Jurnal

Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) DOI: 10.20884/jutif…

Vol. x, No. y, Juni 2021, hlm. x-y p-ISSN: 2723-3863
e-ISSN: 2723-3871

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE IN TOGAF-BASED DRINKING WATER

COMPANIES
Djaja Amanda1, Djarot Hindarto*2, Eko Indrajit3, Erick Dazki4
1
Universitas Pradita, Serpomg, Indonesia
2,3
Informatika, Fakultas Teknologi Komunikasi dan Informasi, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
Email: 1djaja.amanda@student.pradita.ac.id, 2djarot.hindarto@civitas.unas.ac.id,

(Naskah masuk: dd mmm yyyy, diterima untuk diterbitkan: dd mmm yyyy)

Abstract

Enterprise architecture is a framework that assists an organization in designing, developing, and managing
information systems and information technology to achieve its business goals. In drinking water companies, EA is
very important to ensure that the information systems and information technology used can meet business needs
effectively and efficiently. The Open Group Architecture Framework is a widely used framework for developing
and implementing EAs. TOGAF consists of four main components, namely business architecture, application
architecture, technology architecture, and data architecture. In the context of drinking water companies, TOGAF-
based EA can assist companies in designing and developing business architectures that can strengthen competitive
advantage, optimize operational performance, and ensure compliance with applicable regulations and standards.
In addition, Enterprise architecture can also assist companies in developing application and technology
architectures that can accelerate product and service innovation, improve customer experience, and improve
operational efficiency. In the context of a TOGAF-based data architecture, it can assist water companies in
managing and utilizing data effectively to make the right business decisions and improve operational performance.
By adopting the TOGAF-based Enterprise Architecture framework, water companies can optimize the use of
information resources and information technology, increase flexibility in responding to market changes, and
accelerate product and service innovation.

Keywords: Application Architecture, Architecture Data, Architecture Technology, Drinking Water Company,
Enterprise architecture, TOGAF,

1. INTRODUCTION resources and information technology to achieve

business goals and meet community needs for clean
Drinking water companies [1] have a very
and healthy water.
important role in meeting the community's need for
Enterprise Architecture (EA) [7] is a systematic
clean and healthy water. Water is a very vital basic
approach used in designing, developing, and
need for human life, so water companies must ensure
managing organizational architecture, including
that the water supply [2] [3] they provide is always
information systems and information technology. EA
available, of good quality and affordable to the
serves as a framework that assists companies in
community. Along with the rapid development of
achieving business goals by ensuring that the
information technology and business, drinking water
information technology used can be integrated
companies are also required to be able to optimize the
effectively with the business and meet user needs. In
use of information resources and information
the context of a water utility, EA is critical in ensuring
technology in order to improve operational efficiency
that the information systems and information
and provide better services to the community. To
technology used support operational needs, improve
achieve this goal, water companies need a framework
the customer experience, and meet regulatory
that can assist them in designing, developing, and
requirements and industry standards. In Enterprise
managing information systems and information
Architecture, there are several main components
technology that are integrated with their business.
which include business architecture, application
One framework that can be used is the Enterprise
architecture, technology architecture, and data
Architecture (EA) which is based on the TOGAF
architecture. Business architecture deals with
framework (The Open Group Architecture
business strategy, business processes, organization
Framework) [4] [5] [6]. In this introduction, we will
and performance measurement [8]. Application
discuss the importance of TOGAF-based EA for
architecture is related to the application systems used
water companies in optimizing the use of information
in the company, while technology architecture is
1
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related to the technology infrastructure used in the resources and information technology, increase
company. Data architecture deals with data and flexibility in responding to market changes, and
information management within the company. In accelerate product and service innovation to meet
drinking water companies, EA based on TOGAF people's needs for clean water. The purpose of
(The Open Group Architecture Framework) can assist research on the topic "Enterprise Architecture in
in ensuring that the information systems and TOGAF-Based Water Companies" is to provide
information technology used can be integrated understanding and guidance for water supply
effectively with the business and meet user needs. By companies in adopting the TOGAF-based Enterprise
adopting the TOGAF-based EA framework, water Architecture (EA) [11] framework to optimize the use
companies can optimize the use of information of information resources and information technology
resources and information technology, increase in business operations. In addition, another goal is to
flexibility in responding to market changes, and design and implement business architecture,
accelerate product and service innovation. application architecture, technology architecture, and
Enterprise Architecture in drinking water data architecture within the TOGAF-based Enterprise
companies can include four main components Architecture framework for drinking water
contained in the TOGAF framework, namely companies.
