DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech.(COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS)

Out Come based Curriculum and Syllabi

Regulations 2014-15

(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic year

2014- 2015 onwards)

1
 Semester I

Sl. Course
Course Title L T P C TCH
No Code
Theory
1. PMA106 Advanced Applied Mathematics * 3 1 0 4 4
2. PES101 Digital Signal Processing * 3 1 0 4 4
3. PCS105 Material Science and Engineering * 3 1 0 4 4
4. PVL102 Digital CMOS Design * 3 1 0 4 4
5. PCS106 Solid State Devices * 3 1 0 4 4
6. PCS102 Advanced Radiation Systems* 3 1 0 4 4
Total 24 24
* Common to VLSI and PO

Semester II

Sl. Course
Course Title L T P C TCH
No Code
Theory
1. PCS201 Mobile Communication Networks 3 1 0 4 4

2. PCS202 Multimedia Compression Techniques 3 1 0 4 4

3. PCS203 Microwave Integrated Circuits 3 1 0 4 4
4. PCS204 Satellite Communication 3 1 0 4 4
5. Elective I 3 0 0 3 3
6. Elective II 3 0 0 3 3
Practical
7. PCS205 Communication System Lab
0 0 3 2 3
Total 24 25

2
 Semester III
Sl. Course
Course Title L T P C TCH
No Code
Theory
1. Elective III 3 0 0 3 3
2. Elective IV 3 0 0 3 3
3. Elective V 3 0 0 3 3
Practical
4. PCS301 Project Work (Phase I)
0 0 12 6 12
Total 15 21
Semester IV

Sl. Course Course Title L T P C TCH

No Code
Practical
1. PCS401 Project Work (Phase II) 0 0 24 12 24
Total 12 24

TOTAL CREDITS : 75
LIST OF ELECTIVES
Course
S.No Course Title L T P C TCH
Code
1 PCS701 Communication Protocol Engineering 3 0 0 3 3
PCS704 Network Routing Algorithms
2 3 0 0 3 3
PCS705 Global Positioning Systems
3 3 0 0 3 3
PCS706 Digital Image Processing
4 3 0 0 3 3
PCE704 Internetworking Multimedia
5 3 0 0 3 3
PCS708 Electromagnetic Interference and
6 3 0 0 3 3
Compatibility in System Design
PCS709 Communication Network Security
7 3 0 0 3 3
PCS711 Wireless Sensor Networks
8 3 0 0 3 3
PCS103 Optical Communication Networks
9 3 0 0 3 3
PIT101 Advanced Data Communication
10 3 0 0 3 3
PCS712 Cognitive Radio
11 3 0 0 3 3

3
 SEMESTER-I
ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS
L T P C
3 1 0 4

PMA106 ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS 4 Credits

Goal Develop the Mathematical skills to formulate certain practical problems, solve
them and physically interpret the results

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the student to The students should be able to:
1. Understand the techniques to solve 1. Able to write the algorithm for solving the
the system of equations using direct simultaneous equations for direct and
method and indirect methods. Learns indirect methods. Identifies the Eigen
to decompose the matrix in the LU values using conventional method and
form and to find the Eigen value of a compares with numerical solutions. Able
matrix using power and Jacobi to write the algorithm to find the Eigen
methods. values of a matrix.
2. Able to form the wave equations with
2. Learn to classify the initial and initial conditions and solve them using
boundary value problems. D'Alemberts solutions. Solves the wave
Understands the D'Alemberts equations using Laplace transform for
solution of the one dimensional wave displacements in long string – long string
equation. Learn significance of under its weight and free and forced
characteristic curves. vibrations.
3. Solves the Bessel‟s equation and
Legendre equations. Using Bessel‟s
3. Learn series solutions of Bessel‟s and function solves many practical problems
Legendre equations. Understand that arise in electrical transmission
recurrence relation, generating problems and vibration of membranes as
functions and orthogonal properties. in loudspeakers.
4. Evaluates the probability using addition
and multiplication theorem. Applies
4. Learn basics of probability, addition Baye‟s for practical problems to find the
and multiplication, Baye‟s theorems. probability. Verifies whether a given
Understands the concept of random function is a probability mass or density
variable, moment generating function function. Applies the discrete and
and their properties. Learn standard continuous distributions for solving
distributions in discrete and practical problems. Evaluates the
continuous cases moments of the distributions using
moment generating function.
5. Learns the different Markovian 5. Able to analyze and classify the models,
models with finite and infinite M / M / 1, M / M / C, finite and infinite
capacity and understands to classify capacity and solves practical problems
them. related to the queuing models.

4
UNIT I LINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATION AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS 12
System of Equations – Solution by Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods – LU
decomposition method – Indirect methods – Gauss Jacobi and Gauss Seidel methods – Eigen
values of a matrix using Jacobi and power methods.
UNIT II WAVE EQUATION 12
Solution of initial and boundary value problems - Characteristics - D'Alembert's solution -
Significance of characteristic curves - Laplace transform solutions for displacement in a long
string, in a long string under its weight - a bar with prescribed force on one end - Free vibrations
of a string.

UNIT III SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 12

Series solutions - Bessel's equation - Bessel functions - Legendre's equation - Legendre
polynomials - Rodrigue's formula - Recurrence relations - Generating functions and orthogonal
property for Bessel functions of the first kind - Legendre polynomials.

UNIT IVPROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLE 12

Discrete and Continuous random variables – Moments – Moment generating functions -
Standard distributions - Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Normal
,Exponential, Gamma and Weibull distributions – Two dimensional random variables – Joint,
Marginal and Conditional distributions. Correlation and Regression.

UNIT V QUEUING THEORY 12

Markovian models – Birth and death queuing models – Steady state – Single and Multiple
servers – M/M/1 – Finite and infinite capacity – M/M/C – finite and infinite capacity.

TOTAL: 60
REFERENCES
1) Taha, H.A., “Operations Research - An Introduction ", Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 6th
Edition, New Delhi, 1997.
2) Dr.Singaravelu A., Dr.Siva Subramanian S., and Dr.Ramachandran C., “Probability and
Queuing Theory”, Meenakshi agency, 20th edition, January 2013.
3) Veerarajan T., “Probability, Statistics and Random Processes”, Tata McGraw-Hill,
second edition, 2004.
4) Grewal B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Khanna Publishers, 34th edition.
5) Sankara Rao K., “Introduction to Partial Differential Equations”, PHI, 1995.
6) Veerarajan T., “Mathematics IV”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2000.

5
 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

LT P C
3 1 0 4

PES101 DIGITAL SIGNAL 4 CREDITS

PROCESSING
Prerequisite
Goal To introduce the Fundamental Concepts of different
signal processing techniques using Digital Processors
and various transforms and their utility in control
systems.
Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the At the end of the course the student should be able to:
students to :

(1) Study the Concept of (1) Understand the various types of Signals and
Signals and Systems and Systems along with their properties.
their processing techniques.

(2) Study the Sampling and (2) Understand the sampling and Reconstruction of
Quantization techniques and Band limited and Band pass signals along-with
to change the rate of sampling rate conversion procedures.
sampling.

(3) Study the Characteristics (3) Understand the performance parameters of LTI
and various transform system and various Transform techniques in
analysis of LTI systems Frequency domain.

(4) Study the design techniques (4) Understand the structure and design techniques
of IIR and FIR filters. of IIR and FIR filters and their conversion
between domains.

(5) Study the fundamental (5) Know the various type of processors and
concepts of real time Digital programming concepts.
Signal Processors.

UNIT I DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 9

Discrete time signal- Basic definition- Some elementary Discrete Time Signals-Representation
of signals-Discrete time systems- Basic operation sequences-linear systems-Time invariant
systems-Causal systems-Stable systems- Linear time invariant systems-Properties of LTI
systems- Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equations-Fourier Transform Of Discrete
Time Signals - Z-Transform-Inverse Z-Transform
UNIT II SAMPLING OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS 9
Periodic Sampling-Reconstruction of Band Limited Signal from its samples- Sampling of Band
Pass signals-Sampling rate conversion-Decimation by decimation factors- Inter polarization by
6
an integer Factor-Sampling rate conversion by rational Factor-Sampling rate conversion of
Band pass signals-A/D Conversion- Quantization -Coding-D/A conversion.

UNIT III TRANSFORM ANALYSIS OF LTI SYSTEMS 9

Ideal filter characteristics-System function and frequency response of LTI systems-Stability and
Causality-All pass systems-Minimum phase systems-Discrete Fourier Transform-Relationship
between DFT and Fourier Transform of a Discrete Time Signal-Frequency analysis of signals
using DFT-Fast Fourier Transform.

UNIT IV DESIGN OF FILTERS 9

Block Diagram and signal flow graph representation- Basic structure of IIR Systems-Basic
Structure of FIR Systems-Design of FIR Filters -Design of FIR filter by windowing-Classical
continuous -Time Low Pass Filter Approximations-Conversion of transfer functions from
continuous to discrete Time frequency Transformations of Low Pass Filters.

UNIT V PRACTICAL DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS 9

Fundamentals of Fixed Point DSP architecture-Fixed Point representation of numbers-
Arithmetic computation- Memory accessing-Pipelining of instructions-Features of example
processors- Floating point DSPs-Floating point Representation of numbers- Comparison of
DSPs.
L = 45, T=15, TOTAL=60

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Oppenheim and RW Scaffer- Digital Signal Processing-PHI,2000
2. Proakis And Manolakis “Digital Signal Processing: principles, Algorithms and applications
“PHI,1992

REFERENCE:
1. Rabiner and Gold-Theory and Application of Digital Processing-PHI,1975.

