Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Variables and Data Types
┣ String : Text data
┣ int : Whole numbers
┣ long : Larger whole numbers
┣ double : Decimal numbers
┣ float : Smaller decimal numbers
┣ boolean : True or False
┣ char : Single character
┣ byte : Small numbers (-128 to 127)
┗ Date : Date and time
Operators
┣ + : Addition
┣ - : Subtraction
┣ * : Multiplication
┣ / : Division
┣ ++ : Increment
┣ -- : Decrement
┣ && : And
┣ || : Or
┣ ! : Not
┣ < : Less than
┣ > : Greater than
┣ = <= : Less than or equal to
┗ = >= : Greater than or equal to
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Conditional Statements
┣ if : Execute code if a condition is true
┣ else : Execute code if the condition is false
┣ else if : Execute code if another condition is true
┣ switch : Execute code based on the value of a variable
┗ case : Define a case in a switch statement
Loops
┣ for : Execute code a fixed number of times
┣ while : Execute code while a condition is true
┣ do while : Execute code at least once, then while a condition is true
┗ break : Exit a loop
Arrays
┣ int[] myArray = new int[5]; : Declare an integer array
┣ String[] myArray = {"Apple", "Banana", "Orange"}; : Declare a string array
┣ myArray.length : Get the length of an array
┣ myArray[0] : Access the first element of an array
┗ myArray[0] = 10; : Set the first element of an array
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Classes and Objects
┣ public class MyClass {} : Declare a class
┣ public class MyClass extends MyParentClass {} : Inherit from a parent
class
┣ public static void main(String[] args) {} : Declare a main method
┣ private String name; : Declare a private instance variable
┣ public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } : Declare a public
method
┣ public String getName() { return this.name; } : Declare a method to get
the value of an instance variable.
┣ MyClass myObject = new MyClass(); : Create an object
┣ myObject.setName("John"); : Call a method on an object
┣ String name = myObject.getName(); : Get the value of an instance variable
┣ public static void myStaticMethod() {} : Declare a static method
┣ MyClass.myStaticMethod(); : Call a static method
┣ MyClass.myStaticVariable; : Access a static variable
┣ MyClass myObject = null; : Declare a null object
┗ System.out.println("Hello, World!"); : Print a message to the console
Inheritance and Polymorphism
┣ public class MyChildClass extends MyParentClass {} : Inherit from a parent
class
┣ super(); : Call a parent constructor
┣ @Override : Override a method from a parent class
┣ MyParentClass myObject = new MyChildClass(); : Create a child object and
assign it to a parent variable
┣ instanceof : Check if an object is an instance of a class
┗ MyInterface myObject = new MyImplementation(); : Implement an interface
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Interfaces
┣ public interface MyInterface {} : Declare an interface
┣ public class MyImplementation implements MyInterface {} : Implement an
interface
┣ public class MyImplementation extends MyParentClass implements MyInterface
{} : Implement an interface and inherit from a parent class
┗ @Override : Override a method from an interface
Exception Handling
┣ try {} : Try block
┣ catch (Exception e) {} : Catch block
┣ finally {} : Finally block
┣ throw new Exception("Something went wrong."); : Throw an exception
┗ throws Exception : Declare a method that can throw an exception
Generics
┣ ArrayList<String> myArrayList = new ArrayList<String>(); : Declare a
generic ArrayList
┣ public <T> T myMethod(T argument) {} : Declare a generic method
┗ public <T extends MyInterface> T myMethod(T argument) {} : Declare a
bounded generic method
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Streams
┣ List<String> myList = Arrays.asList("Apple", "Banana", "Orange"); : Create
a list
┣ .stream() : Create a stream
┣ .filter(s -> s.startsWith("A")) : Filter elements
┣ .map(s -> s.toUpperCase()) : Transform elements
┣ .count() : Get the number of elements
┣ .collect(Collectors.toList()) : Collect elements into a list
┗ int sum = myList.stream().mapToInt(Integer::parseInt).sum(); : Calculate
the sum of all elements in a list of integers.
File Input and Output
┣ import java.io.File;
┣ import java.io.FileWriter;
┣ import java.io.FileReader;
┣ import java.io.IOException;
┣ File file = new File("filename.txt"); : Create a file object
┣ FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("filename.txt"); : Create a file writer
┣ writer.write("Hello, World!"); : Write to a file
┣ writer.close(); : Close a file writer
┣ FileReader reader = new FileReader("filename.txt"); : Create a file reader
┣ int character = reader.read(); : Read a single character from a file
┣ char[] buffer = new char[1024]; : Create a character buffer
┣ int bytesRead = reader.read(buffer); : Read multiple characters from a file
┗ reader.close(); : Close a file reader
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Threads and Concurrency
┣ import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
┣ import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
┣ Runnable task = () -> { // Code to execute in the thread }; : Create a
runnable task
┣ ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); : Create an
executor
┣ executor.submit(task); : Submit a task to the executor
┣ executor.shutdown(); : Shut down the executor
┗ Thread.sleep(1000); : Pause a thread for a specified number of milliseconds
Networking
┣ import java.net.Socket;
┣ import java.io.PrintWriter;
┣ import java.io.BufferedReader;
┣ import java.io.InputStreamReader;
┣ Socket socket = new Socket("hostname", portNumber); : Create a socket
┣ PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true); :
Create a print writer
┣ out.println("Hello, World!"); : Send data over the socket
┣ BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); : Create a buffered reader
┣ String data = in.readLine(); : Read data from the socket
┗ socket.close(); : Close the socket
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Collections
┣ import java.util.List;
┣ import java.util.ArrayList;
┣ import java.util.Map;
┣ import java.util.HashMap;
┣ import java.util.Set;
┣ import java.util.HashSet;
┣ List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(); : Create a list
┣ myList.add("Apple"); : Add an element to a list
┣ String element = myList.get(0); : Get the element at index 0 from a list
of Strings.
