20 7
Enter the values of y = 4 o 2 0
ater the values of = +1 198 0 28
Enter the values of y = 1 n
Enter the values of x = 0
Enter the values of y = 2
2.118048 b= 2.928571 c = 1.666687
2.119048 ~ 2-+2.828571%+ 1,686657>> It ‘
—lte [Enter the given number of
mean EF inputs, sey 'n!.
No
Enter the values of x from
I, | 11o'n’as, x= x() and store
‘means | values of y as temp. Make new
‘column for y(i) asy(!) = log (temp).
athe [inti put Sp = 0, 8 =0, 8, = 0 and Sy =0]
Fort=1, For = 2,
Sy =0+x(1)= x(1) Sp = x(1) + x(2)
Sy =0 + y(1)= (1) S, = y(t) + (2)
Sp= 5p +x)
81 =; +00)
S2=S2 +x) *¥O
Sy= Sy +x(i) * xt)
WL} Sp = 0 + x(1) -y(1) = x(1) (1) | Sp = x(1) - yl) + x02) - (2)
means
Sy=04x(1)-x1)= HCN? | Sy= ECHO
The process is continued for 'n’ number of values.
As per least square criteria,
ayIx+nby=Zy 2 a,Sy#nby=S,
ay Ix" + by Ex = Exy = 3483 +DySq = Sp
Now according to Cramer's rule,
Sp on
= Sg * Sp—nxS,
5 So So So 3
G=8,7 8-975
4,=8;*Sp—n* Sp
a 25150752
sy
%,|
| =S0*82- 5155
For values of a, and by,
it, [ To find values of 'at and 'b’ use,
Tears
bee’,
—t. ‘sau
Treaty | Print the final equation of curve as y= ab'.]
Flowchart No. 8.3 : For curve y = ab™ Program to fit a curve by Least square criteria (y=atb4x)
ainputf\n Hater numberof slements ="; }-9! enter the given number of Inputs, say "1
Enter the given values of x from 1 to n as x(i) and
| store values of y as 'temp'. Make new column for y(i) |
8 y(i) = log, (temp). 5
> Initially define Ex = 8, = 0, Zy =
Ext=S,=0.
From i= I tom, calculate the values of Sq Sy S, and S; as,
S) = Ex 8, = Ly, S, = Lay ad Sy =
82=82+x(i)*¥10:
S3=83+x(i)*x
end
d=S0*S0-n"S3:
da=S1*S0-n"S2;
b=50°S2.S1S3; >
alsda/a;
bi=db/d;
Formulate the equations of of straight line using least squar
criteria and solve them by using Cramer's rule. Find values of |
determinant of d, da and db.
em (a1); 4
a= exp (b1); i
[Output .
‘Enter number of elements = §
Enter the values of x = 2.1
Enter the values of y = 6.14
Enter the values of x = 2.5
Enter the values of y = 6.788
“Enter the values of x = 3.1
Enter the values of y = 10.29
Enter the values of x = 3.5
Enter the values of y = 19.58
Enter the vales of x = 4.1
Enter the values of y = 20,678
ye=(199869)(2.000778)*x>> It
—— [Enter the given number of i 1
mean ff gi f inputs say 'n’]
No.
Enter the values of x from 1 to 'n’ as
re | band values of y as ‘temp’.
means | Now,-calculate, x(i) and y(i) as,
x(i) = log (tx) and
¥({) = log (temp).
0
=o
X ies a0. tye
B] tent pu'8p20,5,=0,5)=00085)=6]
=o
—Fori=tin>
: Fori= 1, Fori=2,
Yes, Sp=0+x(1) =x(1) Sq = »(1} + x(2)
Sy
oF y= y(t) $1 = (1) +y(2)
x)
Sy= Sy+x() + xQ)
8y= 0+ x(1)-x(1)= (NF | Sy = CANT? + (QI?
‘The process is continued for 'n’ number of values.
