Fundamentals of OOP

Rizoan Toufiq1

1 Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
rizoantoufiq@yahoo.com

Course Title: Object Oriented Programming

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 Overview

1 Object Oriented Programming

2 Introduction to C++
Origins of the C++ Language
A Sample C++ Program
Layout of a Simple C++ Program
Compiling and Running a C++ Program

3 Testing and Debugging

Kind of Program Errors

4 Resources

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 Object Oriented Programming

Abbreviated OOP
Used for many modern programs
Program is viewed as interacting objects
Each object contains algorithms to describe its behavior
Program design phase involves designing objects and their algorithms

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 Characteristics of OOP

Encapsulation
Information hiding
Objects contain their own data and algorithms
Inheritance
Writing reusable code
Objects can inherit characteristics from other objects
Polymorphism
A single name can have multiple meanings depending on its context

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 Overview
1 Object Oriented Programming
2 Introduction to C++
Origins of the C++ Language
A Sample C++ Program
Layout of a Simple C++ Program
Compiling and Running a C++ Program
3 Testing and Debugging
Kind of Program Errors
4 Resources

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 Origins of the C++ Language

Where did C++ come from?

Derived from the C language
C was derived from the B language
B was derived from the BCPL(Basic Combined Programming
Language)
Why the ‘++’ ?
++ is an operator in C++

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 Origins of the C++ Language

C developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs in the 1970s.

Used to maintain UNIX systems
Many commercial applications written in c
C++ developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Labs in the
1980s.
Overcame several shortcomings of C
Incorporated object oriented programming
C remains a subset of C++

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 Overview
1 Object Oriented Programming
2 Introduction to C++
Origins of the C++ Language
A Sample C++ Program
Layout of a Simple C++ Program
Compiling and Running a C++ Program
3 Testing and Debugging
Kind of Program Errors
4 Resources

Rizoan Toufiq (Assistant Prof.,CSE,RUET) Fundamentals of OOP 8 / 26

 A Sample C++ Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int number;

cout << "Press return after entering a number.\n";

cout << "Enter the number:\n";
cin >> number;

number = number + number;

cout << number;

return 0;
}
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 A Sample C++ Program

Example (Sample Output:)

Press return after entering a number.
Enter the number:
10
20

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 A Sample C++ Program

A simple C++ program begins this way

And ends this way

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 A Sample C++ Program

Program statement
using namespace std;
Tells the compiler to use names in iostream in a ”standard” way.

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 A Sample C++ Program

Variable declaration line

int number;
Identifies names of three variables to name numbers
int means that the variables represent integers

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 A Sample C++ Program

Program statement
cout<< "Press return after entering a number.\n";
cout (see-out) used for output to the monitor
’\n’ causes a new line to be started on the monitor

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 A Sample C++ Program

Program statement
cin >> number;
cin (see-in) used for input from the keyboard

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 A Sample C++ Program

Program statement
number = number+ number;
Performs a computation
’+’ is used for multiplication
’=’ causes number to get a new value based on the calculation shown
on the right of the equal sign

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 A Sample C++ Program

Program statement
cout << number;
Sends the value of variable number to the monitor

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 Overview
1 Object Oriented Programming
2 Introduction to C++
Origins of the C++ Language
A Sample C++ Program
Layout of a Simple C++ Program
Compiling and Running a C++ Program
3 Testing and Debugging
Kind of Program Errors
4 Resources

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 Layout of a Simple C++ Program

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 Overview
1 Object Oriented Programming
2 Introduction to C++
Origins of the C++ Language
A Sample C++ Program
Layout of a Simple C++ Program
Compiling and Running a C++ Program
3 Testing and Debugging
Kind of Program Errors
4 Resources

Rizoan Toufiq (Assistant Prof.,CSE,RUET) Fundamentals of OOP 20 / 26

 Compiling and Running a C++ Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main( )
{
cout << "Testing 1, 2, 3\n";
return 0;
}

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 Testing and Debugging

Bug
A mistake in a program
Debugging
Eliminating mistakes in programs

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 Overview
1 Object Oriented Programming
2 Introduction to C++
Origins of the C++ Language
A Sample C++ Program
Layout of a Simple C++ Program
Compiling and Running a C++ Program
3 Testing and Debugging
Kind of Program Errors
4 Resources

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 Kind of Program Errors

Syntax errors
Violation of the grammar rules of the language
Discovered by the compiler
Error messages may not always show correct location of errors
Run-time errors
Error conditions detected by the computer at run-time
Logic errors
Errors in the program’s algorithm
Most difficult to diagnose
Computer does not recognize an error

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 Resources

Walter Savitch
Problem Solving with C++
Herbert Schildt
Teach Yourself C++

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 The End

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