business architecture, application architecture,
technology architecture, and data architecture. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Business Architecture in Enterprise
Architecture for drinking water companies includes In this research there are several studies that will be
business strategy development, business process compared as a literature review. Enterprise
modeling, organizational and human resource Architecture as Process Optimization and
development, and business performance Information Technology Development Using
TOGAF ADM (Case Study: PT XYZ) [12]. The use
development. By having a clear business architecture,
drinking water companies can strengthen their of IT that has not been optimal has had an impact on
competitive advantage, improve operational the company's internal and external factors, which has
efficiency, and ensure compliance with applicable resulted in a decrease in customer loyalty by 46.43%
over the past year. For this reason, an Enterprise
regulations and standards.
Architecture (EA) solution is needed to align business
Application Architecture in Enterprise
and technology needs, as well as optimize the
Architecture for drinking water companies includes
the development and integration of applications development of information technology. Enterprise
needed in business operations, such as water supply architecture is designed using the TOGAF ADM
management systems, customer management method. The EA design starts from the Preliminary
systems, financial management systems, and so on. Phase to the Information System Architecture
(Application Architecture). Enterprise architecture
By having an integrated application architecture,
for digital transformation [13]. Digital transformation
water companies can accelerate product and service
innovation, improve customer experience, and [14] [15] requires an entirely new institutional logic
and effective response. While Enterprise Architecture
improve operational efficiency.
is used to facilitate enterprise transformation, the
Technology Architecture in Enterprise
Architecture for drinking water companies includes focus has traditionally been on process
the development and integration of information and standardization and integration rather than
communication technology needed in business continuous adaptation to changing business and
operations, such as communication networks, technology landscapes. For EA to have the desired
information security systems, data management impact, a more adaptive conceptualization of EA that
systems, and so on. By having an integrated meets the requirements of the new digital
technology architecture, water companies can environment is needed. Designing the Enterprise
Architecture of SPBE Services (E-Government) in
optimize the use of information technology resources,
the Sukabumi Regency Government [16]. One of the
increase flexibility in responding to market changes,
and accelerate product and service innovation. frameworks used to design the SPBE architecture is
to use Enterprise Architecture (EA). EA aims to fill
Data Architecture [9] [10] in utility Enterprise
the gap between stakeholder needs and the
Architecture includes managing and effectively
utilizing data to make informed business decisions availability of government administration services.
and improve operational performance. By having an The focus of the journal on the design of this SPBE
integrated data architecture, drinking water EA is on the SPBE Service Domain on Electronic-
companies can ensure that their data is well Based Government Administration Services. The
organized, easily accessible, and can be used design was carried out using a combination of
effectively in making business decisions. references to the SPBE Presidential Decree and the
Attachment to the National SPBE Master Plan as well
By adopting the TOGAF-based EA framework, as one of the main components of the EA framework,
water companies can optimize the use of information namely TOGAF ADM.
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Here are some examples of Research Questions (RQ) advantages, and factors that may affect the
from EA topics for drinking water companies: implementation of the TOGAF-based EA framework
How can water utilities utilize the TOGAF- in water companies.
based Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework to Phase 4. Design and implementation: design and
improve operational efficiency and ensure implement business architecture, application
compliance with applicable standards in meeting architecture, technology architecture, and data
community needs for clean and healthy water? architecture within the TOGAF-based EA framework
(RQ1). for drinking water companies.
