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 www.sunrobotics.in
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Preface
Sun Robotics is a technical service team of open source software and hardware. Dedicated
to applying the Internet and the latest industrial technology in open source area, we strive
to provide best hardware support and software service for general makers and electronic
enthusiasts around the world. We aim to create infinite possibilities with sharing. No
matter what field you are in, we can lead you into the electronic world and bring your
ideas into reality.
This is an Entry Level Arduino kits. Some common electronic components and sensors are
included. Through the learning, you will get a better understanding of Arduino, and be
able to make fascinating works based on Arduino.

Contents
 Getting Started with Arduino
 Installing Arduino IDE and using the Uno R3 board
 About Arduino Uno R3 board
 Lesson- 1 Blinking LED
 Lesson- 2 Three WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT Controller
 Lesson- 3 Push button – LED Blinking
 Lesson - 4 RGB Blinking LED (Common cathode)
 Lesson - 4 RGB Blinking LED (Common Anode)
 Lesson- 5 Interfacing with Keypad Module
 Lesson- 6 Control LED Blink Rate with Potentiometer
 Lesson- 7 Multiple tones with one Piezo Buzzer
 Lesson- 8 Seeing the light using Photo resistor with an arduino
 Lesson-9 Arduino Flame Sensor
 Lesson-10 LED Matrix display 8 x 8 dots (MAX7219)
 Lesson-11 Interfacing with LCD 1602 Display
 Lesson-12 HC-SR04 Project
 Lesson-13 Touch Sensor arduino Interface
 Lesson-14 Relay Module
 Lesson-15 Control Servo Motor
 Lesson-16 Stepper Motor Control
 Lesson-17 Soil Moisture Sensor

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 Lesson-18 Vibration Sensor Module
 Lesson-19 Infrared sensor Receiver module
 Lesson-20 Sound sensor module
 Lesson-21 Analog Joystick Module
 Lesson-22 Interfacing DHT11 Sensor with Arduino
 Lesson-23 Four Digit 7 Segment Display Module (TM1637)
 Lesson-24 Interfacing tilt sensor with arduino
 Lesson-25 Interfacing RC522 RFID Module with Arduino
 Lesson-26 Interfacing Bluetooth module HC-05 with Arduino
 Lesson-27 Interfacing Thermistor Module with Arduino – To measure
Temperature
 Lesson-28 DC Motor Direction Control

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 Getting Started with Arduino

What is an Arduino?
Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform designed to make experimenting with
electronics more fun and intuitive. Arduino has its own unique, simplified programming language,
a vast support network, and thousands of potential uses, making it the perfect platform for both
beginner and advanced DIY enthusiasts.
www.arduino.cc

A Computer for the Physical World:

The friendly blue board in your hand (or on your desk) is the Arduino. In some ways you could
think of Arduino as the child of traditional desktop and laptop computers. At its roots, the
Arduino is essentially a small portable computer. It is capable of taking inputs (such as the push
of a button or a reading from a light sensor) and interpreting that information to control various
outputs (like a blinking LED light or an electric motor). That's where the term "physical
computing" is born - an Arduino is capable of taking the world of electronics and relating it to the
physical world in a real and tangible way. Trust us - this will all make more sense soon.

Arduino UNO SMD R3

The Arduino Uno is one of several development boards based on the ATmega328. We like it
mainly because of its extensive support network and its versatility. It has 14 digital input/output
pins (6 of which can be PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. Don’t worry, you’ll learn about all
these later.

Installing Arduino IDE and Using Uno R3 board

STEP-1: Download the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

Access the Internet: In order to get your Arduino up and running, you'll need to download some
software first from www.arduino.cc (it's free!). This software, known as the Arduino IDE, will
allow you to program the Arduino to do exactly what you want. It’s like a word processor for
writing programs. With an internet-capable computer, open up your favorite browser and type
in the following URL into the address bar:

www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

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For different operating system platforms, the way of using Arduino IDE is different. Please refer
to the following links: Windows User：http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows Mac OS X
Userhttp://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/MacOSXLinuxUserhttp://playground.arduino.cc/Learnin
g/Linux For more detailed information about Arduino IDE, please refer to the following link:
http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

STEP-2: Connect your Arduino Uno to your Computer:

Use the USB cable provided in the kit to connect the Arduino to one of your computer’s USB
inputs.

STEP-3: Install Drivers

Depending on your computer’s operating system, you will need to follow specific instructions.
Please go to the URLs below for specific instructions on how to install the drivers onto your
Arduino Uno.

Windows Installation Process: Go to the web address below to access the instructions for
installations on a Windows-based computer.

http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows

Macintosh OS X Installation Process: Macs do not require you to install drivers. Enter the
following URL if you have questions. Otherwise proceed to next page.

http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/MacOSX

Linux: 32 bit / 64 bit, Installation Process Go to the web address below to access the instructions
for installations on a Linux-based computer.
http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Learning/Linux

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STEP-4: Open the Arduino IDE
Open the Arduino IDE software on your computer. Poke around and get to know the interface.
We aren’t going to code right away, this is just an introduction. The step is to set your IDE to
identify your Arduino Uno.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Verify
Checks your code for errors compiling it.
Upload
Compiles your code and uploads it to the configured board. See uploading below for
details. Note: If you are using an external programmer with your board, you can hold
down the "shift” key on your computer when using this icon. The text will change to
"Upload using Programmer" New Creates a new sketch.
Open
Presents a menu of all the sketches in your sketchbook. Clicking one will open it within the
current window overwriting its content. Note: due to a bug in Java, this menu doesn't scroll;
if you need to open a sketch late in the list, use the File | Sketch book menu instead.
Save
Saves your sketch.
Serial Monitor
Opens the serial monitor.

STEP-5: Select your board: Arduino Uno

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STEP-6: Select your Serial Device

Windows: Select the serial device of the Arduino board from the Tools | Serial Port menu. This
is likely to be com3 or higher (COM1 and COM2 are usually reserved for hardware serial ports).
To find out, you can disconnect your Arduino board and re-open the menu; the entry that
disappears should be the Arduino board. Reconnect the board and select that serial port.

Mac OS: Select the serial device of the Arduino board from the Tools > Serial Port menu. On the
Mac, this should be something with /dev/tty.usbmodem (for the Uno or Mega 2560) or
/dev/tty.usbserial (for older boards) in it.

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Linux: http://playground.arduino.cc/Learning/Linux

About Arduino Uno R3 board

What's on the board?
There are many varieties of Arduino boards that can be used for different purposes. Some boards
look a bit different from the one below, but most Arduino have the majority of these components
in common:

Power (USB / Barrel Jack)

Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can be
powered from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply that is terminated
in a barrel jack. In the picture above the USB connection is labeled (1) and the barrel jack is
labeled (2). .

NOTE: Do NOT use a power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will overpower (and thereby
destroy) your Arduino. The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is between 6 and 12
Volts. Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)

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The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a circuit (probably
in conjuction with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have black plastic ‘headers’ that
allow you to just plug a wire right into the board. The Arduino has several different kinds of pins,
each of which is labeled on the board and used for different functions.
 GND (3): Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can
be used to ground your circuit.
 5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the 3.3V
pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the Arduino
run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.
 Analog (6): The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the UNO) are
Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like a temperature
sensor) and convert it into a digital value that we can read.
 Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the UNO).
These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed) and digital
output (like powering an LED).
 PWM (8): You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9,
10, and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for
something called Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). We have a tutorial on PWM, but for
now, think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like fading an LED in and
out).
 AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin alone. It is
sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper
limit for the analog input pins.

