MySQL Cheatsheet
Database
itis defined as a collection of interrelated data stored together to serve multiple applications
MySQL Elements
MySQL has certain elements that play an important role in querying a database,
Literals
Literals refer to a fixed data value
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Data Types
Data types are means to identity the type of data
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NULL Values
Ifa columa has no value, then its said to be NU!
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MySQL Simple Calculations
You can perform simple calculations in MySQl, just by using the Select command, there's no need to select
‘any particular database to perform these commands.
Addition
Ik will age two numbers
select 5+8;
Subtraction
‘twill subtract the second number from first
Multiplication
Ie will give the product of supplied numbers
Division
Ie will divide the number
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Accessing Database
‘These commands allow ane to check all the databases and tables
‘Show command
It will how all the databases in the system
It will how athe tables in a selected database
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Use command
It will start using the specified database Le. now you can create tables in the selected database
ccd This query is usea to create a table in the selected database:
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Insert command
It will add data into the solectes table
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Inserting NULL values
This query will add NULL value in the col3 ofthe s
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Inserting Dates
twill add the following data into the selected column of the table
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Select Command
A select query is used to fetch the data from the database
Selecting All Data
Iwill retrieve all the data ofthe se
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Selecting Particular Rows
Ie will retrieve all the data ofthe row that will satisfy the condition
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Selecting Particular Columns
Ie will retrieve data of selectee columns that will satisly the condition
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DISTINCT Keyword
Iwill rotriove only distinct data Lo. duplicate dats rows will get oliminated eee
Column Aliases
It is used to give a temporary name ta a table ora column ina table for the purpose of a particular query
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Condition Based on a Range
twill only retrieve data of those columns whose values will fall between valuel and value? (both inclusive)
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Condition Based on a List
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Searching NULL
Ie returns data that contains @ NUL value in them
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SQL Constraints
SQL constraints are the rules or checks enforced on the dats columns of a table
NOT NULL
Iwill create a table with NOT NULL constraint to its first column, DEFAULT
DEFAULT constraint provides a default value toa column
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UNIQUE
UNIQUE constraint ensures that all values in the column are different
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CHECK
CHECK constraint ensures that ll values in a colurnn satisfy certain conditions
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Primary Key
Primary key is Used to uniquely identify each row ina table
Foreign Key
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Viewing Table Structure
Desc or Describe command
Itallows you to see the table steueture upuate Guu nenU
‘twill update the values of selected columns
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Deleting Data
Delete Command
Ie will delat the entira row that will satisfy the condition
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Ordering Records
Order by clause is used to sort the data in ascending or descending order of spe
order by clause
Iwill return records in the ascending arder of the specified column name's data
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Ik will return records in the descending order ofthe specified column name's data
select * from order by DE:
Ordering data on multiple columns
It will return records in the ascending order of column and descending order of column?
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Grouping Result
Itis used to arrange identical data into groups so that aggregate functions can work on them,
Group by clause
Irallows you to group two or more colurmns and then you can perform aggregate fu
ion an them
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Having clause
Having clause is used to put conditions on groups
ct avg(), sum() from group by having ) “Alias Name” fron s
SUM Function
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rns the sum of values in given column
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MySQL Joins
Join clouseis use to combine or merge ows fram two or more tables based ona elated attribute
INNER JOIN
It returns all rows from multiple tables where the jain concition is satisfied, It is the most common type of
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LEFT OUTER JOIN
It returns all rows from the left-hand table specified inthe ON condition and only those rows from the other
table where the join condition is fulfilled
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RIGHT OUTER JOIN
It returns all rows from the RIGHT-hand table specified in the ON condition and only these rows from the
‘other table where the join condition is satisfied
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FULLJOIN
Itcombines the results of bot
loft and right outer joins
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‘SELF JOIN
In this join, table is joined with itself
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