7
 MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LTPC
3 1 04

PCS105 MATERIAL SCIENCE AND 4 CREDITS

ENGINEERING
Prerequisite -

Goal

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the students to At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Students get the knowledge of
Engineering Materials, Basic 1. Differentiate the materials based on
Structure, Properties and structure, properties and performance and
Performance also, about bonding bonding.
structures 2. Awareness about cubic and non-cubic
2. Students are exposed to detailed Polymorphism, Disorder in Metallic
study on cubic and non-cubic Structures, Polymers and Solutions
structures Polymorphism, Unit 3. Capable of analyzing depth of conduction
Cell Geometry, Crystal in materials about magnetics
Directions, Planes, Diffraction, 4. Knowledge about optical properties of
Also exposure to Imperfection in dielectric materials, polarization, and
crystalline Materials, Order and about the optical properties of ceramic
Disorder in Polymers, Solid dielectric transparent materials, Light
Solutions, in Ceramic and Emitting Solids.
Metallic Compounds and 5. Students gain the knowledge about
Polymers. engineering materials under various
3. Exposure to Conductivity and conditions, effect of corrosion and
Energy Bands, Intrinsic & control.
Extrinsic Semiconductors, and
exposure to magnetic materials
properties, domain, ceramic
magnets, metallic magnets and
dia magnetism
4. Students study in detail about
dielectric and optical ceramics
and polymer.
5. Exposure is given about Material
Service Performance, Corrosion
and Control, Effect of
Temperatures and radiation

8
Unit :1
Introduction to Material Science and Engineering
Materials and Civilization, Materials and Engineering, Structure, Properties and Performance,
Types of Materials

Atomic Bonding and Co-ordination

Atoms, Ions, Molecules, Macromolecules (Polymers), Three-dimensional bonding, Interatomic
distances, Generalizations based on Atomic Bonding.

Unit :2
Crystals
Cubic & Non-Cubic Structures, Polymorphism, Unit Cell Geometry, Crystal Directions, Crystal
Planes, X-Ray Diffraction.

Disorder in Solid Phase

Imperfection, Non-crystalline Materials, Order and Disorder in Polymers, Solid Solutions, Solid
Solutions in Ceramic and Metallic Compounds, Solid Solutions in Polymers.

Unit :3
Conduction Materials
Charge Carriers Metallic Conductivity Energy Bands, Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductors,
Semiconductor Processing.

Magnetic Properties of Ceramics and Metals

Magnetic Materials, Magnetic Domains Ceramic Magnets, Metallic Magnets, Dia Magnetism.

Unit :4
Dielectric and Optical Properties of Ceramics and Polymers
Dielectric Materials, Polarization Polymeric Dielectrics, Transparent Materials, Light Emitting
Solids.

Unit : 5
Performance of Materials in Service
Service Performance, Corrosion, Corrosion Control, Performance at High Temperatures,
Performance of Polymers. Performance of Ceramics at High Temperature, Radiation Damage

Text :
1. Lawrence H.Van Vlack Elements of Materials Science and Engineering, Addison –
Wesley Publishing Company (Latest Edition)
References:
1. B.D. Cullity, Introduction to Magnetic Material‟s, Addison Wesley Publishing Company
2. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering
3. L.H.Vanvleck, Materials for Engineers Concepts & Applications
4. OH. Wyahand D.Dew-Hugnes, Metals, Ceramics & Polymers Cambridge, Unit Press.

9
 DIGITAL CMOS DESIGN

L T P C
3 1 0 4

PVL102 DIGITAL CMOS DESIGN 4 CREDITS

Prerequisite -

Goal The student will get to know the CMOS process

technology, CMOS Transistor theory and design
of combinational and sequential circuits using
CMOS and the basics of verilog programming
language.

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the students to At the end of the course the student should be able
to:

6. Understand the concept of CMOS

6. Study the concept of CMOS transistor theory and CMOS process
transistor theory and CMOS technology,
process technology
7. Understand the concept of CMOS inverter
7. Study the concept of CMOS and able to draw stick diagram for the
inverter and the design of logic gates and design of combinational
combinational logic circuits , logic circuits,
8. Study the concept of sequential 8. Understand the concept of sequential
circuits with timing issues, circuits with timing issues, clocking
clocking strategies and pipeline strategies and pipeline techniques,
techniques,
9. Understand the concept of arithmetic
9. Study the concept of arithmetic blocks and also able to design the
building blocks, arithmetic blocks,
10. Study the concept of Verilog 10. Understand the concept of verilog HDL
HDL language. language and able to write verilog code.

UNIT I MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGY 9

NMOS and PMOS transistors, Threshold voltage –Body effect- Design equations – Second
order effects, MOS models and small signal AC characteristics-Basic CMOS technology

10
UNIT II CMOS INVERTER AND COMBINATIONAL LOGIC 9

NMOS and CMOS inverters, Stick diagram, Propagation delay, Examples of combinational
logic design, Pass transistor logic – Power dissipation

UNIT III SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS 9

Static and Dynamic Latches and Registers, Timing Issues, Pipelines, Clocking strategies,
Synchronous and Asynchronous Design.

UNIT IV DESIGNING ARITHMETIC BUILDING BLOCKS 9

Datapath circuits, Architectures for Adders, Accumulators, Multipliers, Barrel Shifters, Memory
Architectures, and Memory control circuits

UNIT V VERILOG HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE 9

Overview of digital design with Verilog HDL, Hierarchical modeling concepts, Modules and
port definitions, Gate level modeling, Data flow modeling, Behavioral modeling, Task &
functions, Test Bench.

TOTAL:60

REFERENCES:

1. Jan Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, B Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design

Perspective”. Second Edition, Feb 2003, Prentice Hall of India.
2. N.Weste, K. Eshraghian, “ Principles of CMOS VLSI Design”. Second Edition, 1993
Addision Wesley,
3. M J Smith, “Application Specific Integrated Circuits”, Addisson Wesley, 1997
4. Samir Palnitkar, “Verilog HDL”, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2004.
5. Eugene D.Fabricius, “Introduction to VLSI Design”, McGraw Hill International
Editions, 1990.
6. Pucknell, “Basic VLSI Design”, Prentice Hall of India Publication, 1995.

11
 SOLID STATE DEVICES
LTPC
3104

PCS106 SOLID STATE DEVICES 4 CREDITS

Goal The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the principle of
operation, capabilities and limitation of various electron devices so that he will
be able to use these devices effectively.

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the student to The students should be able to:
1. Learn about motion of charge in 6. Calibrate force and motion of a charge in
electric and microtic field effect of electric and magnetic fields, carrier
force and moving charge calculation densities in intrinsic and extrinsic
of cyclotron frequency, electro static semiconductor, implementing mass action
magnetic deflection sensitivity, Fermi law.
- Dirac probability distribution 7. Apply law of electrical neutrality
function, thermal generation intrinsic calculation of location of Fermi level and
semiconductors, mass action law hole densities in extrinsic semiconductors
2. Learn Energy band structure of as well as mobility, drift current, diffusion
materials, Electrical neutrality, current, use of continuity equation and
calculation of fermi level – hole – hall effect, evaluate the conduction of PN
electron, mobility drift current, Junction as a function of temperature.
conductivity diffusion current Hall 8. Evaluate the characteristics of given diode
effect, band structure of PN Junction, for application
temperature depend in characteristics. 9. Analyze the characteristics of given
3. Learn Calculation of transition and transistor, at critical voltage and current
diffusion capacitance, characteristics values as required by the applications.
of varactor diode, avalanche and zener 10. Evaluate ohmic contact characteristics,
breakdown, effect of temperature and power control device characteristics and
breakdown, Effect of light and application
tunneling effect.
4. Learn junction transistors, current
components, gain-with modulation
Breakdown characteristics, Ebers–
Moll model, Transistor switching
times. Characteristics of JFET, pinch
off voltage and drain current
MOSFETs
5. Learn charectersistics of ohmic
contacts, semiconductor powercontrol
devices such as UJT, SCR Triac and
Diac.

