DYNAMICS
DYNAMICS is that branch of mechanics which deals FREE-FALLING BODIES (VERTICAL MOTION)
with the motion of bodies under the action of forces.
Dynamics has two distinct parts: KINEMATICS, which SP5. During a test, a rocket travels upward at 75 m/s.
is the study of motion without reference to the forces When it is 40 m from the ground its engine fails. While
which cause motion, and KINETICS, which relates the in motion the rocket is subjected to a constant downward
action of forces on bodies to their resulting motions. acceleration of 9.81 m/s2 due to gravity. Neglect the
effect of air resistance.
RECTILINEAR MOTION
SP1. An automobile starting from rest speeds up to 40
ft/sec with a constant acceleration of 4 ft/s2, runs at this
speed for a time, and finally comes to rest with a
deceleration of 5 ft/s2. If the total distance traveled is
1000 ft, find the total time required. (34 sec)
SP2. Tests reveal that a normal driver takes about 0.75 s
before he or she can react to a situation to avoid a
collision. It takes about 3 s for a driver having 0.1%
alcohol in his system to do the same. Moral: If you must
drink, please do not drive!
If such drivers are traveling on a straight road at 30 mph
and their cars can decelerate at 2 ft/s2,
1. Determine the shortest stopping distance ‘d’ for a
normal driver from the moment they see the pedestrians. 1. Determine the maximum height SB reached by the
2. Determine the shortest stopping distance ‘d’ for a rocket.
driver with 0.1% alcohol in his/her system from the 2. Determine its speed just before it hits the ground.
moment they see the pedestrians.
SP6. A ball is shot vertically upward from the ground
with a velocity of 48.3 ft/sec. One second later another
stone is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 96.6
ft/sec. How far above the ground will the stones be at the
same level? (36.064 ft.)
CURVILINEAR MOTION & FLIGHT OF
SP3. The boat is moving at 10 m/s when its engine is PROJECTILES
shut down. Due to hydrodynamic drag, its subsequent
acceleration is a = −0.05v2 m/s2, where v is the velocity SP7. At any instant the horizontal position of the
of the boat in m/s. What is the boat’s velocity 4 s after weather balloon is defined by x = 8t (in ft.), where t is in
the engine is shut down? (3.33 m/s). What distance does seconds. If the equation of the path is y = x2/10,
the boat move in the 4 seconds following the shutdown determine the magnitude and direction of the velocity
of its engine? (21.97 m) and acceleration when t = 2 sec. (26.8 ft/s, 12.8 ft/s2)
SP4. A particle travels along a straight line with a
velocity v = (12 – 3t^2) m/s, where t is in seconds. When
t = 1 s, the particle is located 10 m to the left of the
origin.
1. Determine the acceleration when t = 4s
2. Determine the displacement from t = 0 to t = 10 s
3. Determine the distance the particle travels during this
period.
Prepared by: Engr. June Arion Malesido |1
DYNAMICS
SP8. A particle which moves in two-dimensional motion
has coordinates given in inches by x = t2 – 4t + 20 and y
= 3sin2t, where the time t is in seconds. Determine the
magnitudes of the velocity, acceleration, and the angle
between these two vectors at time t = 3 sec. (v = 6.10
in/s, a = 3.90 in/s2)
SP9. A long jumper approaches his takeoff board A with
a horizontal velocity of 30 ft/sec. Determine the vertical
component of the velocity of his center of gravity at
takeoff for him to make the jump shown. (11.81 ft/sec)
What is the vertical rise ‘h’ of his center of gravity?
(2.16 ft.) SP13. To anticipate the dip and hump in the road, the
driver of a car applies her brakes to produce a uniform
deceleration. Her speed is 100 kph at the bottom A of the
tip and 50 kph at the top C of the hump, which is 120 m.
along the road from A. If the passengers experience a
total acceleration of 3 m/s^2 at A and if the radius of
curvature of the hump at C is 150 m., calculate the
radius of curvature at A (432 m.), the acceleration at the
inflection point B (2.41 m/s^2), and the total
acceleration at C (2.73 m/s^2).
SP10. A projectile is launched from point A with the
initial conditions shown in the figure. Determine the
slant height ‘s’ which locates the point B of impact.
Calculate the time of flight. (1057 m., 19.5 sec.)