How can the business architecture, application Phase 5. Evaluation: evaluate the effectiveness of
architecture, technology architecture, and data implementing the TOGAF-based EA framework in
architecture be implemented in a TOGAF-based EA improving operational efficiency, customer
framework in water utilities to improve operational experience, and product and service innovation in
effectiveness, customer experience, and product and drinking water companies.
service innovation? (RQ2) Phase 6. Analysis of results: analyzing the results of
the evaluation to identify the successful
3. METODE PENELITIAN implementation of the TOGAF-based Enterprise
Architecture framework in water companies, as well
Methodology is the method or system used to carry
as the factors that play a role in the success or failure
out a research or project, which includes plans,
of this implementation.
strategies, techniques and tools used to collect and Phase 7. Recommendations provide for water supply
analyze data or information, as well as formulate companies to improve or increase the implementation
conclusions and recommendations. The methodology of the TOGAF-based Enterprise Architecture
aims to ensure that a research or project is carried out framework, so that it can provide optimal benefits for
in an organized and systematic manner, so that the
the company and the community.
results can be trusted and relied upon. The research TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture
methodology used for the topic "Enterprise Framework) is an enterprise architecture framework
Architecture in TOGAF-Based Water Companies" is that is used to develop an integrated and standardized
as follows:
enterprise architecture. TOGAF provides in Figure 2,
a structure and approach to the development of
enterprise architecture which consists of four
important elements, namely:
Architecture Vision is a general view of the
desired future enterprise architecture. This view
includes the architecture's vision, mission, goals, and
objectives, as well as scenarios or descriptions of how
the enterprise architecture can support business needs
and achieve business goals. Within the TOGAF (The
Open Group Architecture Framework) framework,
Architecture Vision is the first step in developing
Figure 1. Proposed methodology
enterprise architecture. This step aims to form a
shared understanding between the parties involved in
In this research methodology seen in Figure 1, a
the development of the company's architecture, about
qualitative approach was carried out using interview
the direction and vision of the company in the future.
techniques, observation, and literature studies to
In this step, it is necessary to clearly understand the
collect the required data and information. Apart from
needs and problems that the enterprise architecture
that, a descriptive approach was also used to describe
wants to solve, as well as the strategies that will be
in detail about the drinking water company and the
implemented to achieve these goals.
implementation of the TOGAF-based EA framework.
Business Architecture addresses strategy,
Phase 1. Literature study: conducting a literature
organizational structure, business processes, and
search and review related to the Enterprise
understanding user needs. Business Architecture
Architecture framework, TOGAF, and Enterprise
describes how an organization creates value and
Architecture implementation in drinking water
profit, and bridges business goals and strategies with
companies.
the implementation of information technology.
Phase 2. Data collection: collecting data through
Application Architecture addresses the design and
interviews with related parties in the water company,
development of business and information technology
such as IT management, business management, and
applications. Application Architecture takes into
end users. Apart from that, they also make direct
account the availability and requirements of
observations on the systems and business processes
information technology to ensure that business
of drinking water companies.
applications support business objectives and user
Phase 3. Data analysis: analyze the data that has been
needs.
collected to identify business needs, challenges,
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Data Architecture addresses the structure, from the existing architecture to the new architecture.
management, and use of data within an organization. In the Migration Planning stage, the company plans
Data Architecture is concerned with how data is used, in detail the steps needed to update or change the
stored and managed efficiently and effectively to company's architecture. This stage involves
support business and applications. identifying and planning the activities, resources, and
Technology Architecture addresses the financing needed to complete the architecture
information technology and infrastructure needed to migration. In the Migration Planning stage,
support business, application, and data architectures. companies need to consider factors that might affect
Technology Architecture pays attention to how the migration process, such as costs, time, resources,
information technology is used and implemented and risks associated with the migration process.
effectively and efficiently to support business Companies must also ensure that the migration
objectives. process can be carried out without disrupting ongoing
Opportunities and Solutions is one of the stages in business operations and meeting existing business
the TOGAF framework [17] (The Open Group needs.