12
UNIT I ELECTRON BALLISTICS AND INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS 9
Force on charge in electric field – Motion of Charge in uniform and time varying electric fields
– Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field – calculation of cyclotron frequency –
calculation of electrostatic and magnetic deflection sensitivity.
Energy band structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators – Density distribution of
available energy states in semiconductors – Fermi- Dirac probability distribution function at
different temperatures – Thermal generation of carriers – Calculation of electron and hole
densities in intrinsic semiconductors – Intrinsic concentration – Mass Action Law.
UNIT II EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR AND PN JUNCTIONS 9
N and P type semiconductors and their energy band structures – Law of electrical neutrality –
Calculation of location of Fermi level and free electron and hole densities in extrinsic
semiconductors – Mobility, drift current and conductivity – Diffusion current – Continuity
equation - Hall effect.
Band structure of PN Junction – Current Component in a PN Junction – Derivation of diode
equation – Temperature dependence of diode characteristics.
UNIT III SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF PN JUNCTION AND SPECIAL
DIODES 9
Calculation of transition and diffusion capacitance – Varactor diode – charge control description
of diode – switching characteristics of diode – Mechanism of avalanche and Zener breakdown –
Temperature dependence of breakdown voltages – Backward diode – Tunneling effect in thin
barriers Tunnel diode – Photo diode – Light emitting diodes.
UNIT IV BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS AND FIELD EFFECT
TRANSISTORS
9
Construction of PNP and NPN transistors – BJT current components – Emitter to collector and
base to collector current gains – Base width modulation CB and CE characteristics –
Breakdown characteristics – Ebers – Moll model – Transistor switching times.
Construction and Characteristics of JFET – Relation between Pinch off Voltage and drain
current – Derivation. MOSFET – Enhancement and depletion types.
UNIT V METAL SEMICONDUCTOR CONTACTS AND POWER CONTROL
DEVICES 9
Metal Semiconductor Contacts - Energy band diagram of metal semiconductor junction
Schottky diode and ohmic contacts.
Power control devices: Characteristics and equivalent circuit of UJT - intrinsic stand off ratio.
PNPN diode – Two transistor model, SCR, Triac, Diac.
L = 45, TOTAL = 45
TEXT BOOK
Jacob Millman & Christos C.Halkias, “Electronic Devices and Circuits” Tata McGraw–Hill,
1991 .
REFERENCES
1. Nandita Das Gupta and Amitava Das Gupta, Semiconductor Devices – Modeling
2. and Technology, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
3. Donald A.Neaman,” Semiconductor Physics and Devices” 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill,
2002.
4. S.Salivahanan, N.Sureshkumar and A.Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,
TMH, 1998.
5. S.M.Sze, Semiconductor Devices – Physics and Technology, 2nd edn. John Wiley, 2002.
6. Ben G.Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Pearson
Education 2000.
13
 ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS
LTPC
3 10 4
PCS102 ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS 4 CREDITS
Prerequisite Antennas & Propagation
Goal To make the student knowledge be in various types of antennas used in
communication
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to: At the end of the course the students
„ :
1. Review the fundamentals of E.M. 1.Must become familiar with fundamental
radiation and specifications for antennas
2. Reason for using arrays types and 2. Must become knowledgeable for reasons
advantages for going for arrays and their advantages &
3. Discuss the operative types of disadvantages.
Antennas 3. Should have knowledge of several aperture
4. Have knowledge about micro strip type antennas and their advantages.
antennas and their advantages. 4. Understand the various micro strip
5. Discuss and appreciate polarization as antennas and typical uses for them.
related to antennas and exploit it. 5. Familiar with polarization and its
utilization in increasing bandwidth.

UNIT I CONCEPTS OF RADIATION 9

Retarded vector potentials – Heuristic approach and Maxwell‟s equation approach. The Lorentz
gauge condition. Vector potential in Phasor form. Fields radiated by an alternating current
element. Total power radiated and radiation resistance. Radiation from Half wave dipole from
assumed current distribution. Power radiated in the farfield. Electric vector potential F for a
magnetic current source M. Far zone fields due to magnetic source M.
UNIT II ANTENNA ARRAYS 9
N element linear arrays – uniform amplitude and spacing. Phased arrays. Directivity of
Broadside and End fire arrays. Three dimensional characteristics. Binomial arrays and Dolph-
Tchebycheff arrays. Circular array. Antenna Synthesis- Line source and discretization of
continuous sources. Schelkunoff polynomial method. Fourier transform method.

UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS 9

Magnetic current – Duality. Electric and Magnetic current sheets as sources. Huyghens source.
Radiation through an aperture in an absorbing screen. Fraunhoffer and Fresnel diffraction.
Cornu Spiral. Complimentary screens and slot antennas. Slot and dipoles as dual antennas.
Babinets principle. Fourier transform in aperture antenna theory.

UNIT IV HORN, MICROSTRIP, REFLECTOR ANTENNAS 9

E and H plane sectoral Horns. Pyramidal horns. Conical and corrugated Horns. Multimode
horns. Phase center. Microstrip antennas – feeding methods. Rectangular patch- Transmission

14
line model Parabolic Reflector antennas – Prime focus and cassegrain reflectors. Equivalent
focal length of Cassegrain antennas. Spillover and taper efficiencies. Optimum illumination.

UNIT V ANTENNA POLARIZATION 9

Simple relationship involving spherical triangles. Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization.
Development of the Poincare sphere. Representation of the state of polarization in the Poincare
sphere. Random polarization – Stokes parameters.
L=45, T=15, TOTAL= 60
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Balanis, C.A., “Antenna Theory” Wiley, 2003
2. Jordan, E.C., “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems”. PHI 2003

REFERENCES:
1. Krauss, J.D., “Radio Astronomy” McGraw-Hill 1966, (UNIT V)
2. Krauss, J.D.,, Fleisch, D.A., “Electromagnetics” McGraw-Hill,1999

15
 SEMESTER II
MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
LTPC
4 00 4
PCS201 MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 4 CREDITS
Prerequisite Nil
Goal To introduce the evolution and concepts of mobile communication networks,
various modulation techniques, propagation models, network architecture and
protocol standards.
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to: At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
.
1. Describe the evolution and the fundamental 1. Learn the evolution and concepts of
of cellular radio concepts. cellular communication
2. Discuss the different radio propagation 2. Learn the various radio propagation
models and air protocols. models.
3. Understand the various Mobile network 3. Discuss the famous mobile network
architecture. architecture and its operation.
4. Understand the various issues in Wireless 4. Learn the various issues of wireless
Networks. network.
5. Learn the various security related issues in 5. Understand various security mechanism
the wireless networks. of a wireless networks.

UNIT I OPERATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 12

Operation of first, second and third generation wireless networks: cellular systems, medium
access techniques, Mobile networks, elementary Principles of cellular Telephony Channel
Division Techniques (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA) Cellular Coverage Methods Network Planning
and Resource Allocation, Network Dimensioning and Mobility Management Procedures.

UNIT II PROPAGATION MODELS AND AIR PROTOCOLS 12

Radio propagation models, error control techniques, handoff, power control, Soft handover,
Forward link - Reverse link - common air protocols (AMPS, IS-95, IS-136, GSM, GPRS,
EDGE, WCDMA, cdma2000, etc)

UNIT III MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 12

General Architecture definition, Mobile Terminals (MT, SIM) Radio Section (BTS, BSC) Core
Network (MSC, G-MSC, VLR, HLR, AuC) User and Control Plane Protocol Stack, MAP &
SS#7, the Key Role of Signaling Interfaces and Network Entities Relation The Physical
Channel, The Logical Channels Terminal, Call and Network Management Procedures, Network
Planning.

16
UNIT IV WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 12
Wireless Local Area Networks , General Characteristics of the Hyper LAN System, 802.11
Standard, Basic DCF access scheme, DCF Access Scheme with Handshaking, PCF Access
Scheme, The 802.11a Standard, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing
Energy Efficiency, Localization, Clustering.

UNIT V SECURITY ISSUES IN WIRELESS NETWORKS 12

Security in Wireless Networks, Secure routing, Key Pre-distribution and Management,
Encryption and Authentication, Security in Group Communication, Trust Establishment and
Management, Denial of Service Attacks, Energy-aware security mechanisms, Location
verification, Security on Data fusion.
L = 60, TOTAL= 60
TEXT BOOK
1. T.S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles & Practice”, Second Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. W. Stallings, “Wireless Communications and Networks”, Prentice Hall, 2002.
2. V.K. Garg, “IS-95 CDMA and CDMA 2000”, Prentice Hall PTR, 2000.
3. Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, “Communication Networks, Fundamental Concepts and Key
Architectures”, McGraw-Hill, 2000.
4. J.Schiller,”Mobile Communications”, Addison Wesley, 2000.
5. Fred Halsall, “Multimedia Communications, Applications, Networks, Protocols and
Standards”, Addison Wesley, 2001.
6. Uyless Black ,”Mobile and Wireless Networks” , Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.

17
 MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
LTPC
4 0 0 4
PCS202 MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION 4 CREDITS
TECHNIQUES
Prerequisite
Goal To introduce the Fundamental Concepts in Multimedia
and its compression techniques and standards for
transmission and storage
Objectives Outcome
The course should enable the At the end of the course the student should be able to:
students to :
(6) Study the Concepts in (6) Understand the concept Multimedia Compression
Video and Digital Audio and Error analysis
(7) Study the Text (7) Understand the various Coding Techniques
Compression (8) Understand the concepts of μ- Law, A- Law,
(8) Study the Audio G.722, MPEG audio
Compression (9) Understand the concept of Predictive techniques
(9) Study the Image and JPEG standards
Compression (10) Know the various MPEG standards and DVI
(10) Study the Video technologies and applications
Compression

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 12
Special features of Multimedia – Graphics and Image Data Representations – Fundamental
Concepts in Video and Digital Audio – Storage requirements for multimedia applications –Need
for Compression - Taxonomy of compression techniques – Overview of source coding, source
models, scalar and vector quantization theory – Evaluation techniques – Error analysis and
methodologies

UNIT II TEXT COMPRESSION 12

Compaction techniques – Huffmann coding – Adaptive Huffmann Coding – Arithmetic coding–
Shannon-Fano coding – Dictionary techniques – LZW family algorithms

UNIT III AUDIO COMPRESSION 12

Audio compression techniques - μ- Law and A- Law companding. Frequency domain and
filtering – Basic sub-band coding – Application to speech coding – G.722 – Application to
audio coding – MPEG audio, progressive encoding for audio – Silence compression, speech
compression techniques – Formant and CELP Vocoders

UNIT IV IMAGE COMPRESSION 12

Predictive techniques – DM, PCM, and DPCM: Optimal Predictors and Optimal Quantization –
Contour based compression – Transform Coding – JPEG Standard – Sub-band coding
algorithms: Design of Filter banks – Wavelet based compression: Implementation using filters –
EZW, SPIHT coders – JPEG 2000 standards - JBIG, JBIG2 standards.

