Types of Road | road type
Types of Road | Types of road A road is a route or way on land between two places that has been built
or improved to allow travel on foot or by some form of transport (including bus, car vehicle, cart,
bicycle and horse etc.) . There are different types of roads in the civil construction sector.
Based on Different Factors:-
Materials
Location & function
Traffic volume
width
economics
Traffic type
Rigidity
Geography
Based on Materials:-
Different types of roads based on the material used in road construction. The types of roads
on the basis of material are given below.
earthen roads
gravel roads
Murrum Roads
Kankar road
Water bond macadam (WBM) roads
bituminous roads
concrete roads
Earthen Roads:-
In this type of roads the place is covered with soil. Earthen roads are economical as compared
to all other types of roads.
It is designed for low traffic or rural areas. Usually the earthen road is low quality roads.
A complete drainage system should be constructed in the earthen road which should show
good performance for a longer period.
Gravel Roads:-
These types of roads are also low grade roads, but earthen roads are better than earthen
roads. Gravel and clay soil are put in this road and then it is used as pavement material in this
road.
Murrum Roads (Murum Roads):-
Murum material is obtained from the decomposition of igneous rocks by weathering
agencies. The lateritic soil is called Murum. The roads using this Murum are known as
Murum roads.
Kankar Roads(Kankar Road):-
Pebble is a substance that is an impure or impure form of limestone. These types of roads are
constructed where lime is available in legal quantity. These roads are low grade and low
performance roads.
Water Bond Macadam (WBM) Roads:-
The base of water bound macadam roads consists of gravel. The aggregates are laid and
spread over the surface after sprinkling with water. Water Bond Macadam (WBM) roads give
good performance as compared to earthen roads, gravel roads, muram roads and gravel roads.
Water Bond Macadam (WBM) roads are in the form of layers of about 10 cm thickness of
each layer. This road is very bumpy and can collapse under the weight of straight traffic.
Bituminous Roads:-
It is the most common type of road and is widely used in this universe. Bitumen road is very
economical and good for driving. The thickness of this road depends on the subgrade of the
road.
Bitumen road is prepared from a mixture of bitumen and gravel or stone aggregates. All these
ingredients are very cheap and available everywhere in the world.
Concrete Roads:-
Cement is used to make the pavement in this road. Concrete roads are famous and very
expensive as compared to bitumen, pebble, water bonded macadam gravel soil and Murom
roads. Concrete roads are not flexible, hence the cost of maintenance. The concrete road is
very low.
This road is good for high traffic areas. They are constructed with joints and the construction
of this road takes a lot of time.
Based on Location and Function:-
National Highways
state highways
District roads
Rural roads or village roads
Practical Knowledge of Civil Engineering
National highways:-
This is the main road that has been built to connect all the major cities of the country with the
capital. National highways run everywhere in the country and major cities. Minimum two
lane road has been constructed for National Highways
State highways:-
This is the second main road that has been built to connect important parts of the state. These
types of roads connect the National Highways
District roads:-
It is built within cities and connects markets and production areas to state and national
highways. These roads are mainly of two types which are given below
Major district roads
Minor district roads
Rural roads or village roads:-
Rural roads are also called rural roads. Rural roads connect the villages and also connect the
surrounding city and district roads. Generally, low grade roads are constructed as village
roads due to low traffic volume.
Based on Traffic Volume (based on traffic volume): -
Light traffic roads
Medium traffic roads
High traffic roads
Light Traffic Roads:
The road carries an average of 400 automobiles per day and is called a light traffic road.
Medium Traffic Roads:
This road carries an average of 400 to 1000 vehicles per day on an average and is called a
medium traffic road.
High Traffic Roads:
The road carries on an average more than 1000 automobiles per day, making it a high traffic
road.
Types of Civil Engineering | Course of Civil Engineering
Based on Economy:-
o Low-cost roads
o Medium cost roads
o High-cost roads
Based on Traffic Type:-
o Pedestrian way
o cycle tracks
o motorways
Pedestrian ways :-
This type of road is mostly made for pedestrians, and no automobiles are allowed in this
pedestrian route.
Cycle Tracks (Cycle Tracks):-
It is also known as cycle track. It is made on both sides of the footpath for cycles and cycles
to travel safely.
Motorways :-
It is also called Expressway. Only certain automobiles are available to use the motorway
road. Vehicles that can transport at high speed are allowed in this road. Motorways move
faster and provide relief for speeding cars or automobiles.
Based on Rigidity:-
flexible roads
Rigid roads
Based on Topography (on the basis of topography): -
Plain area road
Hilly area roads
Plain Area Road (Plain Area Road):-
Such type of roads provided on a flat surface are called plain area roads.
