COL783: Digital Image Processing
Prem Kalra
pkalra@cse.iitd.ac.in
h4p://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian InsEtute of Technology Delhi
Recap: Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Local Histogram Equaliza2on x
Intensity at x is changed considering
the local histogram in a neighborhood region Local Neighborhood
Spa2al Filtering
Averaging Filter: Simple, Weighted Average
Gaussian
Digital Image Processing
(Low Pass Filter) http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Recap: Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Spa2al Filtering
Median Filter: Salt and Pepper Noise removal
(Non Linear Filter)
Sharpening Filter: Enhance Details
(High Pass Filter)
Gradient Filter: Roberts
Prewi4
Sobel
High Boost Filter
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Laplace Filter
In x direcEon second difference: f(x-1,y)-2f(x,y)+f(x+1,y)
In y direcEon second difference: f(x,y-1)-2f(x,y)+f(x,y+1)
The combined difference:
f(x-1,y)+f(x+1,y)+f(x-1,y)+f(x+1,y)-4f(x,y)
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Laplace Filter
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Image Subtrac2on Image Addi2on Uncorrelated
zero mean noise
g(x,y) = f(x,y) + n(x,y)
g(x,y) = f(x,y) – h(x,y)
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D ConEnuous Domain
f(α) 1 h(α)
1/2
1 1
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D ConEnuous Domain
f(α) 1 h(α)
1/2
1 1 1
h(-α)
-1
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D ConEnuous Domain
f(α) 1 h(α)
1/2
1 1 1
h(x-α)
-1 x
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D ConEnuous Domain
1 1
f(α) h(x-α) f(α) h(x-α)
-1 x 1 -1 x 1
1
f(α)* h(x-α)
1/2
1 2
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D Discrete Domain
f(α) h(α)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
h(-α)
5 4 3 2 1 Origin
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D Discrete Domain
f(α) h(α)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
h(x-α)
5 4 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D Discrete Domain
f(α) h(α)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
h(x-α)
5 4 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D Discrete Domain
f(α) h(α)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
h(x-α)
5 4 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D Discrete Domain
f(α) h(α)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
h(x-α)
5 4 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D Discrete Domain
f(α) h(α)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1 h(x-α)
0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D Discrete Domain
f(α) h(α)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1 h(x-α)
0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
1D Discrete Domain
f(α) h(α)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1 h(x-α)
0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Result
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolu2on
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Halftoning
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Halftoning
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Halftoning
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Halftoning
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Halftoning
Floyed Steinberg Method
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Halftoning
Floyed Steinberg Method
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