Architecture Framework) which aims to identify Implementation Governance is an important
opportunities and solutions that can be implemented stage in the TOGAF framework (The Open Group
by companies to achieve the vision and goals of the Architecture Framework) which aims to manage the
company's architecture that have been set at the implementation of the architecture that has been
Architecture Vision stage. In the Opportunities and designed and ensure that the architecture is
Solutions stage, the company identifies existing implemented correctly and effectively. This stage
business opportunities and problems being faced, and includes planning, monitoring, and controlling
seeks appropriate solutions to solve these problems implementation activities. In the Implementation
and take existing business opportunities. This Governance stage, the company must ensure that the
solution can be in the form of developing architecture that has been designed is implemented
applications, buying new technology, or changing according to the agreed plans and specifications. The
business processes. In the Opportunities and Implementation Governance stage is very important
Solutions stage, companies may consider various to ensure that the architecture that has been designed
solution options, including solutions that involve the is implemented properly and effectively. In this stage,
use of new technology or solutions that involve the company needs to pay attention to aspects such as
changing business processes. At this stage, the the availability of resources, costs, time and risks
company must also consider the availability of associated with the implementation process. By
existing resources, such as human, financial, and managing the implementation of the architecture
technological resources, so that it can choose the most well, the company can ensure that the system
feasible and feasible solution to implement. implemented is in accordance with the specifications
and architecture that has been designed, and can help
improve the company's business performance and
operational efficiency.
Architecture Change Management [18] is a
process that involves managing changes to the
information system architecture. Information system
architecture can be interpreted as the structure,
components, and connections used to support an
organization's information system. The main
objective of Architecture Change Management is to
ensure that any changes made to the information
system architecture are properly documented,
thoroughly analyzed, and implemented in an orderly
and controlled manner. This process also includes
identifying the risks and impacts of any changes to
the architecture, and managing the changes in a
systematic manner to minimize risks and negative
impacts. The Architecture Change Management
process involves several stages, namely change
identification, impact analysis, development of
change plans, change implementation, and evaluation
Figure 2. Nine TOGAF Framework domains of change results. During the change identification
stage, the proposed architectural changes will be
Migration Planning is one of the stages in the identified and documented. Furthermore, in the
TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) impact analysis stage, the impact of the change on the
framework which aims to plan a move or migration overall information system will be analyzed and
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assessed. After the impact of the change is well thereby helping to improve service quality, customer
understood, the change plan development stage will satisfaction and operational effectiveness.
be carried out, where the change plan will be made Market Potential application is an application
and presented to the relevant parties for approval. The designed to assist companies or businesses in
change implementation stage is carried out after the identifying and analyzing potential markets for their
change plan is approved, and the changes are products or services. This application can provide
implemented in a controlled and orderly manner. information about market size, consumer trends,
Finally, the evaluation of the results of the changes is customer preferences, and competitors in the market.
carried out to assess the results of the changes and The Complaint Resolution Application is an
ensure that the information system functions properly application designed to help companies or
after the changes are made. Overall, Architecture organizations deal with customer complaints more
Change Management is a very important process in effectively and efficiently. This application allows
the management of organizational information customers to report their complaints online, and
systems, because it ensures that any changes to the allows companies to monitor and handle these
information system architecture are carried out in an complaints in one centralized platform. The Vendor
orderly, controlled manner, and produce a positive Management application is an application designed to
impact on the information system. assist companies or organizations in managing
TOGAF also introduces the concept of relationships with their vendors or suppliers. This
developing enterprise architecture in a continuous life application allows companies to manage the entire
cycle, from planning to implementing and managing vendor life cycle, from receiving vendor requests to
architecture. In addition, TOGAF also includes payment and performance evaluation.