18
UNIT V VIDEO COMPRESSION 12
Video compression techniques and standards – MPEG Video Coding I: MPEG – 1 and 2
– MPEG Video Coding II: MPEG – 4 and 7 – Motion estimation and compensation techniques
– H.261 Standard – DVI technology – PLV performance – DVI real time compression – Packet
Video.
L = 60, TOTAL=60
REFERENCES:
1. Khalid Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression, Morgan Kauffman Harcourt India, 2nd
Edition, 2000.
2. David Salomon, Data Compression – The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag New York
Inc., 2nd Edition, 2001.
3. Yun Q.Shi, Huifang Sun, Image and Video Compression for Multimedia Engineering -
Fundamentals, Algorithms & Standards, CRC press, 2003.
4. Peter Symes, Digital Video Compression, McGraw Hill Pub., 2004.
5. Mark Nelson, Data compression, BPB Publishers, New Delhi,1998.
6. Mark S.Drew, Ze-Nian Li : Fundamentals of Multimedia, PHI, 1st Edition, 2003.
7. Watkinson,J, Compression in Video and Audio, Focal press,London.1995.
8. Jan Vozer , Video Compression for Multimedia, AP Profes, NewYork, 1995

19
 MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
LTPC
4 00 4
PCS203 MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 4 CREDITS
Prerequisite Microwave Engineering, Electromagnetic fields.
Goal To know the Integrated circuit technology for Microwave IC fabrication, to
analyze the various Stiplines and waveguide structures and to design Lumped
and Non-reciprocal components for Microwave applications.

Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the students to: At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Understand Microwave Integrated 1. Have a good knowledge on the thin film
Circuit technology, thin film and technology.
active devices.

2. Develop an in-depth knowledge on 2. Understand the various techniques used in

MMICs and various process steps MMIC technology

3. Study the various in the design of 3. Solve microstrip line related problems and
micro-striplines. numerical design of the same.

4. Study the integration of waveguides

and couplers on chip. 4. Understand various forms of waveguide
embedding and coupler design.
5. Understand the design of microwave
lumped and non-reciprocal elements. 5. Understand the design of various
microwave lumped elements.

UNIT I TECHNOLOGY OF HYBRID MICS 12

Dielectric substrates - thick film technology and materials - thin film technology and materials –
methods of testing – encapsulation of devices for MICs – mounting of active devices.
UNIT II TECHNOLOGY OF MONOLITHIC MICS 12
Processes involved in fabrication – epitaxial growth of semiconductor layer – growth of
dielectric layer – diffusion-ion implantation – electron beam technology.

UNIT III ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP LINE 12

Methods of conformal transformation – numerical method for analysis – hybrid mode analysis –
coupled mode analysis- method of images – losses in miscrostrips.
UNIT IV COUPLED MICROSTRIPS, SLOT LINE AND COPLANAR WAVEGUIDES
12
Coupled microstrips – even and odd mode analysis – microstrip directional couplers – branch
line couplers – periodic branch line couplers – synchronous branch line couplers.

UNIT V LUMPED ELEMENTS AND NON-RECIPROCAL COMPONENTS 12

20
Design and fabrication using microstrips – flat resistors – flat inductors – interdigital capacitors
– sandwich capacitors – ferromagnetic substrates for non-reciprocal devices – microstrip
circulators– latching circulators – isolators – phase shifters.

TOTAL=60
TEXT BOOK:
1. Gupta,K.C, and Amarjit singh – “Microwave Integrated Circuits” – John Wiley and sons –
Wiley Eastern Reprint, 1978.

REFERENCE:
1. Hoffmann, R.K – “Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits” – Artech House,

21
 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
LTPC
4004

SATELLITE
PCS204 4 CREDITS
COMMUNICATION

Prerequisite
Goal The student will get to know the satellite systems
advantages and disadvantages and the various
services offered by Satellite Systems
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students At the end of the course the student should be able
to to:

1. Know keplers laws of 1. Keplers laws for planetary motion and its
Planetary motion and its application to Earth Satellite System
application to Earth satellite 2. The three types of orbits to which the
systems, orbital elements and satellite can be launched and maintaining
controlling of them. them in the specified orbits to the accuracy
2. Know the 3 types of orbits and requires by Indiana tuned authorities.
launching satellite into there 3. Must be capable of designing satellite
orbits and maintaining them communication links for a given range and
there throughout their life. for given specifications either digital or
3. Know the details of Analogue.
communication link 4. Must understand the various multiple access
throughout the satellite both technique available for the users of the
uplink and downlink satellite and the comparative merits and
4. Know how a satellite can be demerits
accessed by many who come 5. To become familiar with the several services
within its range of visibility possible in satellite system and to know the
5. To know the several services capabilities of national, regional &
offered by a satellite and the international systems
national, regional and
international systems currently
operating.

UNIT I ORBITAL MECHANICS 12

Kepler‟s laws of motion, Orbits, Orbit Equations, Orbit Description, Locating the Satellite in
the Orbit and with Respect to Earth, Orbital Elements-Look Angle Determination and Visibility
– Orbital Perturbations, Orbit Determination, Launch Vehicles, Orbital Effects in
Communication System -Performance Attitude control; Satellite launch vehicles, spectrum
allocations for satellite systems.

UNIT II SPACECRAFT SUB SYSTEMS AND EARTH STATION 12

Spacecraft Subsystems, Altitude and Orbit Control, Telemetry and Tracking, Power Systems,
Communication Subsystems, Transponders, Antennas, Equipment Reliability, Earth Stations,
example of payloads of operating and planned systems.
22
UNIT III SPACE LINKS 12
The Space Link, Satellite Link Design - Satellite uplink -down link power Budget, Basic
Transmission Theory, System Noise Temp, G/T Ratio, Noise Figure, Downlink Design, Design
of Satellite Links for Specified C/N - Microwave Propagation on Satellite-Earth Paths –
Interference between satellite circuits, Energy Dispersal, propagation characteristics of fixed
and mobile satellite links.

UNIT IV MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES AND NETWORK ASPECTS 12

Single access vs. multiple access (MA). Classical MA techniques: FDMA, TDMA. Single
channel per carrier (SCPC) access - Code division multiple access (CDMA). Demand
assignment techniques. Examples of MA techniques for existing and planned systems (e.g. the
satellite component of UMTS) - Mobile satellite network design, ATM via satellite - TCP/IP via
satellite – Call control, handover and call set up procedures - Hybrid satellite-terrestrial
networks.

UNIT V SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS 12

Fixed and mobile services - Multimedia satellite services - Advanced applications based on
satellite platforms - INTELSAT series - INSAT, VSAT, Remote Sensing - Mobile satellite
service: GSM - GPS, INMARSAT, Navigation System, Direct to Home service (DTH), Special
services, E-mail, Video conferencing and Internet connectivity.
TOTAL=60
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dennis Roddy, “Satellite Communications”, Third Edition, Mc Graw Hill International
Editions, 2001.
REFERENCES:

1. Bruce R.Elbert, “The Satellite Communication Applications Hand Book, Artech House
Boston,1997.
2. Wilbur L.Pritchard, Hendri G.Suyderhood, Robert A.Nelson,”Satellite Communication
Systems Engineering”, II Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993
3. Tri T.Ha, “Digital satellite communication”, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New york.1990

23
 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAB
LTPC
0 0 3 2
PCS205 COMMUNICATION 2 CREDITS
SYSTEM LAB

Prerequisite NIL
Goal To Provide hands on training with MATLAB
simulator with various tool boxes available in
MATLAB and Simulink block sets for communication
engineering.
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students At the end of the course the student should be able to:
to:
1. Know MATLAB simulation 1. MATLAB simulation software to perform
software to perform Signal various Signal Processing exercises,
Processing exercises,

2. Learn how to the S-parameters of 2. Write MATLAB coding to determine S-

microwave devices parameters of microwave devices.

