Chapter 10 – Sinusoidal
Steady-State Analysis Phasors and Sinusoids
Sinusoidal sources
The sinusoid is a periodic function defined
by the property.
V( t + T ) = v(t)
The constant T is called the “period of
oscillation” or just the“period.” The
reciprocal of T defines the frequency in
hertz by where,
F = 1/T
The angular frequency of the
sinusoidal function is,
The units of angular frequency are
radians per second.
The phase angle in radians is
related to the time ta by,
A phasor is a complex number that
is used to represent the amplitude
and phase angle of a sinusoid. The
relationship between the sinusoid
and the phasor is described by,
a called the real part of V and b is
called the imaginary part of V.
Several special cases are worth
noticing.
Phasors are added using the
rectangular forms of the phasors as
follows:
y
Impedance
Phasors are multiplied and divided
The impedance of an element of an
using the polar forms of the phasors as
ac circuit is defined to be the ratio
follows,
The conjugate of the phasor V1 = a + jb
is denoted as V1* and is defined as
of the voltage phasor to the current
phasor. The impedance is denoted
as Z(w).
The admittance of an element of an
ac circuit is the reciprocal of its
impedance. The impedance is denoted
as Y(w) so,
Series and Parallel
Impedance
A. Solve for Vo
Solution:
Phasor Diagrams
A phasor diagram is a graphical
representation of phasors and their
relationship on the complex plane.
The phasor voltages across the impedances are
given by,
These phasors are drawn in the complex plane.
4−V o V V
Using KVL, we obtain = o + o →40 = Vo (10 + j)
2 −j5 j4
40
Vo = = 3.98 < 5.71o A
10− j
The phasor VL +VC is given by
Solved by: Arvin Jhun Mallari
B. Given: 0.2 ohm and 1 ohm Resistor
Parallel with each other. 100nF capacitor
parallel with 1mH inductor.
we see that lVLl>lVCl so
This phasor is shown in the complex
plane, thus by substitution,
Sample Problems
Solved by: Arvin Jhun Mallari
Solution: D.
YIn= Y1 + Y2
1
1
= 0.2− j( 1
) +( −3
)
1+ j(1 ×10 w o )
100 ×10−9
9
1× 10
0.2+ j( )
Wo 1− j 1× 10−3 Wo
YIn= 9 +
1× 10 1+¿ ¿
0.22+( )
Wo
0.2 1 7
YIN= [ 2 + ] + [ (1 ×10 /Wo) -
0.2 +¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿¿
−3
1× 10 Wo
]
1+¿ ¿
1× 10−3 Wo
1× 107 /Wo
1× 10 7
=
1+( ) 0.22+ ¿ ¿
Wo
1 1
W o= =
√ LC √( 100 × 10 )( 100× 10−9 )
−3
=100 ×1 03 rad /sec
Solved by: Kent Durato
C. Determine i in the circuit
We first determine the input impedance.
1H → jωL = j1x10 = j10
1 1
1F → = = -j0.1
j ω C j 10 x 1
1 1 1
Zin = 1 + ( + + )-1 = 1.0101 – j0.1 =
j 10 − j 0.1 1
1.015 < -5.653o
o
2> 0 o’
I= o = 1.9704 < 5.653
1.015<−5.653
i(t) = 1.9704cos(10t + 5.653o) A
= 1.9704cos(10t+5.65°) A
Find Vrms @ T=2s
Solution
T
1
V ave = ∫ ydt
T 0
2
1
V ave =
20
∫(5−5 e−2 t ) dt
V ave =3.77 v
T
1
yRm s =
2
∫ y 2 dt
T 0
2
1
yRm s = ∫ (5−5 e ) dt
2 −2 t 2
20
yRm s =√ 15.55 or 3.98v
2
Solved by: Andre Patriana
Simulations
Problem A.
Problem C.