Reset Button
Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10). Pushing it will temporarily
connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the Arduino. This can be
very useful if your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple times. Unlike the original
Nintendo however, blowing on the Arduino doesn’t usually fix any problems.

Power LED Indicator

Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a tiny LED next to
the word ‘ON’ (11). This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino into a power source.
If this light doesn’t turn on, there’s a good chance something is wrong. Time to re-check your
circuit!

TX RX LEDs
TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit in electronics
to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there are two places on
the Arduino UNO where TX and RX appear – once by digital pins 0 and 1, and a second time next
to the TX and RX indicator LEDs (12). These LEDs will give us some nice visual indications
whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data (like when we’re loading a new program
onto the board).

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Main IC
The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit (13). Think of it as the brains
of our Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board type to board type,
but is usually from the ATmega line of IC’s from the ATMEL company. This can be important, as
you may need to know the IC type (along with your board type) before loading up a new program
from the Arduino software. This information can usually be found in writing on the top side of
the IC. If you want to know more about the difference between various IC’s, reading the
datasheets is often a good idea.

Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator (14) is not actually something you can (or should) interact with on the
Arduino. But it is potentially useful to know that it is there and what it’s for. The voltage regulator
does exactly what it says – it controls the amount of voltage that is let into the Arduino board.
Think of it as a kind of gatekeeper; it will turn away an extra voltage that might harm the circuit.
Of course, it has its limits, so don’t hook up your Arduino to anything greater than 20 volts.

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 Lesson 1 - Blinking LED

Overview:

In this practical, we will start the journey of learning Arduino UNO .To begin, let's learn how
to make an LED blink.

Components:
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x 220Ω Resistor
 1 x LED
 1 x BreadBoard
 2 x Jumper Wires

Principle:
In this lesson, we will program the Arduino's GPIO output high level (+5V) and low level (0V), and
then make the LED which is connected to the Arduino’s GPIO flicker with a certain frequency.

1. What is the LED ?

The LED is the abbreviation of light emitting diode. It is usually made of gallium arsenide, gallium
phosphide semiconductor materials. The LED has two electrodes: a positive electrode and a
negative one. It lights up only when a forward current passes, and it can flash red, blue, green,
yellow, etc. The color of the light depends on the material it is made.

In general, the drive current for LED is 5-20mA. Therefore, in reality it usually needs an extra
resistor for current limitation so as to protect the LED.

2. What is resistor?

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The main function of the resistor is to limit currents. In the circuit, the character ‘R’ represents
resistor, and the unit of resistor is ohm (Ω).
A band resistor is used in this experiment. It is a resistor with a surface coated with some
particular color through which the resistance can be identified directly.

Schematic:

3. Key functions:
●setup()
The setup() function is called when a sketch starts. Use it to initialize variables, pin modes, start
using libraries, etc. The setup function will only run once, after each powerup or reset of the
Arduino board.

●loop()
After creating a setup() function, which initializes and sets the initial values, the loop()function
does precisely what its name suggests, and loops consecutively, allowing your program to change
and respond. Use it to actively control the Arduino board.

●pinMode()
Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output.
As of Arduino 1.0.1, it is possible to enable the internal pullup resistors with the mode
INPUT_PULLUP. Additionally, the INPUT mode explicitly disables the internal pullups.
●digitalWrite()
Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin. If the pin has been configured as an OUTPUT with
pinMode(), its voltage will be set to the corresponding value: 5V (or 3.3V on 3.3V boards) for
HIGH, 0V (ground) for LOW.

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If the pin is configured as an INPUT, digitalWrite() will enable (HIGH) or disable (LOW) the internal
pullup on the input pin. It is recommended to set the pinMode() to INPUT_PULLUP to enable the
internal pull-up resistor
●delay()
Pauses the program for the amount of time (in miliseconds) specified as parameter. (There are
1000 milliseconds in a second.)
Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit as below:

Step 2: Program: You can copy paste the below program in the IDE or open the code directly.
From the “CODE” folder that comes with the DVD/from the downloaded Zip folder.

/***********************************************************
File name: 01_blinkingLed.ino Description:
Let, LED blinks. ***************************************************/
int ledPin = 13;// LED connected to digital pin 13

void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH); // set the LED on
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); // set the LED off
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board. Now you can see the LED
blinking.

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 Lesson 2 – 3 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT Controller
Overview:
In the second lesson, we have learned how to make a LEDs blink by programming the Arduino.
Today, we will use the Arduino to control different LEDs different color to make the LEDs show
the effect of flowing in traffic light system.

Components:

 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 3 x 200Ω Resistor
 3 x 5mm RED LED
 3 x 5mm YELLOW LED
 3 x 5mm GREEN LED
 1 x Breadboard
 Several jumper wires

Principle:

The principle of this experiment is very simple and is quite similar with that in the second lesson.
This Arduino based 3-Way Traffic Light Controller is a simple project which is useful to understand
the working of traffic lights which we see around us. We have covered a simpler version of traffic
lights in this traffic light circuit. Here have demonstrated it for 3 sides or ways. Now let’s get into
the project.
The code for this Arduino Traffic Light Controller Project is simple and can be easily understood.
Here we have demonstrated Traffic lights for the 3 ways road and the code glows LED’s on all the
three sides in a particular sequence, in which the actual Traffic Lights works. Like, at a time, there
will be two Red signals on any of the two sides and one Green light on the remaining side. And
yellow light will also glow, for 1 second each time, in between transition from Red to Green,
means first red light glows for 5 second then yellow light glows for 1 second and then finally green
light will be turned on.

Schematic:

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program code

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/***********************************************************
File name: 02_3 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT .ino Description:
let LED blinks. ************************************************/
void setup() {
// configure the output pins
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
pinMode(10,OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
digitalWrite(2,1); //enables the 1st set of signals
digitalWrite(7,1);
digitalWrite(10,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(6,0);
digitalWrite(8,0);
digitalWrite(9,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(4000);

digitalWrite(3,1); //enables the yellow lights

digitalWrite(6,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(7,0);
delay(1000);

digitalWrite(4,1); //enables the 2nd set of signals

digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(10,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);

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 digitalWrite(6,0);
digitalWrite(8,0);
digitalWrite(9,0);
digitalWrite(7,0);
delay(4000);

digitalWrite(9,1); //enables the yellow lights

digitalWrite(6,1);
digitalWrite(10,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
delay(1000);

digitalWrite(8,1); //enables the 3rd set of signals

digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(7,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,0);
digitalWrite(9,0);
digitalWrite(10,0);
delay(4000);

digitalWrite(9,1); //enables the yellow lights

digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(7,0);
digitalWrite(8,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
delay(1000);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board

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 Lesson 3 – Push button – LED Blinking
Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn how to detect the state of a button, and then toggle the state of the
LED based on the state of the button.

Components:
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x 220Ω Resistor
 1 x 10KΩ Resistor
 1 x LED
 1 x Push Button
 1 x Breadboard
 Several jumper wires

Principle
1. Button

Buttons are a common component used to control electronic devices. They are usually used as
switches to connect or disconnect circuits. Although buttons come in a variety of sizes and
shapes, the one used in this experiment will be a 12mm button as shown below.