3. Obtain the performance of digital 3. Use Communication system tool box to

modulation techniques and CDMA evaluate the performance of digital modulation
system techniques and CDMA system

4. Learn how to the characteristics of 4. Analyze the characteristics of a transmission

a transmission line line

5. Learn to Use Computer vision tool 5. Use Computer vision tool box for
box Thresholding, Histogram, Edge detection

6. Learn Simulation of audio and

6. Obtain the audio and speech compression using
speech compression using
MATLAB.
MATLAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Simulation of Modulation and Coding in an AWGN Communication Channel using

Simulation Packages. 6
2. Implementation of Adaptive Filters, periodogram and multistage multirate system in
DSP Processor. 6
3. Simulation of QMF using Simulation Packages. 6
24
4. Implementation of linear and cyclic codes. 3
5. S-parameter estimation of Microwave devices. 3
6. Performance evaluation of simulated CDMA System. 3
7. Characteristics of λ/4 and λ/2 transmission lines. 3
8. Thresholding, Histogram, Edge detection using Computer Vision Tool box. 6

9. Performance evaluation of digital modulation techniques. 6

10. Audio and speech compression. 3

TOTAL:45

25
 SEMESTER III
PROJECT WORK (PHASE I)
LT P C
0 0 12 6

PCS301 PROJECT WORK(PHASE I) 6 CREDITS

Prerequisite
Goal To develop the student‟s skills and enable innovation in design and
fabrication work from the theoretical and practical skill acquired from the
previous semesters.
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to: At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Select and work on real life 1. Appreciate various aspects of the
application in the field of Electronics curriculum which support students in
& Communication, increasing their mastery,
2. Implement their skills acquired in 2. Get an idea and develop confidence
the previous semesters to practical in designing, analyzing and executing
problems, the project,
3. Apply and enhance the knowledge 3. Develop knowledge of latest trends in
acquired in the related field, fabrication and relate their ideas to
4. Make the students come up with new industrial applications,
ideas in their area of interest. 4. Have complete understanding of
making a product.
NOTE:
The objective of the project work is to enable the students on a project involving theoretical
and experimental studies related to the branch of study. Every project work shall have a guide
who is the member of the faculty of the institution. Twelve hours per week shall be allotted in
the time table and this time shall be utilized by the students to receive the directions from the
guide, on library reading, laboratory work, computer analysis or field work as assigned by the
guide and also to present in periodical seminars on the progress made in the project.
Each student will be assigned any one of the following types of project/thesis work:
(a) Industrial case study
(b) Preparation of a feasibility report
(c) Thesis by experimental research, and
(d) Design and development of equipment.
Each report must contain student's own analysis or design presented in the approved format.
Sessional marks will include
(a) Evaluation of the student's progress,
(b) Degree of involvement and participation,
(c) Merit of the project.

A student will have to defend his/her project/thesis and credit will be given on the merits of
presentation and viva-voce examination.

26
 SEMESTER IV
PROJECT WORK (PHASE II)
LT P C
0 0 24 12

PCS401 PROJECT WORK(PHASE II) 12 CREDITS

Prerequisite
Goal To develop the student‟s skills and enable innovation in design and
fabrication work from the theoretical and practical skill acquired from the
previous semesters.
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to: At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Select and work on real life 1. Appreciate various aspects of the
application in the field of Electronics curriculum which support students in
& Communication, increasing their mastery,
2. Implement their skills acquired in 2. Get an idea and develop confidence
the previous semesters to practical in designing, analyzing and executing
problems, the project,
3. Apply and enhance the knowledge 3. Develop knowledge of latest trends in
acquired in the related field, fabrication relate their ideas to
4. Make the students come up with new industrial applications,
ideas in his area of interest. 4. Have complete understanding of
making a product.

NOTE:
The objective of the project work is to enable the students on a project involving theoretical
and experimental studies related to the branch of study. Every project work shall have a guide
who is the member of the faculty of the institution. Twenty four hours per week shall be
allotted in the time table and this time shall be utilized by the students to receive the directions
from the guide, on library reading, laboratory work, computer analysis or field work as
assigned by the guide and also to present in periodical seminars on the progress made in the
project.
Each student will be assigned any one of the following types of project/thesis work:
(a) Industrial case study
(b) Preparation of a feasibility report
(c) Thesis by experimental research, and
(d) Design and development of equipment.
Each report must contain student's own analysis or design presented in the approved format.
Sessional marks will include
(a) Evaluation of the student's progress,
(b) Degree of involvement and participation,
(c) Merit of the project.

A student will have to defend his/her project/thesis and credit will be given on the merits of
presentation and viva-voce examination.

27
 LIST OF ELECTIVES

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL ENGINEERING

LTPC
3 0 0 3
COMMUNICATION
PCS701 3 CREDITS
PROTOCOL ENGINEERING
Prerequisite -
Goal To learn and understand the OSI model and TCP/IP
protocol suite for Communication Protocol
Engineering.

Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to At the end of the course the student should be able
to:
1. Study the OSI model and TCP/IP 1. Understand the network reference models
architecture for data for data communications,
communication,

2. Study the Internet protocol, SDL 2. Understand the concepts of Internet

and its specification languages, protocol and SDL protocol,

3. Study the concept of protocol 3. Verify a protocol using finite state machines
verification and validation, and validate them through different protocol
validation approaches,

4. Study the concept of protocol 4. Understand the concept of protocol

conformance and performance conformance test architecture and
testing, interoperability and scalability testing,

5. Study the concept of protocol 5. Understand the different protocol synthesis

synthesis and implementation. algorithms and implementation techniques.

UNIT I NETWORK REFERENCE MODEL 9

Communication model-software, subsystems, protocol, protocol development methods,
Protocol engineering process, Layered architecture, Network services and Interfaces, Protocol
functions, OSI model, TCP/IP protocol suite.

UNIT II PROTOCOL SPECIFICATIONS 9

Components of protocol, Specifications of Communication service, Protocol entity, Interface,
Interactions, Multimedia protocol, Internet protocol, SDL, SDL based protocol- other protocol
specification languages

28
UNIT III PROTOCOL VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION 9
Protocol verification, Verification of a protocol using finite state machines, Protocol validation,
protocol design errors, Protocol validation approaches, SDL based protocol verification and
validation.

UNIT IV PROTOCOL CONFORMANCE AND PERFORMANCE TESTING 9

Conformance testing methodology and frame work, Conformance test architectures, Test
sequence generation methods, Distributed architecture by local methods, Conformance testing
with TTCN, systems with semi controllable interfaces - RIP,SDL based tools for conformance
testing, SDL based conformance testing of MPLS Performance testing, SDL based performance
testing of TCP and OSPF, Interoperability testing, SDL based interoperability testing of
CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocol using Bridge, Scalability testing.

UNIT V PROTOCOL SYNTHESIS AND IMPLEMENTATION 9

Protocol synthesis, Interactive synthesis algorithm, Automatic synthesis algorithm, Automatic
synthesis of SDL from MSC, Protocol Re-synthesis; Requirements of protocol implementation,
Object based approach to protocol implementation, Protocol compilers, Tool for protocol
engineering.
L = 60, TOTAL= 60
REFERENCES
1. Pallapa Venkataram and Sunilkumar S.Manvi, “Communication protocol engineering”,
Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
2. Richard Lai and Ajin Jirachiefpattana, “Communication Protocol Specification and
Verification”, Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1998.
3. Tarnay, K., “Protocol Specification and Testing”, Springer, 1991.
4. Mohamed G. Gouda, “Elements of Network Protocol Design”, Wiley-Interscience, New
York, 1998.
5. V.Ahuja, “Design and Analysis of Computer Communication networks”, McGraw-Hill,
London, 1982.
6. G.J.Holtzmann, “Design and validation of Computer protocols”, Prentice Hall, New York,

29
 NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS
LTPC
3 0 03
NETWORK ROUTING
PCS704 3 CREDITS
ALGORITHMS
Prerequisite -
Goal To learn the various Network routing algorithms
for High speed and Mobile networks.

Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to At the end of the course the student should be able
to:
1. study the circuit switching networks 1.Understand the circuit switching network
and its routing algorithms and its routing algorithm,

2. study the packet switching networks 2.Understand the packet switching network
and its routing algorithms and its routing algorithm,

3. study the routing algorithms for 3.Understand the routing algorithm for high
High speed networks. speed networks and ATM networks,

4. study the routing algorithms for 4.Understand the architecture, mobility

mobile radio networks. management and routing in mobile radio
communication networks,
5. learn the communication strategies
and routing algorithm for MANETs. 5.Understand the concept and different routing
algorithms in Mobile Adhoc networks.

UNIT I CIRCUIT SWITCHING NETWORKS 9

AT & T‟s Dynamic Routing Network, Routing in Telephone Network-Dynamic Non
Hierarchical Routing - Trunk Status Map Routing - Real Time Network Routing, Dynamic
Alternative Routing - Distributed Adaptive Dynamic Routing - Optimized Dynamic Routing.

UNIT II PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS 9

Distance vector Routing, Link State Routing, Inter domain Routing - Classless Interdomain
routing (CIDR), Interior Gateway routing protocols (IGRP) - Routing Information Protocol
(RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol (EGRP) - Border
Gateway Protocol (BGP), Apple Talk Routing and SNA Routing.

UNIT III HIGH SPEED NETWORKS 9

Routing in optical networks-The optical layer, Node Designs, Network design and operation,
Optical layer cost tradeoffs, Routing and wavelength assignment, Architectural variations,
Routing in ATM networks-ATM address structure, ATM Routing, PNNI protocol, PNNI
signaling protocol, Routing in the PLANET network and Deflection Routing.

30
UNIT IV MOBILE NETWORKS 9
Routing in Cellular Mobile Radio Communication networks-Mobile Network Architecture,
Mobility management in cellular systems, Connectionless Data service for cellular systems,
Mobility and Routing in Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network, Packet Radio Routing-
DARPA packet radio network, Routing algorithms for small, medium and large sized packet
radio networks.