Hilly Area Roads :-
This type of road provided in hilly areas is known as hilly area roads. These are also called
ghat roads. Generally roads in hilly region are constructed in a spiral shape around the hill.
Components of Road | Road Geometry |
Road Section
What are the components of Road:-
In this article the components of roads and the structure of roads and its structure will be
studied. After reading this article you will understand a lot about the components of road
structures. We'll try to make it as simple as possible.
There are some components of road infrastructure which are discussed below which are as follows:
1. CARRIAGEWAY
2. FORMATION WIDTH
3. Kerb
4. ROAD MARGIN
5. MEDIANS
6. CAMBER
7. right of way
Concrete Volume for Staircase
1. CARRIAGEWAY:-
Carriageway is the width of the road on which traffic moves without any restriction. It
usually consists of traffic lines and the width of the carriageway depends on the lines of
traffic.
Traffic lines are those lines on which traffic can move freely without any restriction.
Each country has its own rules for the width of the carriageway as to how long it should be
for a single line road in some countries it ranges from 2.44 meters for two line to over 3.75
metres.
2. FORMATION WIDTH:-
The constructed width of the road is the sum of the carriageway, shoulder and separator (if
any).
3. KERB:-
Curb is the boundary line made of stone or concrete block that separates the carriageway
form pavement. There are different types of curbs with different heights.
There are four types of curbs which are low or mountable curbs, semi-barrier curbs, barrier
curbs, and submerged curbs.
Io curbs are used to stay in line with traffic and also separate the shoulder from the road so
that drivers can enter the shoulder area with little difficulty. It has a height of 10 cm (4 in).
A semi barrier curb has a height of 15 cm (6 in). Barrier curb height is 20cm (8 inches).
They are provided where there is a considerable amount of pedestrian traffic. Submerged
curves are used in rural roads which basically provide stability to the road pavement
4. ROAD MARGIN:-
The part of the road excluding the carriageway is usually called the road margin, it includes
the separate parts or elements of the road which are given below
shoulders
bus bays
Parking lines
Sidewalks or footpaths
service roads
cycle tracks
guard rail
drive way
Frontage roads
4 (a) Shoulders:
The shoulder is a portion of the width of the formation excluding the carriage way. Provided
further that it is originally a roadway with a carriageway for emergency access to the
concourse during times of rush or to stop a vehicle for repair of motion, and may be used for
future extension of the roadway. The width of the shoulders is kept between 2.5 m to 4.6 m.
4 (b) Bus bays:
Bus bays or bus stops are located at the side of a road where buses can safely stop to pick up
passengers or drop them off without disrupting traffic flow, at least 75 meters (250 ft) from a
road intersection is provided.
4 (c) Parking lines:
In urban roads they usually provide roadside parking and parallel parking is preferred as it
does not obstruct the flow of traffic. Its width is 3 meters (10 ft).
4 (d) Sidewalks or footpaths:
Sidewalk and pavement are the same words when there is a heavy amount of traffic and
pedestrian flow a special paved area is provided for pedestrians to walk safely without any
accidents.
4 (e) Service roads:
Service roads are provided parallel to the main road and also connect to the main highway,
expressway. They are separated from the main road and are connected to the highway at
selected points. They are provided so as not to obstruct the flow of traffic.
4 (f) Cycle track:
Cycle tracks are provided in areas where the volume of cycle traffic exceeds the width of the
cycle track which is kept between 2 to 3 meters or in other words (6 to 10 feet).
4 (g) Guard rails:
Guard rails are generally provided on the shoulder of the road. They are provided if the fill is
greater than 3 m (10 ft). Their main purpose is to prevent them from falling on the road and
protect them from serious accidents. Guard rails are made of different types and in different
sizes. They are either made of steel, concrete or stone. They are painted white or yellow for
better visibility.
5. Medians
Mediators are provided to separate the traffic. Their main area purpose is to prevent collision
of traffic which are moving in opposite direction to each other.
6. CAMBERS
Camber or cross slope is provided in the middle of the road or carriageway for the drainage
of rain water from the road surface.
The main purpose of camber is to prevent water from entering the subgrade of the road,
The road dries quickly which prevents the traffic from skidding off the road thus reducing the
accident rate. The height of the camel depends on the material of the road and the intensity of
rain in the area.
The value of camel is from 1 to 25 or from 1 to 50.
7. Right of Way
Right of Right is the total land required for road construction.
Which includes Carriage Way, Foot Path and Future Extension.
The right of way depends on the importance of the road for future expansion.