The button we used is a normally open type one. The two contacts of a button are in the off state
under the normal conditions; only when the button is pressed they are closed.
The button jitter must happen in the process of using. The jitter waveform is as the flowing
picture:

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Each time you press the button, the Arduino will regard you have pressed the button many times
due to the jitter of the button. You should deal with the jitter of buttons before using. You can
eliminate the jitter through software programming. Besides, you can use a capacitor to solve the
issue. Take the software method for example. First, detect whether the level of button interface
is low level or high level. If it is low level, 5~10ms delay is needed. Then detect whether the level
of button interface is low or high. If the signal is low, you can infer that the button is pressed
once. You can also use a 0.1uF capacitor to avoid the jitter of buttons.

2. Interrupt

Hardware interrupts were introduced as a way to reduce wasting the processor's valuable time
in polling loops, waiting for external events. They may be implemented in hardware as a distinct
system with control lines, or they may be integrated into the memory subsystem .

. Key functions:
●attachInterrupt(interrupt, ISR, mode)
Specifies a named Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) to call when an interrupt occurs.
Replaces any previous function that was attached to the interrupt. Most Arduino boards have
two
external interrupts: numbers 0 (on digital pin 2) and 1 (on digital pin 3).
Generally, an ISR should be as short and fast as possible. If your sketch uses multiple ISRs, only
one can run at a time, other interrupts will be ignored (turned off) until the current one is
finished. as delay() and millis() both rely on interrupts, they will not work while an ISR is running.
delayMicroseconds(), which does not rely on interrupts, will work as expected.

Syntax:
attachInterrupt(pin, ISR, mode)
Parameters: pin: the pin number
ISR: the ISR will be called when the interrupt occurs; this function must take no parameters and
return nothing. This function is sometimes referred to as an interrupt service routine.

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mode: defines when the interrupt should be triggered. Four constants are predefined as valid
values:
-LOW to trigger the interrupt whenever the pin is low,
-CHANGE to trigger the interrupt whenever the pin changes value -RISING to trigger
when the pin goes from low to high, -FALLING for when the pin goes from high to low.
●digitalRead()

Reads the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or LOW. Syntax:
digitalRead(pin)

Parameters:

pin: the number of the digital pin you want to read (int) Returns:
HIGH or LOW ●delayMicroseconds(us)

Pauses the program for the amount of time (in microseconds) specified as parameter. There are
a thousand microseconds in a millisecond, and a million microseconds in a second.

Currently, the largest value that will produce an accurate delay is 16383. This could change in
future Arduino releases. For delays longer than a few thousand microseconds, you should use
delay() instead.

Syntax:
delayMicroseconds(us)

Parameters:
us: the number of microseconds to pause (unsigned int) Returns:
None

Schematic :

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************

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 File name: 03_Push button – LED Blinking.ino Description:
let LED blinks***************************************************/

int ledpin=13;// definition digital interface

int inpin=5;//Define the number 5 Interface
int val;//Define the variable val
void setup() {
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);//Define led as Output
pinMode(inpin,INPUT);//Button interface is defined as input
}
void loop() {
val=digitalRead(inpin);//Read digitalpin 5 level value assigned to val
if(val==HIGH)//Test button is pressed
{
digitalWrite(ledpin,LOW);
}
else {
digitalWrite(ledpin,HIGH);
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board
Now press the button, and you can see the state of the LED will be toggled between ON and
OFF.

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 Lesson 4 – RGB Blinking LED (Common cathode)
Overview:
In this lesson, we will program the Arduino for RGB LED control, and make RGB LED
emits several of colors of light.
Components:
 1 X Arduino UNO
 1 X USB Cable
 1 X RGB LED
 3 X 220Ω Resistor
 1 X Breadboard
 Several jumper wires
Principle:
RGB LEDs consist of three LEDs: red, green and blue. These three colored LEDs are
capable of producing any color. Tri-color LEDs with red, green, and blue emitters, in
general using a four-wire connection with one common lead (anode or cathode).

What we use in this experiment is a common anode RGB LED. The longest pin is the
common anode of the three LEDs. The pin is connected to the +5V pin of the Arduino,
and the rest pins are connected to pin D8, D9, and D10 of the Arduino with a current
limiting resistor between.

In this way, we can control the color of an RGB LED by 3-channel PWM signals.

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Schematic:

Common cathode

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program code

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 /***********************************************************
File name: 04_RGB blinkingLed.ino Description:
Let, RGB LED blinks. ***********************************************************/

void setup() {
pinMode (8,OUTPUT);
pinMode (9,OUTPUT);
pinMode (10,OUTPUT);
}

Void loop() {
digitalWrite (8,HIGH);
digitalWrite (10,LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (9,HIGH);
digitalWrite (8,LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (10,HIGH);
digitalWrite (9,LOW);
delay(1000);
}

Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

Now, you can see the RGB LED flash red, green, blue, yellow, white and purple light, and then
go out. Each state lasts for 1s each time, and the LED flashes colors repeatedly in such
sequence.

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 Lesson 4 – RGB Blinking LED (Common Anode)
Overview:
In this lesson, we will program the Arduino for RGB LED control, and make RGB LED
emits several of colors of light.
Components:
 1 X Arduino UNO
 1 X USB Cable
 1 X RGB LED
 3 X 220Ω Resistor
 1 X Breadboard
 Several jumper wires
Principle:
RGB LEDs consist of three LEDs: red, green and blue. These three colored LEDs are
capable of producing any color. Tri-color LEDs with red, green, and blue emitters, in
general using a four-wire connection with one common lead (anode or cathode).

What we use in this experiment is a common anode RGB LED. The longest pin is the
common anode of the three LEDs. The pin is connected to the +5V pin of the Arduino,
and the rest pins are connected to pin D8, D9, and D10 of the Arduino with a current
limiting resistor between.

In this way, we can control the color of an RGB LED by 3-channel PWM signals.

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Schematic:

Common Anode
Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program code

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 /***********************************************************
File name: 04_RGB blinkingLed.ino Description:
Let, RGB LED blinks. ***********************************************************/

void setup() {
pinMode (8,OUTPUT);
pinMode (9,OUTPUT);
pinMode (10,OUTPUT);
}

Void loop() {
digitalWrite (8,HIGH);
digitalWrite (10,LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (9,HIGH);
digitalWrite (8,LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (10,HIGH);
digitalWrite (9,LOW);
delay(1000);
}

Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

Now, you can see the RGB LED flash red, green, blue, yellow, white and purple light, and then
go out. Each state lasts for 1s each time, and the LED flashes colors repeatedly in such
sequence.

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 Lesson 5 – Interfacing with Keypad Module
Overview:
In this project, we will go over how to integrate a keyboard with an UNO R3 board so that the
UNO R3 can read the keys being pressed by a user.

Components:
 1 x Arduino Uno
 1 x USB cable
 1 x Membrane switch module
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wires

Principle
Keypads are used in all types of devices, including cell phones, fax machines, microwaves, ovens,
door locks, etc. They're practically everywhere. Tons of electronic devices use them for user
input.
So knowing how to connect a keypad to a microcontroller such as an UNO R3 board is very
valuable for building many different types of commercial products.
At the end when all is connected properly and programmed, when a key is pressed, it show up at
the Serial Monitor on your computer. Whenever you press a key, it shows up on the Serial
Monitor. Later, in another project, we will connect the keypad circuit, so that it will get displayed
on an LCD. But for now, for simplicity purposes, we start at simply showing the key pressed on
the computer.
For this project, the type of keypad we will use is a matrix keypad. This is a keypad that follows
an encoding scheme that allows it to have much less output pins than there are keys. For
example, the matrix keypad we are using has 16 keys (0-9, A-D, *, #), yet only 8 output pins. With
a linear keypad, there would have to be 17 output pins (one for each key and a ground pin) in
order to work. The matrix encoding scheme allows for less output pins and thus much less
connections that have to make for the keypad to work. In this way, they are more efficient than
linear keypads, being that they have less wiring.

