ZNOTES.

ORG

UPDATED TO 2019 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE ICT
(0417)
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
CAIE IGCSE ICT (0417)
1. Document Production
1.1. Word Processing (MS Word)
Serif – with icks e.g. Cambria Sans-serif –
without icks e.g. Calibri
One part of document as 1 column and the rest in two
columns a → section break.
When you want to move text to the next column a → column
break.
To force all further text onto the next page → page break A To set certain bullet to a list style → click on format → click on
widow= single line that appears on the next page or column, Numbering → Bullets tab → choose required option
separated from the rest of the paragraph An orphan = single
To indent text for a style → click on format → Paragraph and
line that appears on the previous page or column, separated
from the rest of the paragraph. input required indents under the Indentation section. Choose
hanging indents to indent the whole paragraph, and rst line
To add page numbers in the header/footer ------→ Place
indents to indent only the rst line of a paragraph.
your cursor where you want to put the number → Go to insert
tab → Quick parts → Select Numbering category → Select Page
in eld names → Click Ok
3. Mail merge
Add the le size/name (including le path) → click on
Create a master document, which is mostly given as a source le
Quick parts in Insert tab → click on Field → select File Size or File In the master document, click on the Mailings tab
name. For le path → check the box to include le path. For le size In the start mail merge section, click on select recipients
→ choose whether Kilobytes or Megabytes. → select use an existing list → choose source le Select records
Include date → click on Date & Time in Insert tab → choose an to be used, lter if necessary
appropriate format as speci ed. (If the date/month format is ipped

→ change your region/ language settings on your computer to

United Kingdom.) Update elds if required (select auto update
while inserting elds.)

2. House Styles Insert merge elds where indicated with chevrons, i.e. <Field>
Remember to follow all the instructions given, to avoid losing Place automated current date and/or time, as well as your name,
easy marks centre number and candidate number where speci ed. Ensure
Type in the name of the style exactly as it is in the paper Click date is in the correct format speci ed.
on the drop-down arrow in the Styles section → select create
a new style
Always base your styles on the Normal font Setting
the line spacing → click on format → then paragraph
→ select required options
From the same tab, you can change the spacing before and
Spell check and proof read the document. Save the master
after the paragraph
document, and click nish and merge.
Setting all capital letters → click on format → font → tick the Preview results and ensure that they look as required.
option All Caps While printing: check all merge elds are placed eld codes are
visible if necessary. (Go to Advanced settings so they are
displayed when printing. Proof of date inserted may be asked,
right click and toggle eld codes or just use the shortcut
Alt+F9.)
) | | Yes | Find values that are Yes/True | | No | Find values that
are No/False | | #01/01/2009# | Find a speci c date | |

4. Data Manipulation
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While importing les, make sure you select text le and
not excel le, as .csv les are plain text.
When they ask for a set number of decimal places in a
CAIE IGCSE ICT (0417)
Ensure that the dates displayed in the table are in the
>01/03/2009 | Find dates after a given date | | <01/03/2009 | Find a points and Add E ect in the side pane and choose the required
correct format under Table Design view.
date before a given date | | Between 01/03/2009 and 31/03/2009 |
Find dates in a given range |

5.ToPresentation
form a relationship between two tables, go to the
style. transitions.
Relationships section of the Database Tools tab and
Authoring (MStables.
choose the required
PowerPoint)
To open a given outline, click “New slide” arrow and click
“slide from outline...”
Forloop
To thea bullets
slide show tosoenter the
it plays screen →one
continuously untilby
the Esc key is
Printing presenter notes, click print “Notes pages"
the
one rst Under
pressed. bulletthepoint
Slideand
showanimate asSelect
tab, click on required
Set Up Slidefrom
Show
Printing audience notes, click print “Handouts” When printing
EAdd
ects.
under SetRepeat forthethe
Up. It is in remaining
Show options section of the option box
evidence of slide transitions, go to slide sorter and then
that appears.
points.
The calculations will
PrntScr ONLYwork if placed in the report
footer. IfΣ Total is used this then it apperars
For all bullets to enter the screen at once → click on the Custom
automatically in the report footer.