UNIT V MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANET) 9

Internet based mobile ad-hoc networking, communication strategies, routing algorithms –Table-
driven routing - Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Source initiated on-demand
routing- Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On- demand Distance Vector (AODV),
Hierarchical based routing- Cluster head Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR) and Temporally-
Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Quality of Service.
L = 60, TOTAL= 60
REFERENCES
1. M. Steen strub, “Routing in Communication networks”, Prentice Hall International,
NewYork, 1995.
2. “ Internetworking Technologies Handbook”, Fourth Edition, Inc. Cisco Systems, ILSG Cisco
Systems, 2003.
3. William Stallings, “ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM”, PHI, New
Delhi, 2004.
4. Behrouz A Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking (3/e), TMH, 2004
5. William Stallings, “High Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles”, Prentice
Hall International, New York, 1998.
6. Mohammad Ilyas, “The Handbook of Ad hoc Wireless Networks” CRC Press, 2002.
7. Vijay K.Garg, “Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G”, Pearson Education, New Delhi,
India, 2003.
8. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N.Sivarajan, “Optical Networks”,Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers,1998.
9. Sumit Kasera and Pankaj Sethi, ”ATM Networks”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
limited, New Delhi,2001.
10. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special issue on Wireless Ad-hoc
Networks, Vol. 17, No.8, 1999
11. Scott. M. Corson, Joseph P. Macker, Gregory H. Cirincione, IEEE Internet Computing
Vol.3, No. 4, 1999.
12. Alder M.Scheideler.Ch. Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and
Architectures, ACM, NewYork 1998

31
 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
LTPC
3 0 03

PCS705 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS 3 CREDITS

Prerequisite Fundamentals of Satellite communication and basics of coordinate systems.
Goal The goal of the programme is to study To study the History of GPS and its
various segments, study the co-ordinate system for the GPS systems, to know the
navigational aids and signal processing for GPS systems, the propagation media
for the GPS, and to learn the Inter disciplinary applications for GPS
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to: At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Understand the evolution GPS 1. Have a good knowledge on the history of
systems and its operation GPS systems and its various techniques.
methodology.

2. Develop an in-depth knowledge on 2. Understand the terrestrial and celestial

various GPS coordinate systems, coordinate systems and GPS precision
Keplerian elements and different time systems.
GPS time systems.

3. Study the various coding techniques 3. Understand GPS coding and signal
used in GPS, data formats and signal processing techniques.
processing techniques.
4. Study the propagation effects of GPS 4. Understand various propagation
signals and related problems in signal impairments of GPS signals over various
propagation. layers of atmosphere.
5. Understand the interdisciplinary
applications of GPS atmosphere and 5. Develop knowledge on the applications
climate research using GPS and importance of GPS on various fields.

UNIT I 9
History of GPS – BC-4 System – HIRAN – NNSS – NAVSTAR GLONASS and GNSS
Systems– GPS Constellation – Space Segment – Control Segment – User Segment – Single and
DualFrequency – Point – Relative – Differential GPS – Static and Kinematic Positioning – 2D
and 3D– reporting Anti Spoofing (AS); Selective Availability (SA) – DOP Factors.

UNIT II 9
Coordinate Systems – Geo Centric Coordinate System – Conventional Terrestrial
ReferenceSystem – Orbit Description – Keplerian Orbit – Kepler Elements – Satellite Visibility
– TopocentricMotion – Disturbed Satellite Motion – Perturbed Motion – Disturbing
Accelerations - Perturbed Orbit– Time Systems – Astronomical Time System – Atomic Time –
GPS Time – Need for Coordination– Link to Earth Rotation – Time and Earth Motion Services.

32
UNIT III 9
C/A code; P-code; Y-code; L1, L2 Carrier frequencies – CodePseudoRanges – Carries
Phases – PseudoRanges – Satellite Signal Signature – Navigation Messages and Formats –
Undifferenced and Differenced Range Models – DeltaRanges – Signal Processing and
ProcessingTechniques – Tracking Networks – Ephemerides – Data Combination: Narrow Lane;
Wide Lane– OTF Ambiguity.

UNIT IV 9
Propagation Media – Multipath – Antenna Phase Centre – Atmosphere in brief – Elements
ofWave Propagation – Ionospheric Effects on GPS Observations – Code Delay – Phase
Advances– Integer Bias – Clock Error – Cycle Slip – Noise-Bias – Blunders – Tropospheric
Effects on GPSOberservables – Multipath Effect – Antenna Phase Centre Problems and
Correction.

UNIT V 9
Inter Disciplinary Applications – Crystal Dynamics – Gravity Field Mapping –
AtmosphericOcculation – Surveying – Geophysics – Air borne GPS – Ground Transportation –
Space borneGPS – Metrological and Climate Research using GPS.

L = 60, TOTAL= 60
REFERENCES:
1. A.Leick, “GPS Satellites Surveying”, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons,NewYork,1995
2. B.Parkinson, J.Spilker, Jr.(Eds), “GPS: Theory and Applications”, Vol.I & Vol.II, AIAA,
370L‟Enfant Promenade SW, Washington, DC20024, 1996
3. A.Kleusberg and P.Teunisen(Eds), “GPS for Geodesy”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,1996
4. L.Adams, “The GPS - A Shared National Asset”, Chair, NationalAcademy Press,
Washington,DC, 1995
Websites:
5. http://www.auslig.gov.au
6. http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov
7. http://gibs.leipzig.ifag.de
9. http://www.navcen.uscg.mil

33
 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
LTPC
3 0 03
PCS706 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 3 CREDITS
Prerequisite
Goal To introduce the students to various image processing
techniques.
Objectives Outcome
The course should enable the students At the end of the course the student should be able to:
to:
1. Study the image fundamentals, 1. Understand the image fundamentals,

2. Study the mathematical 2. Understand the two dimensional image

transforms necessary for image transforms,
processing,

3. Study the image enhancement 3. Understand how to improve the image quality
techniques and image by using enhancement techniques and Restore
restoration procedures, the image by the use of various filtering
techniques,
4. Study the image
segmentation and recognition 4. Understand the various segmentation methods
techniques, and recognition techniques,

5. Study the various image 5. Understand the various image compression

compression methods, techniques.

UNIT I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS 9

Elements of digital image processing systems, Elements of visual perception, psycho visual
model, brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, mach band effect, Color image fundamentals -
RGB,HIS models, Image sampling, Quantization, dither, Two-dimensional mathematical
preliminaries.

UNIT II IMAGE TRANSFORMS: 9

1D DFT, 2D transforms – DFT, DCT, Discrete Sine, Walsh, Hadamard, Slant, Haar, KLT,
SVD, Wavelet Transform.
UNIT III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION 9
Histogram modification and specification techniques, Noise distributions, Spatial averaging,
Directional Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Contraharmonic and Yp
mean filters, Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement. Image Restoration –
degradation model, Unconstrained and Constrained restoration, Inverse filtering – removal of
blur caused by uniform linear motion, Wiener filtering, Geometric transformations – spatial
transformations, Gray-Level interpolation.

34
UNIT IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION 9
Edge detection. Image segmentation by region growing, region splitting and merging, edge
linking.. Image Recognition – Patterns and pattern classes, Matching by minimum distance
classifier, Matching by correlation, Back Propagation Neural Network, Neural Network
applications in Image Processing.
UNIT V IMAGE COMPRESSION 9
Need for data compression, Huffman - Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic coding,
Vector Quantization, Block Truncation Coding. Transform Coding – DCT and Wavelet – JPEG
- MPEG. Standards, Concepts of Context based Compression.
L = 60, TOTAL= 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, „Digital Image Processing‟, Pearson Education, Inc.,
Second Edition, 2007.
2. Anil K. Jain, „Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing‟, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.

REFERENCES:
1. David Salomon : Data Compression – The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag New York
Inc., 2nd Edition, 2001
2. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven Eddins, „ Digital Image Processing using
MATLAB‟, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
3. William K.Pratt, „ Digital Image Processing‟, John Wiley, NewYork, 2002.
4. Milman Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle, „Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine
Vision‟, Brooks/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, II ed., 1999.
5. Sid Ahmed, M.A., „Image Processing Theory, Algorithms and Architectures‟, McGrawHill,
1995.

35
 INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA
LTPC
30 0 3
PCE704 INTERNETWORKING 3 CREDITS
MULTIMEDIA
Prerequisite
Goal To learn the Internetworking techniques and standards
for the Multimedia communication across the
networks
Objectives Outcomes

The course should enable the At the end of the course the student should be able to:
students to :
(1) Study the Multimedia (1) Understand the concept Basic Multimedia
Networking Networking and various Compression
Techniques.
(2) Study the Broadband (2) Understand the Broadband services and Storage
Network Technology and media services

(3) Study the Reliable Transport (3) Understand the Reliability of transport
Protocol And Applications protocols and its applications.

(4) Study the Multimedia (4) Understand the various standards like MPEG 7,
Communication Standards. MPEG 21, H322

(5) Study the Multimedia (5) Know the various communications across the
Communication Across Networks
Networks

UNIT I MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING 9

Digital sound, video and graphics, basic multimedia networking, multimedia characteristics,
evolution of Internet services model, network requirements for audio/ video transform,
multimedia coding and compression for text, image, audio and video.

UNIT II BROADBAND NETWORK TECHNOLOGY 9

Broadband services, ATM and IP, IPV6, High speed switching, resource reservation, Buffer
management, traffic shaping, caching, scheduling and policing, throughput, delay and jitter
performance - Storage and media services, voice and video over IP, MPEG-2 over ATM/IP,
indexing synchronization of requests, recording and remote control.

UNIT III RELIABLE TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AND APPLICATIONS 9

Multicast over shared media network, multicast routing and addressing, scaling multicast and
NBMA networks, Reliable transport protocols, TCP adaptation algorithm, RTP, RTCP - MIME,
Peerto- Peer computing, shared application, video conferencing, centralized and distributed
conference control, distributed virtual reality, light weight session philosophy.