‘As perleast square criteria,
ay Sx +n, = Sy
ay Ex? +b, Ex=
Now according to Cramer's rule,
a
§| 8050-985
n
al =8,*Sy-n* 8,
B es0H5-91955
For values of ay and by,
b=
ay= 2 and b= %
It [ To find values of ‘a! and ‘b' use, a=" and |
Flowchart No. 8.4 : For curve y = ax”
mM) Sp= 0+ (1) + y11) = x(1)- yt). | Sp x(1)- YC1) + x(2) - (2)
Tears Program to fit a curve by Least square criteria (y=a"x*b)
4
nsinpottin Ener nurse of stbante = a. number. of faputs ay
forietn
‘c-input(\n Ester the value of x =
tomp=input(\n Enter the value of y =:
xti)=IoaC2):
y@)=logitemp):
From i= 1 to m enter values of x as x, and values of
¥ a5 temp. Now caleulate x(i) and y(i) as,
£ adi) = tog, (t,) and y(i) = log, (temp).
end
s0=0;
S1=0;
S2=0;
83-0;
<5 Iniiany aetne Ex = 55 = 0, Ey =5,
and EF =5,=0.
x
sisst+yi; > | From i= 1 to a, caleulate the values of Sy S,, S, and
s2=satxi)y: | Sy as, Sy = Ex, 8 = Zy, 8, = Exy and Sy = Ex,
83=534x)%ti:
end
4=s0'S0-0°53;
da=S1*S0-0"S2;
eb=S0°S2-S1°S3;
Formulate the equations of straight line using
> | least square criteria. and solve them by using
‘Cramer's rule, Find values of determinant of d,
da and ab.
Output]
Enter number of elements = 5
Enter tho value of x = 05
Enter the value of y = 0.7425
Enter the value of x = 1.5
Enter the value of y = 9.8579
Enter the value of x = 2
Enter the value of y = 6.9397
Entor the value of x = 2.6
Entor tho value of y = 8.201,
Enter the value of x = 3
Enter the value of y = 10.912
y=iasnocosaye* (.A00073)>> It_, [Enter the given number of inputs
means | say'n’,
From i= 1 ton, enter the value
It_,_ | ofx as x(i). Store values of y
means | as temp.
Calculate y(i) = log, (temp).
Intlatly put Sp * 0, Sy * 0, 8 * 0.and Sy =0.
+ 3
Forts, Forl=2,
8y=0+'x(1) = x(1) Sy = H(t} + 12)
8, =0 + y(t) =y(1) Sy = y(1) + y(2)
Bp = 0+ x(1) > y(1) = x(1) CA) |] Sy= HCH) YH) # x2) 2)
8y= 04 x(t): x(t) = OC)? | Sy = fC? + aI
The process is continued for‘! number of values.
Treans
‘As per least square citer,
ay Extnby= By — —e a,S9 + rby= Sy
ay Bx? + by Ex= By —> 8183 * D180 = Se
Now according to Cramer's rule,
For values of a, and by,
aye 4a and by= Sb
¢ ¢
1 (ey values of a and b on)
“Theané 1 and b= ay.
‘te | Print the final equation of curve as y= @ )
Flowchart No, 8.5 : For curve y= a0" Program to fit a curve by Least square criteria (y=a"e*(bx))
n=input(\n Enter number of elements =‘:
fori=in
‘x(i)=input(\n Enter the value of x =
‘temp=input(\n Enter the value of y =")
‘yli)=lon(temp);
end
: =
s2+x(i)* yi;
S3=S3+x(i)*x(i);
end
db=S0*S2-S1°S3;,
3
al=da/d;
bi=db/d;_
-exp(b1); } >
fprintf(\n y=(%f)e~ (%f)x'a,b);
Output |
Enter number of elements = 4
Enter the value of x = 0.1
Enter the value of y = 1.832
Enter the value of x = 0.2
Enter the value of y = 2.238
Enter the value of x = 0.3
Enter the value of y = 2.7333
Enter the value of x = 0.4
Enter the value of y = 3.338
y4(1\600073)e ™(1.999818)x>>
> | initiany define Bx = §,
and Zx? = S,=0.
}> [Enter the giv
{and store values of y as temp make new
columa for y(#) as y(l) = log, (temp). i
From {= 1 to n, calculate the values of Sy S,,S, and S, as,
Sp = Ex, 8, = Ly, S, = Exy and 8, = Ex,
Formulate the equations of straight line using least /
square criteria and solve them by using Cramer's
rule. Find values of determinant of d, da and db.