Schematic:

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program
/***********************************************************

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 File name: 05 - Interfacing with Keypad Module.ino Description:
Let, keypad *****************************************************/
#include <Keypad.h>
const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows
const byte COLS = 4; //four columns
char hexaKeys[ROWS][COLS] = {
{'1','2','3','A'},
{'4','5','6','B'},
{'7','8','9','C'},
{'*','0','#','D'}
};
byte rowPins[ROWS] = {9, 8, 7, 6}; //connect to the Rows of the keypad pin 8, 7, 6, 5
respectively
byte colPins[COLS] = {5, 4, 3, 2}; //connect to the Columns of the keypad pin 4, 3, 2, 1
respectively
Keypad customKeypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(hexaKeys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS,
COLS);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop(){
char customKey = customKeypad.getKey();
if (customKey){
Serial.println(customKey); // Send the pressed key value to the arduino serial monitor
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.
When connecting the pins to the UNO R3 board, we connect them to the digital output pins, D9-
D2. We connect the first pin of the keypad to D9, the second pin to D8, the third pin to D7, the
fourth pin to D6, the fifth pin to D5, the sixth pin to D4, the seventh pin to D3, and the eighth pin
to D2. These are the connections in a table:

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 Lesson 6 - Control LED Blink Rate with Potentiometer
Overview:
In this tutorial we have study about that control LED blink rate with using potentiometer.

Components
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Breadboard
 1 x 5mm RED LED
 1 x 220Ω Resistor
 1 x 10kΩ Potentiometer
 Jumper wires

Principle
Connect one pin from your pot to 5V, the center pin to analog pin A2 and the remaining pin to
ground. Next, connect a 220 ohm current limiting resistor to digital pin 13, with an LED in series.
The long, positive leg (the anode) of the LED should be connected to the output from the resistor,
with the shorter, negative leg (the cathode) connected to ground.

Schematic

Procedure:

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Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program
/***********************************************************
File name: 06 Control LED Blink Rate With Potentiometer. Ino Description:
Let, LED Using potentiometer. ************************************/

int potPin = A0; // select the input pin for the potentiometer
int ledPin = 9; // select the pin for the LED
int val = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // declare the ledPin as an OUTPUT
}
void loop() {
val = analogRead(potPin); // read the value from the sensor
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // turn the ledPin on
delay(val); // stop the program for some time
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // turn the ledPin off
delay(val); // stop the program for some time
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 7 - Multiple tones with one Piezo Buzzer

Overview:
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a buzzer.
COMPONENTS
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Buzzer
 1 x BreadBoard
 2 x Jumper Wires

Principles
The working principle of buzzer it to use PWM generating audio to make the air to vibrate.
Appropriately changed as long as the vibration frequency, it can generate different sounds. For
example, sending a pulse of 523Hz, it can generate Alto Do, pulse of 587Hz, it can generate
midrange Re, pulse of 659Hz, it can produce midrange Mi. By the buzzer, you can play a song.
We should be careful not to use the UNO R3 board analog Write () function to generate a pulse
to the buzzer, because the pulse output of analog Write () is fixed (500Hz).
Schematic

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************
File name: 7 Buzzer Arduino Circuit .ino Description:
Let, buzzer Multiple tones. ******************************************/

const int buzzer= 8;

void setup() {
pinMode (buzzer,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
tone(buzzer,1000);
delay(1000);
noTone(buzzer);
delay(1000);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 8 - Seeing the light using Photo resistor with an
arduino

Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn how to measure the light intensity by photo resistor.

Components
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB cable
 1 x 10kΩ Resistor
 1 x 220Ω Resistor
 1 x LED
 1 x Photo Resistor
 1 x BreadBoard
 Jumper wires

Principle:

A photo resistor is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photo resistor decreases
with the increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photo
resistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits.
A photo resistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a photoresistor can have
a resistance as high as a few megohms (MΩ), while in the light, a photo resistor can have a
resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. If incident light on a photo resistor exceeds a certain
frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump
into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons (and their whole partners) conduct
electricity, thereby lowering resistance. The resistance range and sensitivity of a photo resistor
can substantially differ among dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photo resistors may react
substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength bands.

Schematic:

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program

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 /***********************************************************
File name: 8 Seeing the light using photo resistor with an arduino Description:
Let, photoresistor using LED blinks. ******************************************/

const int sensorPin = 0;

const int ledPin = 9;
int lightCal;
int lightVal;
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
lightCal = analogRead(sensorPin);
}
void loop() {
lightVal = analogRead(sensorPin);
if (lightVal < lightCal - 50) {
digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(9, LOW);
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 9 - Arduino Flame Sensor

Overview:
In this project we have to study about the project is a simple Arduino flame sensor.

Components:
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Flame Sensor
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wire

Principle:
The digital and analog interfaces on the KY-026, use a lighter or a candle to interact with the
flame detector module.

The digital interface will send a HIGH signal when fire is detected by the sensor, turning on the
LED on the Arduino (pin A0). Turn the potentiometer clock-wise to increase the detection
threshold and counter-clockwise to decrease it.

Schematic:

Procedure:

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Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program
/***********************************************************
File name: 9 Arduino Flame Sensor.ino Description:
Let, fire is detected by the sensor turning on the LED ***************************/
const int sensorMin = 0; // sensor minimum
const int sensorMax = 1024; // sensor maximum

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
int sensorReading = analogRead(A0);
int range = map(sensorReading, sensorMin, sensorMax, 0, 3);
switch (range) {
case 0: // A fire closer than 1.5 feet away.
Serial.println("** Close Fire **");
break;
case 1: // A fire between 1-3 feet away.
Serial.println("** Distant Fire **");
break;
case 2: // No fire detected.
Serial.println("No Fire");
break;
}
delay(1); // delay between reads
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 10- LED Matrix display 8 x 8 dots (MAX7219)

Overview:
In this project, we will learn about LED Matrix Displays 8×8 dots (MAX7219) Interface with
Arduino.

