READING AND WRITING (EPISODE 4)

TOPIC: CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY/PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS ESSAY

TEACHER-BROADCASTER: KIT NADADO
SCRIPTWRITER: KIT A. NADADO
PRODUCER: GEROME VALLANGCA

AUDIO Video
DepEd Bumper
Sequence 1 COMPUTER SCREEN: Teacher Kit is on
a videocall discussing an essay. Four
tiles on the right side of the screen show
his students (Kit in various outfits) in
TEACHER KIT: various forms of stress and fatigue.
AND THAT, CLASS, IS HOW YOU
WRITE A COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST ESSAY. ANY
QUESTIONS? (silence)

UH, NOTHING? NOT ONE ITTY BITTY

QUESTION? ARE YOU SURE?

ARE YOU GUYS OKAY? YOU ALL Show screen of a student sleeping (cue
SEEM TIRED AND DISTRACTED. on TIRED)
(pause) Show screen of student staring into space
(cue on DISTRACTED)

OKAY, OKAY. SEE YOU ALL LATER. All other students leave the call. Teacher
Kit is alone in the video call room.

THAT WAS THE THIRD TIME MY

STUDENTS SEEM SO STRESSED OUT
AND DISTRACTED. SOMETHING IS
AMISS! WHAT COULD BE CAUSING
THIS? LET’S SEE IF I CAN FIND OUT. Teacher Kit clicks on the browser. Search
Engine replaces Video Call screen.
Teacher Kit types in “STRESSED AND
TIRED STUDENTS” on search bar.
Search results appears. Teacher Kit
ACADEMIC BURNOUT? LET’S SEE. clicks on the first result “ACADEMIC
BURNOUT COMMON DURING THE
PANDEMIC”. Video of Anchor Kit pops
out.

Sequence 2
ANCHOR KIT: Anchor Kit on a news studio background
THIS JUST IN, WITH CLASSES with news graphics and effects.
STARTING NATIONWIDE, STUDENTS
ALL OVER THE COUNTRY REPORT GFX NEWS WINDOW beside Teacher

1
 EXPERIENCING SEVERE CASES OF Kit labeled ACADEMIC BURNOUT
WHAT LOOKS LIKE ACADEMIC
BURNOUT.

SYMPTOMS INCLUDE PERSISTENT INSERT VIDEOS of Teacher Kit

EXHAUSTION, INSOMNIA, LACK OF reenacting EXHAUSTION, INSOMNIA,
MOTIVATION TO ANSWER MODULES, LACK OF MOTIVATION, ETC.
INABILITY TO FOCUS ON SCHOOL
WORK, AND INCREASED
IRRITABILITY. BACK TO ANCHOR KIT

WHAT COULD BE CAUSING SUCH GFX POPUP TEXT: WHAT COULD BE

AWFUL CONDITIONS FOR OUR POOR CAUSING SUCH AWFUL CONDITIONS
STUDENTS? FOR OUR POOR STUDENTS?

HOW CAN WE SOLVE THIS GFX POPUP TEXT: HOW CAN WE

PROBLEM? SOLVE THIS PROBLEM?

SCENE FADES BUT QUESTIONS

REMAIN

TRANSITION
Sequence 3 Teacher Kit appears on screen
TEACHER KIT
ACADEMIC BURNOUT IS INDEED A
PRESSING PROBLEM COMMON TO
STUDENTS.

THIS DILEMMA ABOUT ACADEMIC

BURNOUT CALLS FOR TWO OF THE
MOST IMPORTANT FORMS OF ESSAY
WRITING AND PARAGRAPH
DEVELOPMENT:
GFX TEXT: CAUSE AND EFFECT
THE CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY, ESSAY
AND THE PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS GFX TEXT: PROBLEM AND
ESSAY. SOLUTIONS ESSAY

CHARGEN: TEACHER KIT A. NADADO

I AM TEACHER KIT, YOUR VIRTUAL
TEACHER AND WELCOME BACK TO
ANOTHER EPISODE OF READING
AND WRITING.
OBB
Sequence 4
EVERYTHING IN THE WORLD IS GFX TEXT: INTERCONNECTED
INTERCONNECTED. THIS MEANS