approaches to evaluate, measure, and improve Order Management is a process of managing
enterprise architectures through the use of reference orders from start to finish. This process includes order
architectures, open standards, and performance handling, processing, shipping, payment, and
measurement. Thus, TOGAF provides a reporting. Order Management aims to ensure that
comprehensive and integrated approach and customer orders are processed quickly and accurately
framework in developing and managing enterprise and provide a positive buying experience. The
architecture. This can help water companies improve Financial Application is an application designed to
operational efficiency, optimize information help manage company or individual finances more
technology investments, and ensure compliance with effectively and efficiently. This application can help
applicable standards and regulations. manage assets and liabilities, monitor cash flow, and
generate accurate and timely financial reports. The
4. RESULT Training Management Application is an application
designed to assist companies or organizations in
In this section, the results of the research and the
managing the training and development of their
proposed design in this research can be described.
employees. This application helps companies plan,
The discussion carried out in this research concerns implement and monitor training and development
the planning of the application architecture, data
programs provided to employees. The Network
architecture and technology architecture.
Construction Planning Application is an application
designed to assist in planning and managing
infrastructure network construction projects, such as
telecommunication networks, electricity networks, or
clean water networks. This application can assist in
planning and managing every stage of a construction
project, from planning, designing, construction, to
testing and maintenance. The Construction
Monitoring Application is an application designed to
assist in the supervision and control of construction
Figure 3. Application architecture projects, from the planning stage to the completion
stage. This application allows users to monitor project
Figure 3, Application architecture used for progress in real-time, track project team performance,
proposals to drinking water companies. Customer manage changes, and ensure adherence to established
SIMAS, an application that is in charge of handling schedules and budgets. The Install Water Meter
customers. Contact Center, is an application that is application is an application designed to assist the
used to connect companies or organizations with their process of installing water meters in water
customers or consumers through various installations in homes or buildings. This application
communication channels such as telephone, email, allows customers to register requests for installing
text messages, social media, live chat, and so on. This new water meters, submit requests for moving or
application is designed to facilitate easy and efficient replacing old water meters, and track the status of
interaction between companies and customers, user requests. The Water Meter Reading Application
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is an application that is used to assist in the process of the best vendors, monitoring vendor performance,
reading and managing water meters in water managing risks associated with vendors, and making
installations in homes or buildings. This application better business decisions. With the effective use of
allows field workers to read and record water usage, Database Vendor Management, companies can
as well as send data to a water meter data management improve operational efficiency, improve product or
system. The Billing Application is an application service quality, and strengthen relationships with
designed to assist the customer's receivable billing vendors.
process. This application allows companies to Construction Database is a database system used
manage and monitor unpaid invoices, send payment to manage information related to construction
reminders, and handle collection of overdue projects. This database stores information about the
receivables. Network and Customer Mapping design, planning, execution and maintenance of
Application is an application designed to assist construction projects. The goal is to ensure that all
companies in mapping and managing customer data project-related information is centrally and regularly
and their network infrastructure. This application available. The Construction Database enables more
allows companies to map customer locations, manage effective management of construction projects,
customer and network data, and monitor network including more accurate monitoring of project
performance. Product Standards and Specifications progress, management of project costs, and time
Application is an application used to manage product planning. With the effective use of the Construction
standards and specifications implemented by a Database, companies can improve operational
company or organization. This application allows efficiency, reduce risks, and speed up the completion
companies to manage and update their product of construction projects.
specifications, as well as monitor and ensure the Asset Database is a database system that is used
quality of the products produced are in accordance to manage information related to the assets of an
with predetermined standards. organization or company. Assets can be property,
equipment, vehicles or other items owned by the
company. The Asset Database aims to facilitate asset
management and maximize the value of assets
owned. Asset database is very important in managing
company assets because it allows more efficient and
effective management of assets. With the Asset
Database, companies can optimize the use of assets
and minimize maintenance costs and extend the
useful life of assets. In addition, this database also
Figure 4. Architecture Data assists companies in obtaining accurate information
about the state and condition of assets and determines
Figure 4, Architecture Data; Event/Activity when it is appropriate to replace or sell assets.