SP11. A projectile is fired with an initial velocity of 320
m/s at an angle of 15° with the horizontal. Find the
position of the projectile at the end of 10 seconds. (x =
3,090.96 m. y = 338 m.) Find the speed and direction of
the motion at the end of 10 seconds. (309.47 m/s)
TANGENTIAL AND NORMAL
COMPONENTS OF ACCELERATION
SP12. A car increases its speed at a constant rate from
64 kph at A to 96 kph at B. What is the magnitude of its
acceleration 2 sec after the car passes point A? (14.3
m/s^2)
Prepared by: Engr. June Arion Malesido |2
DYNAMICS
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
PP1. A motorcycle patrolman starts from rest at A two
seconds after a car. The car is speeding at a constant rate
of 120 kph as it passes point A. If the patrolman
accelerates at the rate of 6 m/s2 until he reaches his
maximum permissible speed of 150 kph, which he
maintains, calculate the distance ‘s’ from point A to the PP5. A ball thrown vertically up with a velocity of 80
point at which he overtakes the car. (912 m.) ft/sec at the edge of a 200-ft cliff. Calculate the height h
to which the ball rises and the total time t after release
for the ball to reach the bottom of the cliff. Neglect air
resistance and take the downward acceleration to be 32.3
ft/sec^2. (99.4 ft., 6.796 sec.)
PP2. A girl rolls a ball up an incline and allows it to
return to her. For the angle θ and ball involved, the
acceleration of the ball along the incline is constant at
0.25g, directed down the incline. If the ball is released
with a speed of 4 m/s, determine the distance ‘s’ it
moves up the incline before reversing its direction and
the total time ‘t’ required for the ball to return to the
child’s hand. (s = 3.26 m., t = 3.26 sec)
PP6. During a test flight in which a helicopter starts
from rest at t = 0 at the origin of the coordinate system
shown and moves in the x-y plane, onboard
accelerometers indicate that its components of
acceleration (in m/s^2) during the interval of time from t
= 0 to t = 10s are:
ax = 0.6t
ay = 1.8 – 0.36t
PP3. A particle moves in accordance with the equation: What is the magnitude of the helicopter’s velocity at t =
s = 32 +24t – 2t3 6s? (11.6 m/s) Determine its position relative to the
where s is in meters, and t in seconds. origin at t= 6s.
How far to the right of the origin does the particle go?
(64 m.) When, if ever, does the particle pass the origin?
(t = 4 seconds)
PP4. The rocket sled starts from rest and accelerates at a
= 30 + 2t m/s^2 until its velocity is 400 m/s. It then hits a
water brake and its acceleration is a = -0.003v2 m/s^2
until its velocity decreases to 100 m/s. What total
distance does the sled travel? (2300 m.) What is the
sled’s total time of travel? (12.5 s) PP7. (CE BOARD MAY 2016) A catapult is placed
100 feet from the castle wall, which is 35 feet high. The
soldier wants the burning bale of hay to clear the top of
the wall and land 50 feet inside the castle wall. If the
initial velocity of the bale is 70 ft/s, at what angle should
Prepared by: Engr. June Arion Malesido |3
DYNAMICS
the bale of hay be launched so that it travels 150 feet and when it is at the highest point of its trajectory? (Vt =
pass over the castle wall. Use g = 32 ft/s2. (50.8°) 15.04 m/s, an = 9.81 m/s2). What is the instantaneous
radius of curvature of the shot’s path when it is at the
PP8. A ball is thrown from the top of one building highest point of its trajectory? (23 m.)
toward a tall building 50 ft away. The initial velocity of What are the velocity and acceleration of the shot in
the ball is 20 ft/s at 40° above the horizontal. How far terms of normal and tangential components at t = 0.3
above or below its original level will the ball strike the sec.? (v = 15.2 m/s; an = 9.67 m/s^2; at = 1.63 m/s^2).
opposite wall? (130 ft below) Determine the instantaneous radius of curvature of the
shot’s path at t = 0.3 sec. (24 m)
PP9. A ball is thrown upward from the top of a 35-m
tower, with initial velocity of 80 m/s at an angle of 25°.
Find the time to reach the ground and the distance ‘R’
from P to the point of impact. Find the magnitude and PP12. A race car driver travelling at a speed of 250 kph
direction of the velocity at impact. (7.8 sec., 566 m., v = on the straightaway applies his brakes at point A and
84.2 m/s) reduces his speed at a uniform rate to 200 kph at point C
in 300 m. Calculate the magnitude of the total
acceleration of the race car at an instant after it passes
point B. (8.42 m/s2)
PP10. It is observed that the skier leaves the ramp A at
an angle = 25° with the horizontal. If he strikes the
ground at B, determine the initial speed (19.4 m/s) and
the time of flight from A to B (4.54 s). Determine the
speed at which he strikes the ground. (40.4 m/s)
PP11. The athlete releases the shot with velocity v = 16
m/s (at t = 0). What are the velocity and acceleration of
the shot in terms of normal and tangential components
Prepared by: Engr. June Arion Malesido |4