2
 THAT EVERYTHING HAPPENS AND
EXISTS FOR A REASON. Teacher Kit yawns while talking
WHY DO YOU FEEL SLEEPY?
PERHAPS YOU SLEPT LATE LAST
NIGHT.
GFX IMG POPUP: HEARTS
WHY ARE YOU KINIKILIG? MAYBE Teacher Kit finger hearts
BECAUSE YOU CRUSH GAVE YOUR
FB POST A HEART.
GFX IMG POPUP: WILTING PLANT
YOUR MOM’S FAVORITE PLANT IS
DYING? DID YOU FORGET TO WATER
IT? YOU MIGHT BE IN TROUBLE. GFX TITLE ART CARD: CAUSE AND
EFFECT ESSAY
THIS IS THE SAME PREMISE FOR
TODAY’S ESSAY: THE CAUSE AND Back to Teacher Kit
EFFECT ESSAY.
GFX TEXT: REASONS or CAUSES
CAUSE AND EFFECT EXPLORES THE GFX TEXT: RESULTS or EFFECTS
REASONS OR CAUSES OF A
PHENOMENON THEN EXAMINES ITS
RESULTS OR EFFECTS. GFX FULL SCREEN
Insert detective magnifying glass
THINK OF IT AS BEING A DETECTIVE following a trail of footsteps. Clues are
IN A CRIME SCENE. YOU FIND CLUES found and highlighted along the way (cue
AND EVIDENCES TO HELP YOU on CLUES and EVIDENCES). Magnifying
UNDERSTAND WHAT CAUSED THE glass reach the destination and magnifies
CRIME. THEN, YOU USE THOSE the suspect.
CLUES TO MAKE SENSE OF THE
CRIME AND MAYBE FIND THE Back to Teacher Kit
CULPRIT. PRETTY, COOL RIGHT?

NOW, HOW DO WE START?

Sequence 5
STEP ONE: CHOOSE A TOPIC GFX ART CARD: STEP 1: CHOOSE A
TOPIC
Back to Teacher Kit
THIS STEP IS CRUCIAL. CHOOSE A
TOPIC THAT IS CURRENT, USEFUL GFX TEXT: CURRENT, USEFUL,
AND RELEVANT. IT WOULD BE EVEN RELEVANT
BETTER IF THIS TOPIC DIRECTLY GFX TEXT: DIRECTLY AFFECTS YOU
AFFECTS YOU AS A STUDENT OR A
MEMBER OF YOUR COMMUNITY.

YOU MAY BROWSE THE INTERNET

FOR TRENDING TOPICS, OR WATCH GFX IMG POPUP: CHROME ICON,
THE NEWS, READ NEWS ARTICLES, NEWS REPORTER, NEWSPAPER

3
 OR GO OUT AND OBSERVE YOUR
COMMUNITY.
GFX POPUP IMG: SMELLY TRASH
YOU SAW PEOPLE THROWING THEIR Teacher Kit pinches his nose
TRASH IRRESPONSIBLY, WRITE
ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF IMPROPER
TRASH DISPOSAL.
GFX EFFECT: Water rises up to Teacher
CONSTANT FLOODING IN YOUR Kit’s waist
AREA? WRITE ABOUT THE CAUSES
OF THE FLOODING. PERHAPS, HAVE
YOUR LOCAL OFFICIALS READ YOUR
ESSAY.
GFX TEXT: ACADEMIC BURNOUT
FOR OUR EXAMPLE, OUR TOPIC IS
ACADEMIC BURNOUT, SOMETHING
THAT AFFECTS YOU AS A STUDENT
AND ALSO AFFECTS ME, AS A
TEACHER. GFX ZOOM IN with DRAMATIC MUSIC
INSERT SUBTITLES: Hindi lang kayo
BECAUSE YOU’RE NOT THE ONLY ang marunong mapagod.
ONE WHO GETS TIRED. JUST
KIDDING.
Sequence 6
VO: CHECKPOINT GFX ART CARD
Back to Teacher Kit
ON YOUR PAPER, WRITE DOWN A
TOPIC FOR YOUR CAUSE AND
EFFECT ESSAY. MAKE SURE TO
CHOOSE A CURRENT, USEFUL AND
RELEVANT TOPIC.

HERE ARE SOME SUGGESTIONS: GFX FULL SCREEN LIST (will stay until
the end of sequence)
 ONLINE GAMES  ONLINE GAMES
 MODULAR LEARNING  MODULAR LEARNING
 KARAOKE BAN  KARAOKE BAN
 NOISE POLLUTION  NOISE POLLUTION
 INCREASED GADGET SCREEN  INCREASED GADGET SCREEN
TIME TIME
 PLANTITO AND PLANTITA HOBBY  PLANTITO AND PLANTITA HOBBY

YOU MAY PICK A TOPIC OF YOUR

CHOICE BASED ON YOUR INTEREST,
RESEARCH OR OBSERVATION.