┣ myList.set(0, "Orange"); : Set an element in a list
┣ myList.remove("Orange"); : Remove an element from a list
┣ int size = myList.size(); : Get the size of a list
┣ myList.addAll(anotherList); : Add elements from another list to a list
┣ Map<String, Integer> myMap = new HashMap<>(); : Create a map
┣ myMap.put("Apple", 1); : Add a key-value pair to a map
┣ int value = myMap.get("Apple"); : Get the value for a key in a map
┣ Set<String> mySet = new HashSet<>(); : Create a set
┣ mySet.add("Apple"); : Add an element to a set
┣ mySet.remove("Apple"); : Remove an element from a set
┗ int size = mySet.size(); : Get the size of a set
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Regular Expressions
┣ import java.util.regex.Matcher;
┣ import java.util.regex.Pattern;
┣ String regex = "pattern"; : Define a regular expression
┣ Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex); : Compile a regular expression
┣ Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher("text"); : Create a matcher
┣ boolean match = matcher.matches(); : Check if a string matches a regular
expression
┣ boolean find = matcher.find(); : Find the next occurrence of a regular
expression in a string
┣ String replace = matcher.replaceFirst("replacement"); : Replace the first
occurrence of a regular expression in a string
┗ String[] split = pattern.split("text"); : Split a string into an array of
substrings based on a regular expression
Serialization and Deserialization
┣ import java.io.Serializable;
┣ import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
┣ import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
┣ ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream); : Create an
object output stream
┣ ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream); : Create an
object input stream
┣ out.writeObject(myObject); : Serialize an object
┣ MyObject myObject = (MyObject) in.readObject(); : Deserialize an object
┗ class MyObject implements Serializable {} : Implement the Serializable
interface
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Advanced Concepts
┣ import java.lang.reflect.Method;
┣ import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
┣ import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
┣ import java.util.concurrent.Future;
┣ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
┣ Reflection : Accessing and modifying objects at runtime
┣ Annotations : Adding metadata to classes, methods, and fields
┣ Callable and Future : Running tasks asynchronously and returning results
┣ Executors : Creating and managing thread pools
┗ Concurrency : Synchronization, locks, and atomic variables
Frameworks and Libraries
┣ Spring : A popular framework for building web applications and services
┣ Hibernate : A library for working with relational databases in Java
┣ Jackson : A library for working with JSON in Java
┣ Apache Commons : A collection of reusable Java components
┣ Guava : A library of core utilities and extensions to the Java collections
framework
┣ Log4j : A logging utility for Java applications
┣ JPA : The Java Persistence API for working with databases in Java
┣ Apache POI : A library for working with Microsoft Office documents in Java
┗ Apache Tomcat : A popular web server and servlet container for Java web
applications
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Design Patterns
┣ Adapter : Adapting an interface to work with a different interface
┣ Bridge : Separating an abstraction from its implementation
┣ Composite : Treating a group of objects as a single object
┣ Facade : Providing a simplified interface to a complex system
┣ Flyweight : Sharing objects to reduce memory usage
┣ Proxy : Providing a placeholder for another object
┣ Chain of Responsibility : Passing a request through a chain of objects
until it is handled
┣ Command : Encapsulating a request as an object
┣ Interpreter : Defining a language and interpreting expressions in that
language
┣ Iterator : Providing a way to traverse a collection of objects
┣ Mediator : Encapsulating communication between objects
┣ Memento : Capturing and restoring an object's internal state
┣ Observer : Notifying objects of changes in a subject
┣ State : Allowing an object to change its behavior based on its state
┣ Strategy : Defining a family of algorithms and selecting one at runtime
┣ Template Method : Defining a common structure for a task
┣ Visitor : Separating an algorithm from the objects it operates on
┗ Decorator : Adding functionality to an object dynamically
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Best Practices
┣ Use meaningful variable names
┣ Use comments to explain code
┣ Use appropriate data types for variables
┣ Avoid magic numbers in code
┣ Use try-with-resources for input/output streams
┣ Use generics to make code more flexible
┣ Use interfaces to define behavior
┣ Use access modifiers to control access to variables and methods
┣ Use exception handling to handle errors
┣ Use the factory method pattern to create objects
┣ Use the builder pattern to create complex objects
┣ Use the observer pattern to notify objects of changes
┣ Use the iterator pattern to traverse collections
┣ Use the singleton pattern to ensure only one instance of a class is
created
┣ Use the decorator pattern to add functionality to an object
┣ Use the strategy pattern to define different algorithms for a task
┣ Use the template method pattern to define a common structure for a task
┗ Use the command pattern to encapsulate a request as an object
By: Waleed Mousa
Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Development Tools
┣ Eclipse : A popular Java IDE
┣ IntelliJ IDEA : Another popular Java IDE
┣ NetBeans : A third Java IDE option
┣ Maven : A build automation tool for Java projects
┣ Gradle : Another build automation tool for Java projects
┣ JUnit : A unit testing framework for Java
┗ Mockito : A mocking framework for Java unit tests
Resources
┣ Oracle Java Documentation : https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/
┣ Java Tutorials : https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/
┣ Java Programming Wikibook : https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Java_Programming
┣ Baeldung Java Tutorials : https://www.baeldung.com/java-tutorial
┣ Java Code Geeks Tutorials : https://www.javacodegeeks.com/tutorials/java-
tutorials/
┣ JavaWorld : https://www.javaworld.com/
┣ Stack Overflow : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/java
┗ Reddit /r/java : https://www.reddit.com/r/java/
By: Waleed Mousa