database is a type of database designed to store A GIS (Geographic Information System)
information about various kinds of events or activities database is a database system designed to store,
that occur in an organization or a certain place. This manage and analyze data related to geographic
database is usually used to manage and track locations. GIS databases allow users to visualize,
information about events or activities held in a place, manipulate and analyze data by location. GIS
such as conferences, seminars, concerts or sporting databases can be used in various fields such as
events. The Event/Activity database usually consists mapping and managing natural resources,
of several tables that are interrelated and store various environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster
kinds of information about events or activities. The management, monitoring and managing
Event/Activity Database can be used by various types infrastructure networks, and other fields that require
of organizations, ranging from companies, information related to geographic location.
universities, non-profit organizations, or the Financial Database is a database designed to
government. By using this database, event or event store, manage and process financial data of a
organizers can manage information efficiently, create company or organization. This database serves to
useful reports and analysis, and enhance the record all financial transactions, track cash flow, and
experience of event or activity attendees. produce accurate financial reports. The Finance
Database Vendor Management is a database Database can be used to monitor a company's cash
system that is used to manage information related to flow and finances, calculate profit and loss, and create
vendors or suppliers of a company or organization. a better financial plan. In addition, this database also
The goal of Database Vendor Management is to facilitates financial management and supervision,
ensure that a company has vendors that are reliable, including the management of accounts payable and
effective and efficient in meeting business needs. receivables, as well as the preparation of accurate and
Database Vendor Management enables companies to timely financial reports.
manage vendors more effectively, including selecting
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Customer Database is a database system that is Switch: Switches are used to connect devices in
used to store and manage information about the water company's network, such as computers,
customers of a company or organization. This servers, printers, and others. Switches can help
information includes personal data, contact optimize network performance by better managing
information, purchase history, customer preferences, data flows and minimizing data collisions.
and more. Customer databases can help companies Server: Servers are used to store and manage
improve customer experience, as they can be used to company data, such as customer data, financial data,
identify customer preferences and needs. This can and operational data. Servers can also be used to run
help companies to design more effective marketing enterprise applications and services.
strategies and ensure that the products and services Storage: Storage is used to store digital data and
offered are in accordance with customer needs. In information from the company. Drinking water
addition, customer databases can also be used to companies need a large storage capacity to store
monitor purchase history and gain insight into operational data such as customer data, production
customer purchasing trends, thereby helping data, financial data, and others.
companies plan production and inventory. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): UPS is
Database Human Resources (HR) is a database used to provide a backup power source in the event of
system used to manage information about employees a power outage. This is very important to ensure that
of a company or organization. Information stored in company data is not lost and company systems are
the HR database includes personal data, kept running at all times.
qualifications, work experience, employee In order to achieve maximum operational efficiency,
performance, and administrative data such as the utility must have a unified architectural
attendance, salary and benefits. HR database can help technology that can make good use of all of these
companies to manage human resources more hardware components. In addition, this architectural
effectively. By storing employee information in one technology must be flexible and easy to upgrade so
place, companies can easily track employee data, that companies can adapt quickly to changing market
including absences, performance and salaries. This conditions and demands.