When printing evidence of animations, open the

animations
Custom pane and
PrntSc
To
thenshow evidence of
r transitions, take a screenshot
slides
of the pane, having a star beside the slides that
Animation under the Animations tab → Then select all the bullet have
To set a cell as currency → click on the popup box in the

Number section of the Home tab → select Currency and pick

the required symbol and number of decimal places as speci

=COUNT(\[Primary_ eld\ ])
Count number of elds in a
Always use primary eld as it
report
is the only unique eld
Sum of elds in a report =SUM(\[Field_name\ ])
Average of elds in a report =AVG(\[Field_name\])
Minimum of elds in a report =MIN(\[Field_name\])
Maximum of elds in a report=MAX(\[Field_name\ ])
ed on the paper.

To colour a range of cells that contain certain values → under

Styles section in the Home tab → click on the dropdown

menu under Conditional Formatting. Choose New Rule →

Format only cells that contain. → add the rule according to

6. Data Analysis
Naming a range of cells
→select the cells
→right click
and select ‘Name a Range’.
→type the name in the option
box. Ensure the range is correctly selected.
WWW.ZNOTES.ORG DESCRIPTION FORMULA
Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide
=A1+B1
CAIE IGCSE ICT (0417)
the instructions on the paper from the Format tab (ego: less than 100, format: green). You can add more than one rule to a range of cells, by
repeating the same steps for the new rule.
When you are using another le as a source le (ego for a LOOKUP function), make sure it is open until the end, else the spreadsheet will no
longer be able to access that data.
To make cell reference absolute, press F4 while highlighting it
While printing spreadsheet:
check the elds required to show
if they want it showing formulae. (To show formulas
instead of values, select Show Formulas under the
Formula Auditing section of the Formulas tab.)

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 DESCRIPTION FORMULA DESCRIPTION FORMULA
SUM = Adding a range of =AVERAGEIF($D$4:$D$64,G3,
=SUM(A1:A4)
numbers Average IF – it searches for
CAIEAVERAGE
IGCSE - FindICT (0417)
the average =AVERAGE(A1:A4) criteria and makes an average of
$E$4:$E$64)$D$4:$D$64 is the

the range according to the range, G3 is the

MIN - Find the low value =MIN(A1:A4)
criteria criteria, $E$4:$E$64 is the
MAX - Find the highest value =MAX(A1:A4)
average range
COUNT - Finding how many
=COUNT(A1:A4) SQRT – Square root of a
numbers are in a range =SQRT(B3)B3 is the number
number
COUNTA - Counting the number
=COUNTA(A1:A4)
of items in a range
INT - Converts to the lowest
7. Website
whole number =INT(A1)
Authoring (HTML)
=ROUND(A1,2) The 2 is the
ROUND - Rounding numbers number of decimal places
7.1. HTML
ROUNDUP - Rounding numbers =ROUNDUP(A1,2) The 2 is the
up number of decimal places Anchors: help navigate throughout a webpage
Highlight the destination of the anchor, and set a bookmark
ROUNDDOWN - Rounding =ROUNDDOWN(A1,2) The 2 is the
You can use tags in your code around this text <div
numbers down number of decimal places
id="top"> Destination text </div>
=VLOOKUP(A1,$B$1:$C$8,2)A
is the cell tocheck$B$1:$C$8 is Window from target frame. This will give you a
VLOOKUP - Looking up what
the array to look in2 is column 2 setting
target of
particular values mean from a
table arranged vertically from $B$1:$C$8 meaning "_blank"
return the value in column 2 in
that section.

=HLOOKUP(A1,$B$1:$G$2,2)
A1 is the cell to check$B$1:$G$2
HLOOKUP - Looking up what
is the array to look in2 is row 2
particular values mean from a
table arranged horizontally from $B$1:$G$2 meaning
return the value in row 2 in that
section.

=SUMIF($B$1:$C$8,A1, $D$1:

SUMIF – adding up speci c values $D$8)Checks if any cells in

in a range
$B$1:$C$8 = A1 and if they do
then it adds them together
=COUNTIF(A2:A4,">4") Checks
COUNTIF - Counts the number of that cells have a value greater If there are speci ed dimensions for a table, use the
cells in a range that satisfy the than 4=COUNTIF(A2:A4, A1) properties
table to set these
given criteria Checks that the cells are equal to Check
values.the code to ensure that the table is not set to
the value in cell A1 width,
100% if there are other values
To hide
given. bullets from your webpage, add hidden after
=IF($B$1:$B$8=A1,”A”)IF the tag
IF – Deciding what will go into a your
value in A1 appears in the range
cell selector.
of cells then write A Font type h2 {font-family: “Times New
=IF($B$1:$B$8=A1,”A”, Roman”}
IF($B$1:$B$8=A2,”B”, Text size h2 {font-size: 16pt}
IF($B$1:$B$8=A3,”C”,D)))IF the Aligning text h2 {text-align: center}
Nested IF
value in the range equals
A1 then write A, if it equals A2
write B, A3 write C and none
of them D
Highlight the word or image that will be the hyperlink, and click insert hyperlink and type the address of the website or the bookmark or the
email address provided in the respective places.

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CAIE IGCSE ICT (0417)
If the link needs to open in a new window select New
What is CSS?

Cascading style sheet

‘Bold’ text h2 {text-weight: bold}
Used to style webpages 2 types
‘Underline’ text h2 {text-decoration: underline}
Embedded/inline
h2 {font-family: “Times New Roman, External
Second choice of font Verdana”}
h2 {font-family: “Times New
Adding generic fonts (either Roman, serif”}h2 {font-family:
serif or sans-serif)
“Calibri, sans-serif”}
Changing colour h2 {color: #000000}
Using classes to set styles.
Can be used for many right {text-align: right}
selectors
Comment in HTML - text that
is not read by the computer,
only for users
Comment in CSS - text that is
not read by the computer, /* Enter comment here */
only for users

Embedded

Used to apply style properties within html sheet Format:

…style = “attribute: speci cation”>
Inline CSS for e.g. <table border=”1” style=
“width:200px”>
To add several attributes, add semicolon to separate and then use same format
For e.g. < table style= “width:29%; margin-left:
auto**;**”>
For inline CSS adding -style= “….”- is mandatory.

Colour codes have three parts:

(RED, GREEN, BLUE)

External
Amount of Light (colour) Hex code
Fully on FF External CSS sheets are separate sheets that style the webpage.
¾ on C0 To use the are required to be attached to the main html le using the tag:
½ on 80 <link rel=“stylesheet” type=”text/css”
href=”sourcefile.css”>
¼ on 40
Tag is placed in head tag of html le. Several html
O 00
Examples:
sheets can be attached.

Pure red is (FF0000)

Pure green is (00FF00) Preference given to sheet placed last in head tag

Pure blue is (0000FF) Format for external CSS

Pure yellow is (FFFF00) h1 { property: value ;}for e.g. h1 { color:#000000;}

Pure black is (000000) ↑

Element source taken from html script linked
Pure white is (FFFFFF)

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xxfxx
Opening/closing head tag <head></head> CSS Tags
<title>HTML
Page title Colours
REFERENCE</title>
<link rel=“stylesheet”
Colours can be in hexadecimal hashtag before the hexadecimal
Attaching a CSS le type=“text/css”href=“mystyle.
is mandatory
css”>
e.g. #000000 F full capacity
De ning anchor tag <a name=“top”></a> 0 is least capacity
Setting default target window <base target=“_self”> Some colours can be written in words. Such as black or white.
Opening of the body/content <body></body>
Table tag | border width as 1 | <table border=“1” Fonts
alignment center align=“center”></table>
7.2. CSS Fonts are given priority from rst to last in order
To add multiple fonts, add commas.
Eg. h1 { font-family: Arial, Calibri, sans-serif;} Edit picture
Colour
Tables