UNIT IV MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION STANDARDS 9

36
Objective of MPEG- 7 standard, Functionalities and systems of MPEG-7, MPEG-21
Multimedia Framework Architecture - Content representation, Content Management and usage,
Intellectual property management, Audio visual system- H322: Guaranteed QOS LAN systems;
MPEG_4 video Transport across internet.

UNIT V MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION ACROSS NETWORKS 9

Packet Audio/video in the network environment, video transport across Generic networks-
Layered video coding, error Resilient video coding techniques, Scalable Rate control, Streaming
video across Internet, Multimedia transport across ATM networks and IP network, Multimedia
across wireless networks.
L = 60, TOTAL= 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, Ian Wakeman, Internetworking Multimedia, Harcourt Asia
Pvt. Ltd. Singapore, 1998.
2. B.O. Szuprowicz, Multimedia Networking, McGraw Hill, Newyork. 1995
3. Tay Vaughan, Multimedia - Making it to work, 4ed, Tata McGraw Hill , NewDelhi, 2000.
4. K.R.Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic and Dragorad A. Milovanovic, Multimedia Communication
systems, PHI , 2003

37
 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM
DESIGN
LTPC
30 0 3
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND
PCS708
COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM DESIGN 3 CREDITS

Prerequisite
To study source of EMI, standards, testing equipments and compatibility
Goal measures for equipments and PCBs.

Objectives Outcomes
The course will enable the students to: After completion of the course, the
students are expected to:
(i) understand the Electromagnetic interference (i) Gain sound knowledge about EMI
concepts and its environment concepts and its environment .
(ii) understand the different kinds of EMI (ii) have knowledge in different kinds of
coupling. EMI Coupling
(iii) know the EMI/EMC standards and to know (iii) gain sound knowledge in EMI/EMC
the various measurement arrangements and standards , various measurement
methods. arrangements and techniques
(iv) know different types EMI control techniques (iv) have knowledge in EMI controlling
. techniques.
(v) understand the Electro Magnetic Compatibility (v) Learn the concepts of EMC and to
design for PCB‟s design PCB‟s with the inherent EMC.

UNIT I EMI ENVIRONMENT 9

EMI/EMC concepts and definitions, Sources of EMI, conducted and radiated EMI,
Transient EMI, Time domain Vs Frequency domain EMI, Units of measurement parameters,
Emission and immunity concepts, ESD.

UNIT II EMI COUPLING PRINCIPLE 9

Conducted, Radiated and Transient Coupling, Common Impedance Ground Coupling, Radiated
Common Mode and Ground Loop Coupling, Radiated Differential Mode Coupling, Near Field
Cable to Cable Coupling, Power Mains and Power Supply coupling.

UNIT III EMI/EMC STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS 9

Civilian standards - FCC,CISPR,IEC,EN,Military standards - MIL STD 461D/462, EMI Test
Instruments /Systems, EMI Shielded Chamber, Open Area Test Site, TEM Cell,
Sensors/Injectors/Couplers, Test beds for ESD and EFT, Military Test Method and Procedures
(462).
UNIT IV EMI CONTROL TECHNIQUES 9
Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation Transformer, Transient Suppressors, Cable
Routing, Signal Control, Component Selection and Mounting.

UNIT V EMC DESIGN OF PCBs 9

PCB Traces Cross Talk, Impedance Control, Power Distribution Decoupling, Zoning,
Motherboard Designs and Propagation Delay Performance Models.
L=60 , Total =60
38
REFERENCES:

1. Henry W.Ott, "Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems", John Wiley and
Sons, NewYork. 1988.
2. C.R.Paul, “Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility” , John Wiley and Sons, Inc,
1992
3. V.P.Kodali, "Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies", IEEE
Press, 1996.
4. Bernhard Keiser, "Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility", Artech house, 3rd Ed,
1986.

39
 COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY
LTPC
3 0 03
COMMUNICATION
PCS709 3 CREDITS
NETWORK SECURITY
Prerequisite -
Goal To introduce the student about the various
techniques and standards for communication
network security and also introduce the system
security for the Intruders; expose students to
current thinking on network security from the
viewpoint of end users.
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to At the end of the course the student should be able
to:
1. Study the need for information 1. Describe concepts of information security,
and network security and know including security models, various security
symmetric cryptography. mechanisms and methods of symmetric
cryptography.
2.Understand in depth the
advanced and emerging 2. Apply advanced symmetric cryptographic
communication technologies and techniques and security protocols in
techniques of symmetric ciphers communication networks.
II.
3. Apply RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and DSA
3.Study the concept of public key algorithms for cryptography applications;
cryptography, principles, and key state the requirements and mechanisms for
management and distribution and identification and authentication; explain
authentication protocols. and identify typical security pitfalls in
authentication protocols; explain the need
for key distribution and its methods.
4.Explain security issues in 4. Outline the protocols for IP Security and the
electronic mail security, IP two modes for both protocols. Use
security, Web security. combinations of IP security protocols to
achieve a given security goal (e.g., source
authentication, content authentication,
5.Discuss ways to prevent and traffic confidentiality, etc.); Explain
detect network attacks. SSL/TLS protocols.
5. State program security issues, including
virus, worm, and logical bombs, basic
concepts and general techniques in security
auditing and intrusion detection.

UNIT I SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (Techniques and Standards) –I 9

Introduction – Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, OSI security Architecture, Model for
network Security; Classical Encryption Techniques- Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution
Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Rotor Machines, Stegnography; Block Ciphers and Data
Encryption Standard- Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles, Data Encryption Standard,
40
Strength of DES, Differential and Linear Crypt Analysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Block
Cipher Modes of Operation.

UNIT II SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (Techniques and Standards) 9

Advanced Encryption Standard - Evaluation Criteria for AES, AES Cipher; Contemporary
Symmetric Ciphers - Triple DES, Blowfish, RC5, Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric
Block Ciphers, RC4 Stream Cipher; Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption- Placement of
Encryption Function, Traffic Confidentiality, Key Distribution and Random Number
Generation.

UNIT III PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS 9

Public Key Cryptography and RSA- Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems, RSA Algorithm;
Key Management and other public key cryptosystems- Key Management, Diffie-Hellman Key
Exchange, Elliptic Curve arithmetic, Elliptic Curve Cryptography; Message Authentication and
Hash Functions- Authentication Requirements, Authentication Functions, Message
Authentication Codes, Hash Functions- Simple hash functions – Security of Hash functions and
MACs; Hash Algorithms- MD5 Message Digest Algorithm; Secure Hash Algorithm, HMAC;
Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols - Authentication Protocols & Digital Signature
Standards.

UNIT IV NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE 9

Authentication Applications- Kerberos – version4, X.509 Authentication Service; Electronic
Mail Security- Pretty Good Privacy – operational description – Cryptographic keys and key
rings - S/MIME; IP Security- IP Security Overview, IP Security Architecture, Authentication
Header, Encapsulating Security Payload; Web Security- Web Security Considerations, Secure
Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction.

UNIT V SYSTEM SECURITY 9

Intruders- Intruder Detection – Audit records - Statistical Anomaly detection – Rule based
intrusion detection – Honeypots; Password Management – password protection – selection
strategies; Malicious Software- Virus and Related Threats, Virus Counter Measures; Firewalls-
Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems – Torjan horse defense.

L = 60 ,Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS:

1. William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 3ed. Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi ,2004
2. William Stallings, “Network Security Essentials”, 2 ed. Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 2004

41
 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

LTPC
3 0 03
PCS711 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 3CREDITS
Prerequisite Nil
Goal Introduce the student to recent advancement in the sensor networks and its
architectural Protocol design

Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to: At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
.
1. Describe the current technology trends 1. Know the characteristics and challenges
and unique issues for the implementation in the sensor networks,
in sensor networks,

2. Learn Physical layer concept and MAC 2. Discuss the challenges in designing
layer Protocol design, Transport, Network MAC, Transport, Network and Data
and Data Link Layer issues and its link Protocols for wireless sensor
function, networks,

3. Understand design issues in the 3. Know how the sensor networks is self
topology formation and Routing Technique configured and the formation of
of sensor networks, topology and routing the packets.

4. Learn Network Management requirements 4. Understand various network

and design issues. managements models and thesis
performance.

5. Understand the various tools 5. Program and communicate with

and programming challenges for embedded operating system such as
simulating a environment for sensor TinyOS, a prominent application
systems using Motes. development environment for sensor
systems using Motes.

UNIT I OVERVIEWOF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 9

Introduction , Basic Overview of the Technology ,Basic Wireless Sensor Technology, Single
node architecture: hardware and software components of a sensor node, Energy consumption,
Sensor network Scenarios, optimization goals and figure of merit, Design Principles, WSN
operating Environment , wireless Transmission Technology and Systems, Applications,

UNIT II COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS 9

Medium Access Control Protocols for WSN,Sensor-MAC Case Study,IEEE802.15.4 LR-
WPANS, Time synchronization protocols-Transport Layer protocol-Network layer protocol-
Data link Protocol-

42
UNIT III ROUTING TECHNIQUES 9
Routing Protocols, Data Dissemination and Gathering, Routing Challenges and Design Issues,
Routing Strategies, Data-Centric Routing, Data aggregation, Hierarchical networks by
Clustering.