can assist companies in evaluating employees,
providing training and development, and monitoring 5. DISCUSSION
employee performance. HR databases can also assist
5.1. How can water utilities utilize the TOGAF-based
companies in planning for future human resource
needs and ensure that the company has an adequate Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework to improve
workforce. operational efficiency and ensure compliance with
applicable standards in meeting community needs for
clean and healthy water? (RQ1)
Research with a qualitative approach involving
several stages as follows:
Literature study: Conducting a literature study on the
concept of Enterprise Architecture, the TOGAF
framework, and applicable standards in the provision
of clean and healthy water. Literature study on the
concept of Enterprise Architecture (EA) in drinking
water companies covers several aspects, such as the
definition and basic concepts of EA, the benefits of
using EA, and the methods or frameworks that can be
Figure 5. Technology Architecture used to develop enterprise architecture. Here are
some more detailed explanations of these aspects:
Figure 5, Technology Architecture for drinking
• EA definitions and basic concepts: Enterprise
water companies from the hardware side includes
several main components such as: Architecture is a structured approach to describe
Cloud Computing: Cloud Computing can be and manage organizational resources and
used to store and access huge company data such as capabilities holistically, including aspects of
financial data, customer data, operational data and business, applications, data, and information
others. By using the cloud, companies can save on technology. EA aims to show an overview of the
investment costs in physical servers, data backup, and entire organization and make it easier to make
other infrastructure.
business decisions.
Router: Routers are used to direct data traffic on
the water supply network to and from the internet and • Benefits of using EA: The use of EA in drinking
internal networks. Routers can maintain network water companies can provide many benefits,
security and manage data traffic to increase the speed including increasing operational efficiency,
and efficiency of data transmission. ensuring the availability and reliability of clean
and healthy water for the community, facilitating
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the planning and development of new products • Business Architecture: Business Architecture can
and services, and reducing costs and risks in assist water utilities in designing and managing
developing and information technology their business processes effectively. For example,
implementation. by using the Business Process Management
• Enterprise architecture development method or (BPM) and Business Process Reengineering
framework: One method or framework that can be (BPR) methods, water utilities can improve and
used in developing enterprise architecture is optimize their business processes, including in
TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture terms of resolving customer complaints or
Framework). TOGAF is a framework that assists management of water meter installation orders. In
in developing an integrated and flexible enterprise doing so, water utilities can improve their
architecture, taking into account business, operational effectiveness and customer
application, data and information technology experience.
aspects. • Application Architecture: Application
• Apart from that, a literature study on the concept Architecture can assist water utilities in
of EA in drinking water companies can also cover optimizing the IT applications they use to manage
a number of other topics, such as the role of the their business. For example, by developing a
company architect, the enterprise architectural
construction monitoring application or a water
model used, the use of standards in the
development of enterprise architecture, and so on. meter installation application, water utilities can
Conducting a case study on a water company that has improve their operational efficiency and
implemented the TOGAF-based EA framework. In effectiveness, as well as enhance the customer
this case study, interviews were conducted with experience.
several stakeholders, such as operational managers, • Technology Architecture: Technology
IT managers, and quality managers, to understand Architecture can assist water utilities in selecting,
how companies adopt and implement the TOGAF-
based EA framework, and its impact on operational designing, and implementing the right IT
efficiency and compliance with standards. Analyze technology to support their business. For
data from literature studies and case studies to find example, water utilities can adopt Internet of
patterns and conclusions regarding the benefits and Things (IoT) technology to monitor customers'
challenges of adopting a TOGAF-based EA water consumption in real-time or Big Data
framework for water utilities. In this data analysis, it technology to analyze water meter data and
is also possible to make comparisons between water
predict future water demand.
companies that have implemented the TOGAF-based
EA framework and water companies that have not • Data Architecture: Data Architecture can assist
implemented it. Formulate conclusions and water utilities in managing and integrating their
recommendations regarding the benefits and data from multiple sources to support better
challenges of adopting a TOGAF-based EA business decisions. For example, by using an
framework for water utilities, as well as ways to integrated data architecture, water utilities can
maximize benefits and overcome challenges that may make decisions based on accurate and reliable
arise.