Tables have many attributes to help style them Cell

padding : creates space between text and cell
9. Answers to theory
border questions
Cell spacing: creates space between individual cells
Borders 11.1 Explain why generic le formats are needed: They can be
Background color: background tags in the tables only opened by any software to access the data on them.
apply to the tables. 11.2 Explain the need to reduce le sizes for storage or
Individual td or th headings can also be speci ed in css transmission:
Smaller les upload and download faster than larger ones and
Table tags format
thus are better for transferring data on the internet and
cell padding Table { padding :40px;}
between computers and other devices like printers.
cell spacing Table { spacing : 30px;} 13 Explain why headers and footers are needed: Headers and
Table { border-width:3px;} footers ensure each page has all the required information like
Table { border-color: #000098;} the page numbers, company logo and name etc. It makes the
borders
Table { border-style: solid;} document more reliable, professional, and consistent, as the
Table { background-color: #009499;} information appears on every page. This saves time and
td { font-size: 3;} reduces errors as they are only typed once. 14 Explain what is
td { font-family: Calibri;} td meant by corporate branding/house style:
Td/th tags
{ color: #000000;} It refers to a speci c style of fonts and formats used in the
making of ICT solutions by organisations. 14 Explain why
table { width:50px;} table
Dimesnions consistent styles are required: Consistent styles enable users
{ height:60px;}
to associate a particular organisation with a style. They look
body { background-repeat: no-repeat;} body professional.
{background-position: top/left/right/bottom;} h1 15.1 Explain why the automated suggestions given by spell
{text-align: left/right/top/bottom;} check software do not always give the correct response:
Some words, e.g. proper nouns are not found in the
dictionary. This makes spell checkers less e cient.
8. Editing Images Names and places are not identi ed by spell checkers 15.1
Explain why validation checks must be appropriate to the data
To save a picture with 8 bit - colour depth save it as a gif Open that is being checked:
it in paint and save as An inappropriate check can lead to error messages and
To compress the size of a picture open it in picture manager altered data, as it may accept or reject wrong data.
Edit picture 15.2 Describe the importance of accuracy and the potential
Compress pictures consequences of data entry errors: Accurate data ensures the
Choose most suitable option results obtained by the processing of data is relevant, which is
To change colour options of a picture use picture manager essential to the usability of the model

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CAIE IGCSE ICT (0417)
15.2 De ne the term veri cation: Harder to change dataformat.
A way of preventing errors when data is copied from one
medium to another 18.1 De ne and understand the terms primary key and foreign key
15.2 Describe visual veri cation: and their role in a relational database.
Visual comparison of data entered with a data source Checking
Primary key: The key eld of a table which is unique and
for errors by comparing entered data on the screen with the
identi es each record
data in the original document (not the same as proof reading)
Foreign key: The eld linked to the primary eld of the table
15.2 Describe double data entry:
linked to through a relationship
Entering data twice and comparing them either after data has been
20.1 De ne the terms: cells, rows, columns, sheets,
entered, or during the entry process.
tabs, pages, charts
15.2 Explain the need for validation as well as veri cation: Cell: A space for data to be entered a table; a box
Validation only ensures that data entered is in the accepted formed by the intersection of columns and rows.
format. Veri cation is needed to ensure that the data entered is Rows: Horizontal boxes that divide the table
correct. Data entered may be in the right format but of the Columns: Vertical boxes that divide the table
wrong value. Or it may be copied correctly but does not match Sheets: A table of data
the criteria. Pages: Divides a piece of data into sections Tabs: A
17.1 Explain why it is necessary to use page, section and column module of a database program that holds the tables
breaks, to adjust pagination and to avoid widows and orphans? on the computer
Page breaks and column breaks help remove widows and Charts: A graphical representation of (usually
orphans, by forcing text onto the next page/ column so it is all tabulated) data
together. 20.1 Explain the importance of accurate data entry in
Does not disrupt reader by breaking the ow. spreadsheets
17.3 Explain why mail merged documents are created Mail Ensures the results obtained by the processing of data is
merged documents save time typing out individual letters, relevant, which is essential.
as they can be personalized by the computer. Errors while 20.1 De ne the terms: formula, function, absolute reference,
typing are also reduced, since the master document is only relative reference, ranges, named cell, named range, nested
typed once. They can also be sent by email using the formulae/functions.
address in the source le. Formula: are mathematical operators de ned by the user
18.1 De ne the terms at- le database and relational to perform a function
database. Function: prede ned logical and mathematical operations a
Flat- les databases are tables that have data sorted in use can use in a spreadsheet Absolute reference: is made
rows and columns. when the cell referenced stays constant but the cell
Relational databases are several tables linked referred to in is changing. Relative reference: is made
together, preventing unnecessary repetition of data. when the cell reference is supposed to change when the
18.1 Explain that other eld types such as placeholders cell it is referred to in is changing. It aids more e cient
for media, including images, sound bites and video clips are designing of models. Ranges: A group of cells in a table
used in commercial databases Named cell: A cell in a table that is given a name (like ‘pro t
They are not studied in depth in this syllabus. They are margin’) and can be referred to using that name in
used in web applications where a back-end database holds functions
the media to be displayed in another application such as a Nested formulae/functions: A formula/function used
webpage. inside a formula/function as an argument 20.1 Explain
18.1 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the di erence between a formula and a function
relational tables rather than a at le database Formulas are typed in by the user. They include simple
Relational Database Flat le Database mathematical operators like +, -, *, or /, or can be as complex
as the user wants. A function is predesigned code that
Better security Poor at complex queries
calculates speci c values, e.g. MAX, VLOOKUP. While functions
Cater for future requirements can be used inside formulas, formulas cannot be used inside
Poor at limiting access
functions. 20.1 Explain the function of absolute and relative
Harder to update, so referencing.
Data is only stored once inherently ine cient Absolute referencing is used when the cell referred needs
Requires more planning Potential duplication to stay the same, even when the formula/ function is
copied.
Easy to design
When a formula/ function is copied, and relative
Non unique records referencing is used, the cell referred to changes with the
cell that the function is in.

