(i) On 12th March, Mahatma Gandhi began his historic: march from ‘Sabarmaii Ashram to Dandi, « village on the Gujarat seacoast (ii) He was accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers, but as Gandhiji: advanced. others joined the pany (iv) On the morning of 6th April, Gandhiji violated the salt laws by picking up some sail from the sea water. Gandhij's campaign against the salt laws was a signal to disobey the Government laws. ‘The Programme of the Movement: The Civil Disobedience campaign involved defiance of salt laws, beveott of liquor, boycott of foreign cloth and British goods of all Kinds. 0.5. ‘Large sections of Muslims did not respond to the call for a united struggle during the Civil Disobedience Movement.” Explain, Or “Some of the Muslim political organisations in India, were lukewarm in their response to the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’.”” Examine the statement. [CBSE 2013 (D)) Ans. (I) Association of Congress with Hindw Mahasabha : Aiter the decline of the Non- cooperation — Khilofat moverient, 2 targe section of Musims felt alienated from the Congress, From the mid-1920s, the Congress came to be more visibly associated with ‘openly Hindi religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha (W) Coramunal Clashes : As relations between the Hindus and the Muslims wersened, each ‘community organised religous, processions with militant fervour, provoking Hindu Muslim communal clashes and rots in various cities, Every riot deepened the distance between the two communities, (ip Issue of demand for seporate electorates : Some of the Maslim leaders demanded a separate electorate for the Muslims which was not supported by the Conaness leaders. (iv) Status of Muslims in Hindu majority ‘state : Many Muslim leaders anc intellectuals expressed their concern sbout the status of Muslims as a minority within India, They feared that the culture and identity of minorities would be submerged under the domination of e Hindu majority. EVERGREEN Self-Study In Social Sclence-10.. i be Ce rare Ta G.10, Explain the s of the Civil 7 Disobedience Movement tn the countryside. Why did the rich peasants of Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat join the Civil Disobedience Movement ? tena March 2011) Describe any three features of the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. (CBSE 2009 (0), ‘March 2012, 2013 (O)) r Evaluate any three features of the peasant movement during Civil Disobedience Movement in India. [CBSE March 2011] Or Mention three reasons by which the rich peasant communities took active part in the Civil Disobedience Movement. [CBSE 2012, 2019 (D)) Or Describe the participation of the rich and poor nt communities in the Civil Disobedience Movement. (CBSE 2019(D)} (In the countryside, ich peasant communities-like the Patidars of Gujarat and the dais of Uttar Pradesh were active participants (ii) They participated in the Movement because they suffered the mast due to the economic depression. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government's revenue demand, (lw) They demancied a reduction in revenue but the government refused to do so. This led to 4 widespread resentment. These rich landlords participated in the boycott programmes, ond refused fo pay revenues, For them, the fight for Swaraj was a stucale ‘against high revenues. liv) But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931_ without the revenue rates being revised, So when the movement wes restarted in 1982, many of them did not participateOr Or How did ‘Non-cooperation Movement’ How did the peasants of Awadh ui spread Im cities across the country ? different methods io achleve thelr goal ? Explain its effects on the economic front. Explain. (CBSE 2014) (CBSE 2015 (0), 2016(F)) Or Or easants: How did Non-Cooperation Movement start set ee ea cae with particination of middle class tn the Rte 2015) cities ? Expain its impact on the economic feoeeat: front ICBSE 2018) or Ans. () The movement in the cities: The jor problems faced Movement started with middle-class Or the enadiae of monde Oe aap a participation in the cities, Thousands of Non-Cooperation Movement. students left government-controlled schools [CBSE 2015 (O)) and colleges, Resdmesters andl leathers 4.) pardicipante,sathaaalitt astieraie resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices: (| Boycott of council elections: The Council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras (Chennai) (Ww) Swadeshi foreign cloth bumt in huge bonfires, (v) Impact on industry : In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade, Due to this, the demand of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. The increase in relief to the demand provided a vanishing textile industry of India, (0) Impact on trade; The import of foreign cloth and its value halved. Movement in the countryside. {CBSE 2015 (0)) . Or How did the Non-Cooperation Movement Spread to the countryside. [CBSE 2010 (F)| Or Describe the movement led by Baba Ram Chandra in Awadh against the talukdars and landlords, (CBSE 2012) The Non-Cooperation Movement had @ great impact on the Indian textile industry. Swadeshi goods, especially cloth got a great impetus. Foreign goods ‘were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and Explain the course of the Non-cooperation movement was led by the peasants, tribals and the local leaders. For example, in Awadh, it was led by Baba Remchendra ‘sanyasi, who had earlier been to Fiji.as an indentured labourer. (i) Why did the rural people participate ? The movement here was noi against the Britishess but against lalukdars and landlords, The problems of the rural people were different from these of the urban people: ©The talukdars and landlords were demanding very high rents and a variety of other taxes, ® Peasants had to do begar and work at the Jandiord's farms without any payment. ‘© The peasanis had no security of tenure, They were regularly evicted so that they could acquire no security of tenure. As the problems of the people were different, their demands were also different. The peasant movement demanded : @ Reduction of revenue ® Abolition of begar © Redistibution of land # Social boycott of oppressive landiords, (ti), Ways of protests : The Movement in the countryside had a different angle. In many. places, Nal-dhobl bandhs were organised by the Panchayats to deprive the landlords of the services of barbers, cobblers, washermen, etc. Even nationel leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru went to villages in Awadhto know the grievances of the people. By October, the Oudh Kissan ‘Sabhas were set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru. Baba Ramchandra, and a few others. When the movement spread i 1921, the houses of talukdare and merchants were attacked. The movement turned violent which was not liked by some of the Congress leaders, 0.6. Analyse any four features of Gudem rebellion of Andhra Pradesh. [CBSE March 2011, 15) Or Explain the main features of Gudem rebellion. (CBSE 2014] Or Desctibe the contribution made by Allurl Sitaram Raju to the Non-Cooperation Movement in Andhra Pradesh. ICBSE 2014) Or “Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of ‘Swaraj’ In yet another woy”. Support the statement with suitable examples. {CBSE 2016 (F) Compt.) ‘Ans. (i) The Gudem rebellion spread in response to the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1921. {ii) In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerrila movement spread in the early 1920s under the leadership of Alluri ‘Sitaram Raju against forest laws. (iti) The rebels prociaimed that he was an incarnation of God as he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people. iv) Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma, Gandhi and was inspired by Non- Cooperation Movement, and persuaded people fo wear Khadi and give up drinking. But al the same time he asserted that India Disobedience or the Salt Movement wos Pace eis IGESE YES 10) 28. Explain the course of the Salt Lahore Cangress formelined the den ‘Puna Swaral ot ful independence for | Ih was declared that 26th Jantar, 2 would be ‘celebrated as the Indepen Dey when people were to take @ ple struggle for complete Independence celebrations attracted very litle attention ‘Mahala Gandhi had to find a way to this absiract dea of freedom tos concrete issues of everyday life (ii) Rejection of Gandhi's — Demands : On Bist January, Mahatma Gandhi, in a state! forward Eleven Demands to. cor ‘wrongs done to the Indians. He assured the Viceroy that he w withdraw the Civil Disobedience on ‘Government's acceptance of these der However, Gandhi's demands were decla tobe unrealistic by the Viceroy. (Wu) Economie Causes : The Great D agricultural produce began to and collapsed after 1930. aie for agricultural goods fell and ¢ declined, peasants found it decided to provide Givil Disobed launched. lence