NOW, GO AHEAD AND WRITE DOWN

4
 YOUR TOPIC.
Sequence 7 GFX ART CARD: STEP 2: DECIDE
STEP 2: DECIDE YOUR FOCUS YOUR FOCUS
Back to Teacher Kit
NOW THAT YOU HAVE PICKED A
TOPIC, DECIDE ON WHICH ASPECT
OF THE TOPIC YOU WISH TO FOCUS
ON.

DO YOU WISH TO FOCUS MORE ON GFX TEXT: CAUSE and EFFECT

THE CAUSES OR HIGHLIGHT THE
EFFECTS? THIS DECISION IS PARTLY GFX HIGHLIGHT: CAUSE, EFFECTS (as
UP TO YOU AND PARTLY BASED ON mentioned)
LOGIC.

YOU MAY USE A GRAPHIC GFX INSERT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

ORGANIZER CALLED A SEQUENCE
DIAGRAM TO VISUALIZE CAUSE AND
EFFECT.

FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOUR TOPIC IS GFX INSERT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM (If

ONLINE GAMES, YOU MAY WANT TO possible, text should appear as they are
FOCUS ON ITS EFFECTS ON YOUR mentioned)
HEALTH OR YOUR GRADES.

QUICK STORY. MY MOM WOULD

TOTALLY AGREE. I’M LIKE, MOM, I Teacher Kit holds head as if he has
HAVE A HEADACHE! HA, TOO MUCH headache
TIME SPENT PLAYING ONLINE
GAMES. MOM, MY FEET HURT. TOO
MUCH ONLINE GAMES!

ON THE OTHER HAND, IF YOUR GFX INSERT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

TOPIC IS LOW ACADEMIC (If possible, text should appear as they
PERFORMANCE, YOU MIGHT WANT are mentioned)
TO FOCUS ON ITS PROBABLE
CAUSES LIKE LOW READING
COMPREHENSION OR MAYBE

TOO MUCH ONLINE GAMES!

LET’S GO BACK TO MY TOPIC ZOOM IN suddenly on Teacher Kit

ACADEMIC BURNOUT. SINCE I AM
MORE INTERESTED IN WHAT
GFX INSERT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
CAUSES ACADEMIC BURNOUT, MY

5
 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM WOULD LOOK
SOMETHING LIKE THIS:

Sequence 8
VO: CHECKPOINT GFX ART CARD
Back to Teacher Kit
TAKE A LOOK AT THE TOPIC YOU
WROTE EARLIER. DECIDE WHETHER GFX TEXT: CAUSE and EFFECT
YOU WANT TO FOCUS ON THE GFX HIGHLIGHT: CAUSE, EFFECTS (as
CAUSES OR THE EFFECTS. mentioned)

COMPLETE THE SEQUENCE GFX FULLSCREEN

DIAGRAM. IF YOU WANT TO FOCUS GFX INSERT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
ON THE CAUSES, WRITE YOUR TOPIC
IN THE EFFECT BOX AND CITE AT
LEAST TWO EXAMPLES OF
POTENTIAL CAUSES IN THE CAUSE
BOX.

IF YOU WISH TO FOCUS ON EFFECTS,

WRITE YOUR TOPIC IN THE CAUSE
BOX AND CITE TWO EXAMPLES IN
THE EFFECT BOX. GO!
Sequence 9
STEP THREE: STRUCTURE YOUR GFX ART CARD: STEP 3: STRUCTURE
PARAGRAPHS YOUR PARAGRAPHS
Back to Teacher Kit
THE IRISH PHILOSOPHER EDMUND
BURKE STATED THAT “GOOD ORDER GFX TEXT: “GOOD ORDER IS THE
IS THE FOUNDATION OF ALL FOUNDATION OF ALL THINGS.”
THINGS.” ORGANIZATION IN YOUR - EDMUND BURKE
ESSAY IS IMPORTANT.

TIME TO ORGANIZE YOUR ESSAY.

YOUR CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
WILL FOLLOW WHAT WE CALL THE GFX TEXT: FIVE-PARAGRAPH
FIVE-PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE. STRUCTURE
TO DEMONSTRATE, LET US MAKE AN
OUTLINE TO STRUCTURE OUR
GFX INSERT OUTLINE (appear as
PARAGRAPHS.
mentioned)
CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
I. INTRODUCTION
THE FIRST PARAGRAPH IS YOUR a. HOOK
INTRODUCTION. THE INTRODUCTION b. CONTEXT/BACKGROUND
INCLUDES THE HOOK, THE CONTEXT c. THESIS STATEMENT

6
 OR BACKGROUND OF YOUR TOPIC,
FOLLOWED BY, OF COURSE, YOUR GFX TEXT HOOK
THESIS STATEMENT.

THE HOOK IS WHERE YOU’LL PULL

YOUR READERS INTO READING GFX IMG POPUP FISH swimming
YOUR ESSAY. around Teacher Kit. A big fish starts biting
into the text HOOK
THINK OF YOUR READERS AS FISH.
THE INTRODUCTION IS THEIR FIRST
BITE INTO YOUR ESSAY. Big fish gets hooked and dragged out of
the screen
IT SHOULD BE INTERESTING
ENOUGH THAT ONCE THEY START
READING, THEY WILL GET HOOKED
INTO READING THE ENTIRE ESSAY.