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20.2 De ne the terms: testing, test data, expected outcome, actual stylesheet attached last (at the bottom of that part of the
outcome, normal data, abnormal data, extreme data, what if code) is given preference (over the other ones). Priority
Testing: Checking that the designed model shows or previews increases as you go down a list.
the expected outcome when data is entered Test data: The 21.3 Explain why relative le paths must be used for
input data used for testing a model Expected outcome: the attached stylesheets
output a model is supposed to give with the test data They should be attached using relative le paths as they are
Actual outcome: the output the model gives when tested in stored along with the webpage since they are stored in the
real time same folder.
Normal data: data within the given range ego: 50, range: 0-100 21.4 Explain how to upload and publish the content of a
Abnormal data: data outside the given range ego: 120, range: website using ftp
0-100
Extreme data: data that is the limit of the range ego: 0 or 100, Used to upload website les to the web hosting space. To
range: 0-100 upload these les successfully, the user needs:
What if: changing values in cells to see how outcome of FTP client software
formulas change All les in one folder Host
20.2 Explain the need to test a model before it is used Reduces the Name/URL/IP address for ftp
number of possible errors when using real data Host port to be used for upload
21.1 Identify and describe the three web development layers Username and password
Content layer: Holds the content of the webpage structure.
21.4 Create a test plan to test a website including: web
Behaviour layer: scripting language of a web page or an
page elements are visible, navigation within/from a web page
individual element
Open webpage in di erent browsers to check that all
Presentation layer: responsible for the formatting of a
elements appear the way they should. Click all hyperlinks
webpage(s) or elements (using a stylesheet).
to ensure that they direct users to the correct pages, using
21.1 Understand the function of: Content layer: enter
functional testing. Check that both internal and external
the content of a web page structure
links are functional. Check that fonts and background
Behaviour layer: enter scripting language to a web
colours are appropriate to the purpose of the website and
page or an individual element Presentation layer:
its users (audience) Perform user testing on a group from
format whole web page(s) or individual elements
the target audience, gain feedback from their usage, and
21.2 Explain why tables are used to structure elements within a use it to improve the website before publishing it
web page
21.4 Justify the choice of test plan
Tables make the basic structure of a webpage and organise The test plan used to test a webpage must be justi ed
page layout. based on the elements being tested. e.g. If hyperlinks are
being tested, it checks if all the hyperlinks are redirecting
21.2 De ne and understand the terms relative le path the user to the correct webpage/ section of webpage.
and absolute le path
Relative le path: A path referring to a le in the same
directory relative to the page the reference is made in.
Absolute le path: The full path of a le, which is not
relative to anything.
21.2 Explain why absolute le paths must not be used
for hyperlinks to locally saved web pages/ objects
Absolute paths always include the domain name of the
website
These should not be used to refer to locally saved
webpages as the computer the webpage is stored on (the
server) is not the same as where the webpage was developed,
and an absolute le path would point to the wrong address.
21.3 Explain what is meant by the term cascading stylesheets
CSS (cascading stylesheet) is a text-based language which is
attached to webpages to set their format. CSS les have a
“.css” extension
21.3 Explain the hierarchy of multiple attached stylesheets and
in-line styles within a web page Internal CSS have more
preference over Inline CSS.
Inline CSS overrides externally attached stylesheets. If several
external stylesheets are attached to one web page, the

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CAIE IGCSE
ICT (0417)

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