Components:
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Dot Matrix(MAX7219)
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wires

Principle:
The MAX7219/MAX7221 are compact, serial input/output common-cathode display drivers that
interface to microcontrollers and microprocessors to control 7-segment numeric LED displays of
up to 8 digits, bar-graph displays, or 64 individual LEDs. Included on the MAX7219 chip is a BCD
code-B decoder, a multiplex scan circuitry, a segment and digit drivers, and an 8×8 static RAM
that stores each digit. Only one external resistor is required to set the segment current for all
LEDs. The MAX7221 is compatible with SPI, QSPI, and MICROWIRE communication protocols, and
has slew-rate-limited segment drivers to reduce EMI. Individual digits of the connected LED
display may be addressed and updated without rewriting the entire display. The
MAX7219/MAX7221 also allow the user to select code-B decoding or no-decode for each digit.
Schematic:

Procedure:

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Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program

/***********************************************************
File name: 10- LED Matrix display 8 x 8 dots (MAX7219).ino Description:
Let, LED Matrix Displays 8×8 dots (MAX7219) Interface with Arduino .****************************/

#include <LedControl.h>
int DIN = 12;
int CS = 11;
int CLK = 10;
byte e[8]= {0x7C,0x7C,0x60,0x7C,0x7C,0x60,0x7C,0x7C};
byte d[8]= {0x78,0x7C,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7C,0x78};
byte u[8]= {0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7E,0x7E};
byte c[8]= {0x7E,0x7E,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x7E,0x7E};
byte eight[8]= {0x7E,0x7E,0x66,0x7E,0x7E,0x66,0x7E,0x7E};
byte s[8]= {0x7E,0x7C,0x60,0x7C,0x3E,0x06,0x3E,0x7E};
byte dot[8]= {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18};
byte o[8]= {0x7E,0x7E,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7E,0x7E};
byte m[8]= {0xE7,0xFF,0xFF,0xDB,0xDB,0xDB,0xC3,0xC3};
LedControl lc=LedControl(DIN,CLK,CS,0);
void setup() {
lc.shutdown(0,false); //The MAX72XX is in power-saving mode on startup
lc.setIntensity(0,15); // Set the brightness to maximum value
lc.clearDisplay(0); // and clear the display
}

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void loop() {
byte smile[8]= {0x3C,0x42,0xA5,0x81,0xA5,0x99,0x42,0x3C};
byte neutral[8]= {0x3C,0x42,0xA5,0x81,0xBD,0x81,0x42,0x3C};
byte frown[8]= {0x3C,0x42,0xA5,0x81,0x99,0xA5,0x42,0x3C};
printByte(smile);
delay(1000);
printByte(neutral);
delay(1000);
printByte(frown);
delay(1000);
printEduc8s();
lc.clearDisplay(0);
delay(1000);
}
void printEduc8s() {
printByte(e);
delay(1000);
printByte(d);
delay(1000);
printByte(u);
delay(1000);
printByte(c);
delay(1000);
printByte(eight);
delay(1000);
printByte(s);
delay(1000);
printByte(dot);
delay(1000);
printByte(c);
delay(1000);
printByte(o);
delay(1000);
printByte(m);
delay(1000);
}
void printByte(byte character []) {
int i = 0;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
lc.setRow(0,i,character[i]);
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 11 – Interfacing with LCD 1602 Display
Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn how to use a character display device - LCD1602 on the Arduino
platform. We first make the LCD1602 display a string "Hello world!"
Components
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x potentiometer
 1 x LCD(16 x 2) Display
 1 x BreadBoard
 Jumper Wires

Principle
LCD1602 is a kind of character LCD display. The LCD has a parallel interface, meaning that the
microcontroller has to manipulate several interface pins at once to control the display. The
interface consists of the following pins:
● A register select (RS) pin that controls where in the LCD's memory you're writing data to. You
can select either the data register, which holds what goes on the screen, or an instruction
register, which is where the LCD's controller looks for instructions on what to do next.
● A Read/Write (R/W) pin that selects reading mode or writing mode
● An Enable pin that enables writing to the registers
● 8 data pins (D0-D7). The state of these pins (high or low) is the bits that you're writing to a
register when you write, or the values when you read.
● There are also a display contrast pin (Vo), power supply pins (+5V and Gnd) and LED Backlight
(Bklt+ and BKlt-) pins that you can use to power the LCD, control the display contrast, and turn
on or off the LED backlight respectively.
The process of controlling the display involves putting the data that form the image of what you
want to display into the data registers, then putting instructions in the instruction register. The
Liquid Crystal Library simplifies this for you so you don't need to know the low-level instructions.
The Hitachi-compatible LCDs can be controlled in two modes: 4-bit or 8-bit. The 4-bit mode
requires seven I/O pins from the Arduino, while the 8-bit mode requires 11 pins. For displaying
text on the screen, you can do most everything in 4-bit mode.

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A potentiometer, informally a pot, is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact
that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper,
it acts as a variable resistor.
Schematic:

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

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Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************
File name: 11 Interfacing with LCD 1602 Display.ino Description:
Let, LCD display print HELLO WORLD. ******************************************/
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(13, 12, 11, 10, 6, 4);

void setup() {
// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.print("hello, world!");
}

void loop() {
// set the cursor to column 0, line 1
// (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0):
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
// print the number of seconds since reset:
lcd.print(millis()/1000);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 12 – HC-SR04 Project
Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn how to measure the distance by the ultrasonic distance sensor.

Component:

 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Ultrasonic sensor
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wire

Principle:
The HC-SR04 uses sound instead of light as the GP2D12 module does. The HC-SR04 sends a ping
as a submarine does and measure the time between sending and receiving anything back when
an object is in front of the sensor. Because using sound for its measurements we can reach up to
4 meters. The module is about 45x20x15 mm in size and has a 4 pin connection. Two pins are
needed to power the module with 5 Volts. The working current is about 15 mA. One pin is the
trigger ping and the last one is used to read the result of the measurements, the echo pin. The
measuring angle from the HC-SR04 is 15 degree. At 4 meter distance this should be a beam of
about 1 meter. At 1 meter this is 26 cm so we have to keep this in mind when using this
information.
Schematic:

Procedure:

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Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program
/***********************************************************
File name: 12 – HC-SR04 Project .ino Description:
Let, Distance measure with ultrasonic sensor.************************/

#include <HCSR04.h>
const int TriggerPin = 8; //Trig pin
const int EchoPin = 9; //Echo pin
long Duration = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode(TriggerPin,OUTPUT); // Trigger is an output pin
pinMode(EchoPin,INPUT); // Echo is an input pin
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial Output
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(TriggerPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(TriggerPin, HIGH); // Trigger pin to HIGH
delayMicroseconds(10); // 10us high
digitalWrite(TriggerPin, LOW); // Trigger pin to HIGH

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 Duration = pulseIn(EchoPin,HIGH); // Waits for the echo pin to get high
long Distance_mm = Distance(Duration); // Use function to calculate the distance

Serial.print("Distance = "); // Output to serial

Serial.print(Distance_mm);
Serial.println(" mm");
delay(1000); // Wait to do next measurement
}
long Distance(long time)
{
long DistanceCalc; // Calculation variable
DistanceCalc = ((time /2.9) / 2); // Actual calculation in mm
//DistanceCalc = time / 74 / 2; // Actual calculation in inches
return DistanceCalc; // return calculated value
}

Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 13 - Touch Sensor arduino Interface

Overview:
In this project I made a touch sensor using a coin that works based on Arduino.

Components:

 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Touch Sensor
 1 x BreadBoard
 Jumper Wires

Principle
This device uses your body as part of the circuit. When you touch the sensor pad, the capacitance of the
circuit is changed and is detected. That detected change in capacitance results in the output changing
states.
When I first got this, I expected a glitch device that while functional, would occasionally have
unpredictable output results.
I may have been wrong. After playing for a few hours, I can’t seem to get it to do anything other than
what I expected it to do. If you’re looking for robust user input, this might do the trick.