UNIT IV NETWORK MANAGEMENT FOR WIRELESS SENSOR 9

NETWORKS
Network Management Requirements, Design Issues, Network Management Models,
Performance and Traffic Management, WSN design issues, Performance Modeling of WSNs,
Case Study.

UNIT V SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS & TOOLS 9

Sensors and actuators, Some Examples of Sensor Node, Sensor node hardware, programming
challenges, node level software platforms (Tiny OS, nes C) node level simulators, (ns2 and
TOSSIM ) programming beyond individual nodes Security - Privacy issues - Attacks and counter
measures.
L= 60, TOTAL = 60
TEXT BOOK:
1. Kazem Sohraby,Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati Wireless Sensor
Networks.Technology,Protocols,and Applications Wiley Student Edition

REFERENCES:
1. Feng Zhaoand, Leonidas J Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks” Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers and imprint of Elsevier, 2004
2. Mohammad Ilyas and Imad Mahgoub, “Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact
Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems” CRC Press 2009.
3. Raghavendra.C.S, Krishna M. Sivalingam, Taieb F. Znati, “Wireless Sensor Networks”,
2nd edition, Springer, 2004
4. Holger Karl, Andreas Willig, “Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor
Networks”, John Wiley and Sons, 2005

43
 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
LTPC
3003

PCS103 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 3 CREDITS

Prerequisite Fundamentals of optical communication and computer networking
Goal The goal of the programme is to study the Optical network components for
Optical Network communication, study various Network architecture and
topologies for optical networks and to study the issues in the network design and
operation for wavelength routing in optical networks.
Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the students to: At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Understand the evolution of optical 1. Have a good knowledge on first- and
networks, first and second generation second-generation optical networks.
and various developments over the Learn the operation of couplers, isolators,
years, and various optical networking circulators, multiplexers and filters and
components optical amplifiers. Understand various
optical switching mechanisms and
wavelength converters.
2. Develop an in-depth knowledge on
TDM signals, Layers, Framing, 2. Solve various networking problems and to
Transport overhead, Alarms, understand the concept of network
Multiplexing, Network elements, management.
Topologies, Protection architectures
and Network Management.

3. Understand various broadcast and

select networks. How the medium is 3. Understand single-hop, multi-hop and
to effectively share through various shufflenet networks and media access
protocols. protocols.
4. Understand the bottlenecks in network 4. Learn techniques for effective wavelength
design and wavelength assignment. assignment with existing efforts as
5. Study various high capacity optical examples.
networks and TDM techniques in
optical domain. 5. Develop clear understand on high
capacity optical networks and techniques
to realize the same.

UNIT I OPTICAL NETWORKING COMPONENTS 12

First- and second-generation optical networks, Components: couplers, isolators, circulators,
multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches and wavelength converters.

UNIT II SONET AND SDH NETWORKS 12

Integration of TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Transport overhead, Alarms, Multiplexing,
Network elements, Topologies, Protection architectures, Ring architectures, Network
Management.
44
UNIT III BROADCAST – AND- SELECT NETWORKS 12
Topologies, Single-hop, Multihop, and Shufflenet multihop networks, Media-Access
controlprotocols, Test beds.

UNIT IV WAVELENGTH-ROUTING NETWORKS 12

Node designs, Issues in Network design and operation, Optical layer cost Tradeoffs, Routingand
Wavelength assignment, Wavelength routing test beds.

UNIT V HIGH CAPACITY NETWORKS 12

SDM, TDM, and WDM approaches, Application areas, Optical TDM Networks:
Multiplexingand demultiplexing, Synchronization, Broadcast networks, Switch-based networks,
OTDM testbeds.
TOTAL= 60

TEXT BOOK:
1. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A practical perspective,
MorganKaufmann, 1st edition, 2001.

REFERENCES:
1. Vivek Alwayn, Optical Network Design and Implementation, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. Hussein T.Mouftab and Pin-Han Ho, Optical Networks: Architecture and Survivability,
KluwerAcademic Publishers, 2002.
3. Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks, McGraw Hill, 1997

45
 ADVANCED DATA COMMUNICATION
LTPC
3 0 03
PIT101 ADVANCED DATA COMMUNICATION 3 CREDITS

Prerequisite Nil

Goal To provide a wide knowledge in the Advanced Communication systems.

Objectives Outcomes
The course should enable the student to: The student should be able to:
1. understand the concepts of TCP/IP, UDP 1. understood the fundamental concepts of
and OSI architecture. data communications and networking
2. have knowledge about the ATM Services 2. have some idea about the ATM protocol
and Connection architecture and services.
3. know about the congestion control 3. know about how to control the
parameters congestion in layers.
4. establish the graph and finding the shortest 4. Apply the different routing protocols to
path among different routing protocols. find the shortest path.
5. understand the key concepts of integrated
service architecture and label switching 5. design the ISA and several concepts on
it.

UNIT I NETWORK ARCHITECTURES 12

The need for speed and quality of service, Advanced TCP/IP and ATM Networks, The need for
a protocol architecture, The TCP/IP protocol architecture, The OSI model, Internetworking,
TCP, UDP, Ipv6.
UNIT II ATM NETWORKS 12
Packet-switching networks, Frame relay networks, ATM protocol architecture, ATM logical
connections, ATM cells, ATM service categories, ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL), The
emergence of high-speed LANs, Ethernet, Fibre channel, Wireless LANs.
UNIT III TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 12
Congestion control in data networks and internets, Effects of congestion, Congestion and
control, Traffic management, Congestion control in Packet-Switching networks, Frame relay
congestion control, The need for flow and error control, Link control mechanisms, ARQ
performance, TCP flow control, TCP congestion control performance of TCP over ATM.
UNIT IV ROUTING PROTOCOLS 12
Overview of graph theory and least-cost paths, Elementary concepts of graph theory, Shortest
path length determination, Internet routing principles, Distance-Vector protocol, RIP, Link-
State protocol, OSPF, Path-Vector protocols, BGP and IDRP, Multicasting.
UNIT V ADVANCED NETWORKING CONCEPTS 12
Integrated Services Architecture (ISA), Queuing discipline, Random early detection,
Differentiated services, Real-Time traffic, Resource Reservation : RSVP, Multiprotocol label
switching, Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP).
Total 60
46
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Willam Stallings, “High Speed Networks and Internets - Performance and Quality of
Service”, 2nd Ed., Pearson Education.
2. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, 4th Ed., Pearson Education.
3. James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, “Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach featuring
the Internet”.
4. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communications”, 9th Ed., Pearson Education.

47
 PCS712 - COGNITIVE RADIO
LTPC

3003

UNIT I : INTRODUCTION TO SDR 9

Software Radio aspects, The Need for Software Radios, Characteristics and Benefits of a
Software Radio, Design Principles of a Software Radio Definitions and potential benefits, Role
of SDR, Features of SDR, software radio architecture evolution – foundations, technology
tradeoffs and architecture implications.

UNIT II: SDR ARCHITECTURE 9

Essential functions of the software radio- Radio architecture evolution, canonical SDR
architecture, software radio overview, open architecture software tools, architecture goals, top
level component topology, computational properties of functional components, interface
topologies among plug and play modules, architecture partitions.

UNITIII : INTRODUCTION TO COGNITIVE RADIOS 9

Marking radio self-aware, Aware, Adaptive & cognitive radios, the cognition cycle,
organization of cognition tasks, structuring knowledge for cognition tasks– concepts,
architecture, design considerations, , Ultra wide band C shaped monopole Antenna for
Cognitive Radio.

UNIT IV : COGNITIVE RADIO ARCHITECTURE 9

Primary Cognitive Radio functions, Behaviors, Components, prior knowledge taxonomy,

observe phase data structures, Radio Procedure Knowledge Encapsulation, components of
orient, plan, decide phases, act phase knowledge representation, design rules.

UNIT V : NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS 9

The XG Network architecture, spectrum sensing- Overview – Classification - Matched filter –

waveform based sensing – cyclostationary based sensing, spectrum management, spectrum
mobility, spectrum sharing, upper layer issues, cross – layer design.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:

1.Alexander M. Wyglinski, Maziar Nekovee, And Y. Thomas Hou, “ Cognitive Radio

Communications And Networks - Principles And Practice”, Elsevier Inc. , 2010.
2. “E. Biglieri, A.J. Goldsmith., L.J. Greenstein, N.B. Mandayam, H.V. Poor, Principles of

48
Cognitive Radio”, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
3. Kwang-Cheng Chen and Ramjee Prasad, ” Cognitive Radio Networks” , John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd, 2009.
4. Khattab, Ahmed, Perkins, Dmitri, Bayoumi, Magdy, “Cognitive Radio Networks - From
Theory to Practice”, Springer Series: Analog Circuits and Signal Processing, 2009.
5. J. Mitola, “ Cognitive Radio: An Integrated Agent Architecture for software defined radio”,
Doctor of Technology thesis, Royal Inst. Technology, Sweden 2000.
6. Simon Haykin, “Cognitive Radio: Brain –empowered wireless communications”, IEEE
Journal on selected areas in communications, Feb 2005.
7. Ian F. Akyildiz, Won – Yeol Lee, Mehmet C. Vuran, Shantidev Mohanty, “ NeXt generation
/dynamic spectrum access / cognitive radio wireless networks: A Survey Elsevier Computer
Networks, May 2006.

49