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BACAL-Lesson 1

This document covers the key concepts of limits and continuity of functions in calculus. It defines eight limit laws used to evaluate limits of algebraic functions as the variable approaches a certain value. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the limit laws to find the limits of polynomial, rational, radical, and other functions. The objectives are for students to understand the difference between the limit of a function and its value at a point, illustrate the limit laws, and use them to evaluate limits of various functions.

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Rosales Selasor
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351 views3 pages

BACAL-Lesson 1

This document covers the key concepts of limits and continuity of functions in calculus. It defines eight limit laws used to evaluate limits of algebraic functions as the variable approaches a certain value. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the limit laws to find the limits of polynomial, rational, radical, and other functions. The objectives are for students to understand the difference between the limit of a function and its value at a point, illustrate the limit laws, and use them to evaluate limits of various functions.

Uploaded by

Rosales Selasor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC CALCULUS

Lesson 1: THEOREM ON LIMITS OF A FUNCTION/ LIMIT LAWS


I. Overview:

 This lesson will demonstrate key concepts of limits and continuity of a function.

II. Objectives:

 At the end of the lesson, the student is able to:


(1) distinguish between lim 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐
(2) illustrate the limit laws
(3) apply the limit laws in evaluating the limit of algebraic functions (polynomial, rational, radical)

III. Content Outline:

Please take time to read and understand this part because all graded activities and quizzes will be coming
from these contents.

IV. Lesson Content

THEOREMS ON LIMITS OF A FUNCTION


LIMIT LAWS
L1. Limit of a constant: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒄 = 𝒄 where c = any constant
𝒙→𝒂

L2. Limit of the identity function: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙 = 𝒂 where a = any real number
𝒙→𝒂

L3. Limit of a constant times a function: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒄 • 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙)


𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

L4. Limit of a Sum/Difference: 𝐥𝐢𝐦[𝒇(𝒙) ± 𝒈(𝒙)] = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) ± 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙)


𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

L5. Limit of a Product: 𝐥𝐢𝐦[𝒇(𝒙) • 𝒈(𝒙)] = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) • 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙)


𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

𝒇(𝒙) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙)


𝒙→𝒂
L6. Limit of a Quotient: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) = where lim 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0
𝒙→𝒂 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) 𝑥→𝑎
𝒙→𝒂

L7. Limit of Radical: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒏√𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒏√𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) where n = any positive integer
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

and lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 if n is even


𝑥→𝑎

L8. Limit of a Power: 𝐥𝐢𝐦[𝒇(𝒙)]𝒏 = [𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙)]𝒏


𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

EXAMPLES: Find the limit of the following problems.


1. lim 2𝑥 + 5
𝑥→3
Solution:
lim 2𝑥 + 5
𝑥→3

= lim 2𝑥 + lim 5
𝑥→3 𝑥→3

= 2(3) + 5
= 11

M.A. SALAZAR, A. CABATAÑA, R. CORNELIO


5
2. lim
𝑥→3 𝑥+3
Solution:
5
lim
𝑥→3 𝑥+3
lim 5
𝑥→3
=
lim 𝑥 + 3
𝑥→3

5
=
3+3
5
=
6

𝑥 2 −16
3. lim
𝑥→4 𝑥−4
Solution:
𝑥 2 − 16
lim
𝑥→4 𝑥 − 4

(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4)
= lim
𝑥→4 𝑥−4
= lim (𝑥 + 4)
𝑥→4

=4+4
=8

√𝑥−3
4. lim
𝑥→9 𝑥−9
Solution:

√𝑥 − 3
lim
𝑥→9 𝑥 − 9

√𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 + 3
= lim •
𝑥→9 𝑥 − 9 √𝑥 + 3
𝑥−9
= lim
𝑥→9 𝑥 − 9 (√𝑥 + 3)
1
= lim
𝑥→9 √𝑥 + 3
1
=
√9 + 3
1
=
3+3
1
=
6

M.A. SALAZAR, A. CABATAÑA, R. CORNELIO


(ℎ−5)2 −25
5. lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
Solution:
(ℎ − 5)2 − 25
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ2 − 10ℎ + 25 − 25
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ2 − 10ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ(ℎ − 10)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
= lim ℎ − 10
ℎ→0
= 0 − 10
= −10

M.A. SALAZAR, A. CABATAÑA, R. CORNELIO

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