Schematic:

Procedure:

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Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************
File name: 13 Touch Sensor arduino Interface .ino Description:
Let, Touch sensor using. ****************************/
#define sensorPin 2 // capactitive touch sensor - Arduino Digital pin D2

int ledPin = 13; // Output display LED (on board LED) - Arduino Digital pin D13
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
int senseValue = digitalRead(sensorPin);
if (senseValue == HIGH){
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
Serial.println("TOUCHED");
}
else{
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
Serial.println("not touched");
}
delay(500);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 14 - Relay Module

Overview:
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a relay module.
Components
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x BreadBoard
 1 x Relay Module
 Jumper wire
Principle
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used as in solid
state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power
signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in
long-distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers. They repeated the signal coming in from
one circuit and retransmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in
telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric
motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with
no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform the switching.
Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating
coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults. In modern electric
power systems, these functions are performed by digital instruments called
"protective relays".

Schematic

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program

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 /***********************************************************
File name: 14 Relay Module. ino Description:
Let, Relay use. *******************************************************/

int relayPin = 3;
void setup() {
pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // turn the relay on (Active LOW operation)
delay(2000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // turn the relay off by making the voltage HIGH
delay(2000); // wait for a second
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 15 - Control Servo Motor

Overview:
Servo is a type of geared motor that can only rotate 180 degrees. It is controlled by sending
electrical pulses from your UNO R3 board. These pulses tell the servo what position it should
move to. A servo has three wires, the brown wire is GND, the red one is VCC, and the orange one
is signal line.
COMPONENTS:
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Servo Motor
 1 x BreadBoard
 2 x Jumper Wires
Schematic:

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

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Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder

/***********************************************************
File name: 15 Control Servo Motor .ino Description:
Let, servo motor rotate **********************************************************/

# include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
int pos = 0;
void setup() {
myservo.attach(6);
}
void loop() {
for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 5) {
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 5) {
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 16 - Stepper Motor Control

Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn how to control a stepper motor.

Components:
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Stepper Motor
 1 x Motor Driver Module
 1 x Battery
 Jumper wires

Principle
Most stepper motors will operate only with the help of a driver module. This is because the
controller module (In our case Arduino) will not be able to provide enough current from its I/O
pins for the motor to operate. So we will use an external module like ULN2003 module
as stepper motor driver. There are a many types of driver module and the rating of one will
change based on the type of motor used.
The circuit Diagram for the arduino stepper motor control project is shown above. We have used
the 28BYJ-48 Stepper motor and the ULN2003 Driver module. To energize the four coils of the
stepper motor we are using the digital pins 8,9,10 and 11. The driver module is powered by the
5V pin of the Arduino Board.
But, power the driver with External Power supply when you are connecting some load to the
steppe motor. Since I am just using the motor for demonstration purpose I have used the +5V
rail of the Arduino Board. Also remember to connect the Ground of the Arduino with the ground
of the Diver module.

Procedure:

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Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************
File name: 16 stepper Motor Control .ino Description:
Let, Control stepper motor. *********************************************/
#include <Stepper.h>
#define STEPS 64
Stepper stepper(STEPS, 8, 9, 10, 11);
int previous = 0;
void setup() {
stepper.setSpeed(30);
}

void loop() {
int val = analogRead(0);
stepper.step(val - previous);
previous = val;
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 17 – Soil Moisture Sensor

Overview:
In this project we will study about Soil Moisture sensor are specifically designed to detect the
amount of moisture or water soil contains using with Arduino.
Components:

 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Soil Moisture Sensor
 Jumper Wires

Principle
Soil Moisture sensor are specifically designed to detect the amount of moisture or water soil
contains. It uses capacitance to measure the dielectric constant of the soil. Dielectric constant
can be called as the ability of soil to transmit electricity. The soil increases as the water content
of the soil increases. Dielectric constant of water is more than any other soil component that is
why soil sensor uses that factor for moisture detection. The sensor creates a voltage proportional
to the dielectric permittivity, and therefore detects the water content of the soil.

Schematic:

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

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Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************
File name: 17. Soil Moisture Sensor .ino Description:
Let, Detect the amount of moisture or water soil contains. **********************/
const int hygrometer = A0; // Soil moisture sensor analog pin output at pin A0 of Arduino
int value;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
value = analogRead(hygrometer); // Read analog value
value = constrain(value,400,1023); // Keep the ranges!
value = map(value,400,1023,100,0); // Map value : 400 will be 100 and 1023 will be 0
Serial.print("Soil humidity: ");
Serial.print(value);
Serial.println("%");
delay(1000); // Read every 1 sec
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 18 - Vibration Sensor Module
Overview:
In this project, we will connect Arduino with Vibration sensor and LED .

Components:
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Vibration Sensor Module
 1 x LED
 1 x BreadBoard
 Jumper Wires

Principle
Vibrations can be an indicator that trouble is coming. It can be your machine going haywire, a
gear on a robot missing a teeth, or worse, a looming earthquake! In this vibration sensor tutorial,
we will look at how to detect vibrations using especially designed sensors and an Arduino
microcontroller. There are two widely available vibration sensors in the market: SW-420
and 801S.

Schematic:

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

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Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************
File name: 18 - Vibration Sensor Module .ino Description:
Let, Vibration Sensor . ****************************/

int vib_pin=7;
int led_pin=13;
void setup() {
pinMode(vib_pin,INPUT);
pinMode(led_pin,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
int val;
val=digitalRead(vib_pin);
if(val==1)
{
digitalWrite(led_pin,HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(led_pin,LOW);
delay(1000);
}
else
digitalWrite(led_pin,LOW);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 19 – Infrared sensor Receiver module
Overview:
In this tutorial we are using Receiver modules KY-022.
Components:
 1 x Arduino Uno
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Infrared Receiver module
 1 x Infrared remote control
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wires
Principle:
This is their specific physical map.
This time we want to introduce infrared transmitter and receiver modules, in fact, they are now
in our daily life. They play an important role in lots of household appliances and are used in
devices such as air conditioning, TV, DVD, etc., It is based on wireless sensing, but also can be a
remote control, very easy to use.
IR emission LEDs are used in TV remote, Let’s see how to make TV remote using this module.

Schematic:
 Arduino GND --> Module pin GND
 Arduino +5V --> Module PLUS (middle pin)
 Arduino Digital pin 11 --> Module S

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder

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 /***********************************************************
File name: 19 – Infrared sensor Receiver module KY-022
Let, Only Receiver modules. ********************/

#include <IRremote.h>
int RECV_PIN = 11;
IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Start the receiver
}
void loop() {
if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
Serial.println(results.value, HEX);
irrecv.resume(); // Receive the next value
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 20 – Sound sensor module
Overview:
In this experiment, we will learn how to use the Sound Sensor module.

Components:
 1 x Arduino Uno
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Sound sensor module
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wires
Principle:
The Sound Sensor has two output: AO, analog output, real-time output voltage signal of
microphone DO, when the intensity of the sound to reach a certain threshold, the output high
and low level signal, the threshold - sensitivity can be achieved by potentiometer adjustment
period.

Schematic:

KY-037 Arduino
A0 -
+ 5v
G GND
D0 Pin 2

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder

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 /***********************************************************
File name: 20 –Sound sensor module
Let, Arduino Sound sensor module. ***********************/
const int ledPin = 13; //pin 13 built-in led
const int soundPin = 2; //sound sensor attach to A0
int threshold = 600; //Set minimum threshold for LED lit
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin,OUTPUT);//set pin13 as OUTPUT
Serial.begin(9600); //initialize serial
}
void loop() {
int value = digitalRead(soundPin);//read the value of A0
Serial.println(value);//print the value
if(value > threshold) //if the value is greater than 600
{
digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH);//turn on the led
delay(200);//delay 200ms
}
else
{
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);//turn off the led
}
delay(1000);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 21 - Analog Joystick Module
Overview:
In this tutorial we will learn how to use the analog joystick module. Analog joysticks are a great
way to add some control in your projects.