data, and can speed up the decision-making
5.2. How can the business architecture, application process.
architecture, technology architecture, and data
architecture be implemented in a TOGAF-based EA In the implementation of these four types of
framework in water utilities to improve operational architecture, the TOGAF-based EA framework can
effectiveness, customer experience, and product and assist water utilities in developing and managing their
service innovation? (RQ2) IT architecture in a more effective and structured
Business Architecture, Application Architecture, manner. Using such a holistic and integrated
Technology Architecture, and Data Architecture are approach, water utilities can improve their
part of the TOGAF-based Enterprise Architecture operational effectiveness, customer experience, and
(EA) framework used to manage an organization's IT product and service innovation.
architecture. Below are some of the ways in which the
four types of architecture can be implemented within 6. CONCLUSION
an EA framework in water utilities to improve From the explanation of the Enterprise
operational effectiveness, customer experience, and Architecture in a TOGAF-based drinking water
product and service innovation: company, it can be concluded that EA is an enterprise
architectural framework that assists in developing and
managing integrated and standardized enterprise
 Satu, dkk, Judul singkat … 9

architecture. EA consists of four important elements, the development of sustainable product-

namely Business Architecture, Application service systems,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 55,
Architecture, Data Architecture, and Technology no. C, pp. 274–281, 2021, doi:
Architecture, which enable companies to develop 10.1016/j.promfg.2021.10.039.
business strategies, design and develop information [5] K. T. Prawira, D. Hindarto, and E. Indrajit,
technology applications, manage data efficiently, and “Application of Enterprise Architecture in
use information technology infrastructure Digital Transformation of Insurance
appropriately. Companies,” vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 856–865,
In the context of drinking water companies, the 2023.
use of TOGAF-based EA can help increase the [6] A. Benito, P. Bayu, B. Rahman, D.
company's operational efficiency, ensure compliance Hindarto, and B. Y. Wedha, “Proposed
with applicable standards and regulations, and Enterprise Architecture on System Fleet
provide clean and healthy water services that meet Management : PT . Integrasia Utama,” vol.
community needs. EA also helps water companies to 8, no. 2, pp. 1116–1127, 2023.
plan and optimize information technology [7] D. Hindarto, R. E. Indrajit, and E. Dazki,
investments, thereby reducing costs and increasing “Sustainability of Implementing Enterprise
efficiency in company operations. Architecture in the Solar Power Generation
In research on EA in TOGAF-based drinking Manufacturing Industry,” Sinkron, vol. 6,
water companies, the research methodology used no. 1, pp. 13–24, 2021, [Online]. Available:
includes literature studies, interviews, and data https://jurnal.polgan.ac.id/index.php/sinkron/
analysis. Literature study was used to gather article/view/11115
information about the EA concept and framework, [8] M. A. Latifi, S. Nikou, and H. Bouwman,
and its application to water utilities. Interviews were “Business model innovation and firm
conducted with related parties in the water supply performance: Exploring causal mechanisms
company to understand the needs and challenges in SMEs,” Technovation, vol. 107, no. April,
faced in the development and management of the p. 102274, 2021, doi:
company's architecture. Data analysis was carried out 10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102274.
to collect and analyze data obtained from literature [9] R. Cao and M. Iansiti, “Digital
studies and interviews, so as to produce appropriate transformation, data architecture, and legacy
recommendations and solutions for drinking water systems,” J. Digit. Econ., vol. 1, no. 1, pp.
companies. 1–19, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jdec.2022.07.001.
By using TOGAF-based EA, water companies [10] K. Ahaidous, M. Tabaa, and H. Hachimi,
can develop and manage corporate architecture in an “ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Towards IoT-
integrated and standardized manner, thereby Big Data architecture for future education
increasing the company's operational efficiency, Towards IoT-Big Data,” Procedia Comput.
ensuring compliance with applicable standards and Sci., vol. 220, pp. 348–355, 2023, doi:
regulations, and providing clean and healthy water 10.1016/j.procs.2023.03.045.
services that meet community needs. [11] M. Oberle, O. Yesilyurt, A. Schlereth, M.
Risling, and D. Schel, “Enterprise IT
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