Components:
 1 x Arduino Uno
 1 x USB cable
 1 x Joystick Module
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wires

Principle
Joystick
The module has 5 pins: Vcc, Ground, X, Y, Key. Note that the labels on yours may be slightly
different, depending on where you got the module from. The thumb stick is analog and should
provide more accurate readings than simple „directional‟ joysticks tact use some forms of
buttons, or mechanical switches. Additionally, you can press the joystick down (rather hard on
mine) to activate a „press to select‟ push-button.
We have to use analog Arduino pins to read the data from the X/Y pins, and a digital pin to read
the button. The Key pin is connected to ground, when the joystick is pressed down, and is floating
otherwise. To get stable readings from the Key /Select pin, it needs to be connected to Vcc via a
pull-up resistor. The built in resistors on the Arduino digital pins can be used. For a tutorial on
how to activate the pull-up resistors for Arduino pins, configured as inputs.

Schematic

Procedure:

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Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program
/***********************************************************
File name: 21 - Analog Joystick Module.ino Description:
Let ,Analog Joystick Module***********************************************/
const int SW_pin = 2; // digital pin connected to switch output
const int X_pin = A0; // analog pin connected to X output
const int Y_pin = A1; // analog pin connected to Y output

void setup() {
pinMode(SW_pin, INPUT);
digitalWrite(SW_pin, HIGH);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
Serial.print("Switch: ");
Serial.print(digitalRead(SW_pin));
Serial.print("\n");
Serial.print("X-axis: ");
Serial.print(analogRead(X_pin));
Serial.print("\n");
Serial.print("Y-axis: ");
Serial.println(analogRead(Y_pin));
Serial.print("\n\n");
delay(500);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 22 - Interfacing DHT11 Sensor with Arduino
Overview:
In this tutorial we have to learn about the data from DHT11 sensor send to Arduino UNO and
then the humidity and temperature.

COMPONENTS
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x DTH11 Temperature Sensor
 1 x BreadBoard
 Jumper Wires

Schematic:

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

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Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************
File name: 22 Interfacing DHT11 Sensor with Arduino .ino Description:
Let, Showing the temperature using DHT. ****************************/
#include <SimpleDHT.h>
int pinDHT11 = 7;
SimpleDHT11 dht11;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
Serial.println("=================================");
Serial.println("Sample DHT11...");

byte temperature = 0;
byte humidity = 0;
byte data[40] = {0};
if (dht11.read(pinDHT11, &temperature, &humidity, data)) {
Serial.print("Read DHT11 failed");
return;
}
Serial.print("Sample RAW Bits: ");
for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
Serial.print((int)data[i]);
if (i > 0 && ((i + 1) % 4) == 0) {
Serial.print(' ');
}

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 }
Serial.println("");
Serial.print ("Sample OK: ");
Serial.print((int)temperature); Serial.print(" *C, ");
Serial.print((int)humidity); Serial.println(" %");
delay(1000);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 23 - Four Digit 7 Segment Display Module
(TM1637)
Overview:
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a 4-digit 7-segment display (TM1637).

Components:
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x 4 Digit 7-segment Display
 1 x Breadboard
 Several jumper wires

Principle
When using 1-digit 7-segment display and it is common anode, the common anode pin connects
to the power source; if it is common cathode, the common cathode pin connects to the GND.
When using 4-digit 7-segment display, the common anode or common cathode pin is used to
control which digit is displayed. Even though there is only one digit working, the principle of
Persistence of Vision enables you to see all numbers displayed because each the scanning speed
is so fast you hardly notice the intervals.

Schematic

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program code

/***********************************************************
File name: 23_ Four Digital Seven Segment Display(TM1637) .ino Description:
Let, four digital segment display. **************************************/

#include <TM1637Display.h>
const int CLK = 9; //Set the CLK pin connection to the display
const int DIO = 8; //Set the DIO pin connection to the display
int NumStep = 0; //Variable to interate
TM1637Display display(CLK, DIO); //set up the 4-Digit Display.
void setup() {
display.setBrightness(0x0a); //set the diplay to maximum brightness
}
void loop() {
for(NumStep = 0; NumStep < 9999; NumStep++) //Interrate NumStep
{
display.showNumberDec(NumStep); //Display the Variable value;
delay(500); //A half second delay between steps.
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 24 - Interfacing tilt sensor with arduino

Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the tilt sensor module is equipped with a tilt sensor and
a potentiometer
Components
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Tilt Switch Module
 1 x Breadboard
 Several jumper wires
Principle
Tilt sensors are essential components in security alarm systems today. Standalone tilt sensors
sense tilt angle or movement. Tilt sensors can be implemented using mercury and roller ball
technology, and can be mounted using mechanical threading, magnets, or adhesives,
depending on what type of surface they are being mounted to.
Schematic

Tilt Sensor Module Arduino

D0 2
G GND
+ 5v

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

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Step 2: Program
/***********************************************************
File name: 24 Interfacing tilt sensor with arduino. ino Description:
Let, Tilt sensor Module. ****************************/
const int sigPin = 2; // the number of the tilt switch pin
const int ledPin = 13; // the number of the LED pin
// variables will change:
boolean sigState = 0; // variable for reading the tilt switch status
void setup() {
// initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
// initialize the tilt switch pin as an input:
pinMode(sigPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
// read the state of the tilt switch value:
sigState = digitalRead(sigPin);
if (sigState == HIGH) {
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
else {
// turn LED off:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 25 – Interfacing RC522 RFID Module with
Arduino

Overview:
In this tutorial, you will learn to how to apply the RC522 RFID Reader Module on UNO R3.This
module uses the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus to communicate with controllers such as
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, beagle board, etc.
Components:
 1 x Arduino Uno
 1 x USB cable
 1 x Rc522 module
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wires

Principle:
The MFRC522 is a highly integrated reader/writer for contactless communication at 13.56
MHz .The MFRC522 reader supports ISO 14443A / MIFARE® mode.
The MFRC522‟s internal transmitter part is able to drive a reader/writer antenna designed
to communicate with ISO/IEC 14443A/MIFARE® cards and transponders without additional
active circuitry. The receiver part provides a robust and efficient implementation of a
demodulation and decoding circuitry for signals from ISO/IEC 14443A/MIFARE® compatible
cards and transponders. The digital part handles the complete ISO/IEC 14443A framing and
error detection (Parity & CRC).The MFRC522 supports MIFARE®Classic (e.g. MIFARE®
Standard) products. The MFRC522 supports contactless communication using MIFARE®
higher transfer speeds up to 848 Kbit/s in both directions.

Schematic:

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program
/*************************************************
File name: 25- Interfacing RC522 RFID Module with Arduino.ino Description:
Let, RFID module. **********************************/
#include <SPI.h>

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 #include <MFRC522.h>

#define RST_PIN 9 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above

#define SS_PIN 10 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create MFRC522 instance
#define NEW_UID {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF}
MFRC522::MIFARE_Key key;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communications with the PC
while (!Serial); // Do nothing if no serial port is opened (added for Arduinos based on
ATMEGA32U4)
SPI.begin(); // Init SPI bus
mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Init MFRC522 card
Serial.println(F("Warning: this example overwrites the UID of your UID changeable card, use with
care!"));
for (byte i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
key.keyByte[i] = 0xFF;
}
}
void loop() {
if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() || ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial() ) {
delay(50);
return;
}
Serial.print(F("Card UID:"));
for (byte i = 0; i < mfrc522.uid.size; i++) {
Serial.print (mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " ");
Serial.print(mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i], HEX);
}
Serial.println();
byte newUid[] = NEW_UID;
if ( mfrc522.MIFARE_SetUid(newUid, (byte)4, true) ) {
Serial.println (F ("Wrote new UID to card."));
}
mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();
if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() || ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial() ) {
return;
}
Serial.println(F("New UID and contents:"));
mfrc522.PICC_DumpToSerial(&(mfrc522.uid));
delay(2000);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 26 – Interfacing Bluetooth module HC-05 with
Arduino
Overview:
In this tutorial we will study about the arduino using Bluetooth module HC-05.

Components:
 1 x Arduino Uno
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Bluetooth Module HC-05
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wires
Principle:
Arduino can communicate with other devices via Bluetooth using the module HC-05
(master/slave). It enables the Arduino to connect and exchange data with other devices such as
Smartphone, computer or other microcontrollers. Bluetooth communication can be used to
control a robot remotely, Display and store data on your computer or on your smartphone, for
instance.
Schematic:
Key – Arduino Pin 9
Vcc – Arduino 5v
GND – Arduino GND
TXD – Arduino Pin 10
RXD – Arduino Pin 11

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder

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 /***********************************************************
File name: 26 – Interfacing Bluetooth module HC-05 with Arduino
Let, Bluetooth module HC-05.*******/
// This program shown how to control arduino from PC Via Bluetooth
// Connect ...
// arduino>>bluetooth
// D11 >>> Rx
// D10 >>> Tx
//Written By Mohannad Rawashdeh
//for http://www.genotronex.com/

// you will need arduino 1.0.1 or higher to run this sketch

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>// import the serial library

SoftwareSerial Genotronex(10, 11); // RX, TX

int ledpin=13; // led on D13 will show blink on / off
int BluetoothData; // the data given from Computer

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Genotronex.begin(9600);
Genotronex.println("Bluetooth On please press 1 or 0 blink LED ..");
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
if (Genotronex.available()){
BluetoothData=Genotronex.read();
if(BluetoothData=='1'){ // if number 1 pressed ....
digitalWrite(ledpin,1);
Genotronex.println("LED On D13 ON ! ");
}
if (BluetoothData=='0'){// if number 0 pressed ....
digitalWrite(ledpin,0);
Genotronex.println("LED On D13 Off ! ");
}
}
delay(100);// prepare for next data ...
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

AT Commands

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In general, typing the command AT+<command>? will prompt the saved parameter (ex:
AT+PSWD? will display the module PIN code). If you enter AT+<command>=<Param>, you can
set the parameter value(ex: AT+PWSD=0000 to modify the PIN code to 0000).
Here are some of the AT commands:
To test communication,enter AT in the serial monitor of the Arduino IDE. If everything is setup
correctly it should display OK.
To modify the module name, enter AT+NAME=<Param>. The module should answer OK (Defaut
HC-05, Ex: To change the name to BTM1 enter AT+NAME=BTM1).
To modify the PIN code, enter AT+PSWD=<Param> . The module should answer OK(Default 1234
Ex: To change the PIN to 0000 enter AT+PSWD=0000).
AT+ROLE=<Param> to midy the role of the module as slave or master (Default 0, Ex: to change
the role as master enter AT+ROLE=1, as slave enter AT+ROLE=0).
To modify the baudrate, enter AT+UART=<Param1>,<Param2>,<Param3> with Param1, 2 and 3
serial communication parameters: baudrate, stop bit and parity bit respectively (By default,set
to 9600,0,0. Ex: to modify the baudrate to 115200 enter AT+UART=115200,0,0).
Other AT commands exist for the Bluetooth module HC-05 that you can find following the link.

Slave Configuration
To set the module as a slave, you can change the name as AT+NAME=HC05-Slave and choose the
communication parameters and the PIN code that you want. You’ll need to make sure that
master and slave as the same communication parameters.
AT returns OK
AT+NAME=HC05-Slave
AT+UART=9600,0,0
AT+ROLE=0
Enter AT+ADDR to obtain the module address (ex: +ADDR:98d3:32:21450e)

Master Configuration
To set the module as master, you need to change the role and set the same communication
parameter as the slave module.
AT returns OK
AT+NAME=HC05-Master
AT+UART=9600,0,0
AT+ROLE=1
The slave module address must be enter in the master module to allows it to appair:
AT+BIND=98d3,32,21450e (replace dots “:” by coma “,”)

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 Lesson 27 – Interfacing Thermistor Module with
Arduino – To measure Temperature

Overview:
In this tutorial we have to study about the Thermistor Sensor Module is used to sense
temperature and convert it into output signals.

Components:
 1 x Arduino Uno
 1 x USB Cable
 1 x Thermal sensor
 1 x Breadboard
 Jumper wires
Principle:
Thermistor Sensor Module is used to sense temperature and convert it into output signals. It is
associated with both analog output pin and digital output pin labelled as AO and DO respectively
on the board. Thermistor Sensor Module is made of semiconductor materials. Basically
thermistor sensors are mostly Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC), which means NTC
thermistors will have their electrical resistance decreased when subjected to an increase in body
temperature. This module has a potentiometer knob that can be adjusted to change the
sensitivity of thermistor towards temperature.

Schematic:
Thermistor Arduino
A0 A5
D0 -
G GND
+ 5v

Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

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Step 2: Program: Open /Copy the code from the “CODE” Folder
/***********************************************************
File name: 27 – Interfacing Thermistor Module with Arduino – To measure Temperature
Let, Thermistor sensor module*******/

void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
unsigned int AnalogValue;
AnalogValue = analogRead(A5);
Serial.println(AnalogValue);
delay(1000);
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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 Lesson 28 - DC Motor Direction Control

Overview:
In this tutorial we have study about DC Motor control forward direction or revere direction using
RGB LED.

COMPONENTS
 1 x Arduino UNO
 1 X USB Cable
 1 x BreadBoard
 1 x RGB LED
 1 x Push Button
 1 x Dc Motor
 1 x 10kΩ Resistor
 Jumper wires

Principle:
Control the rotation of the DC Motor either clockwise or counter clockwise thru the switch and
make the RGB LED as indicator e.g. Blue for clockwise and Red for counter clockwise.

Schematic:

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Procedure:
Step 1: Build the circuit

Step 2: Program
/***********************************************************
File name: 28 DC Motor Direction Control.ino Description:
Let, DC motor control by RGB LED. ****************************************/
const int inputPin=1;
const int blue=3;
const int red=4;
const int motorPin1=5, motorPin2=6;
int dir = LOW;
int prevState=0, currentState=0;

void setup() {
pinMode(inputPin, INPUT);
pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(blue, OUTPUT);
pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
}
void loop () {
currentState=digitalRead(inputPin);
if (currentState!= prevState)
{
if (currentState == HIGH)
{
dir = !dir;

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 }
}
prevState = currentState;
if (dir==HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(motorPin1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(motorPin2,LOW);
digitalWrite(blue,HIGH);
digitalWrite(red,LOW);
}
else {
digitalWrite(motorPin1,LOW);
digitalWrite(motorPin2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(blue,LOW);
digitalWrite(red,HIGH);
}
}
Step 3: Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board.

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