HOOK THEM WITH AN INTRIGUING GFX LIST:

QUESTION, A STATISTIC, OR MAYBE - INTRIGUING QUESTION
A SHOCKING STATEMENT, OR EVEN - STATISTIC
A STORY OR DESCRIPTION. - SHOCKING STATEMENT
- STORY
- DESCRIPTION
AFTER YOUR HOOK, GIVE SOME
CONTEXT OR BACKGROUND ABOUT GFX TEXT: CONTEXT OR
THE TOPIC. YOU MAY DEFINE YOUR BACKGROUND
TOPIC, INTRODUCE FACTS, GFX LIST:
STATISTICS OR REASONS WHY THIS - DEFINE THE TOPIC
TOPIC IS RELEVANT OR IMPORTANT. - FACTS
- STATISTICS
- REASONS WHY THE TOPIC IS
THEN, FINISH YOUR INTRODUCTION RELEVANT
WITH A STRONG THESIS STATEMENT
THAT PRESENTS THE ARGUMENT GFX TEXT: THESIS STATEMENT
FOR YOUR ESSAY.

Sequence 10 Back to Teacher Kit

LET US NOW MOVE ON TO OUR
BODY PARAGRAPHS GFX INSERT OUTLINE (appear as
mentioned)
THE SECOND, THIRD AND FOURTH CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
PARAGRAPHS ARE YOUR BODY I. INTRODUCTION
PARAGRAPHS. THEIR STRUCTURE a. HOOK
DEPENDS ON YOUR FOCUS. b. CONTEXT/BACKGROUND
c. THESIS STATEMENT

7
 II. BODY PARAGRAPH I
III. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
IV. BODY PARAGRAPH 3
IF YOU FOCUS ON CAUSES, YOUR
BODY PARAGRAPHS WILL FOLLOW GFX TEXT: FOCUSED ON CAUSES
THE “CAUSE-CAUSE-EFFECT” - CAUSE-CAUSE-EFFECT
FORMAT. MEANING, YOU’LL HAVE
YOUR SECOND AND THIRD
PARAGRAPHS DISCUSSING CAUSES,
AND YOUR FOURTH PARAGRAPH
DISCUSSING EFFECTS.

IF YOU FOCUS ON EFFECTS, YOU’LL GFX TEXT: FOCUSED ON EFFECTS

FOLLOW THE CAUSE-EFFECT- - CAUSE-EFFECT-EFFECT
EFFECT FORMAT WHERE YOU’LL
DISCUSS CAUSES IN THE SECOND
PARAGRAPH AND EFFECTS IN THE
THIRD AND FOURTH PARAGRAPHS.

FOR MY TOPIC ACADEMIC BURNOUT, GFX TEXT: FOCUSED ON CAUSES

I’LL FOCUS MORE ON CAUSES. - CAUSE-CAUSE-EFFECT
THEREFORE, I’LL USE THE CAUSE-
CAUSE-EFFECT FORMAT. GFX INSERT OUTLINE
CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
MY SECOND PARAGRAPH WILL BE I. INTRODUCTION
ABOUT MY FIRST “CAUSE” OF a. HOOK
BURNOUT WHICH IS PERSONAL b. CONTEXT/BACKGROUND
ISSUES c. THESIS STATEMENT
II. PERSONAL ISSUES
III. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
IV. BODY PARAGRAPH 3

WHICH BY THE WAY CAN BE FAMILY GFX TEXT WITH IMG: FAMILY
PROBLEMS, PROBLEMS (house),
GFX TEXT: MONEY PROBLEMS
MONEY PROBLEMS, (Teacher Kit could show empty wallet or
pocket)
GFX TEXT: INEFFECTIVE TIME
INEFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT, MANAGEMENT (Teacher Kit points at
AND EVEN watch)
GFX IMG POPUP BREAKING HEAR on
RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS. Teacher Kit’s chest
Transition

Sequence 11 Back to Teacher Kit

GFX INSERT OUTLINE

8
 MY THIRD PARAGRAPH WILL BE THE CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
SECOND “CAUSE” OF ACADEMIC I. INTRODUCTION
BURNOUT, a. HOOK
b. CONTEXT/BACKGROUND
c. THESIS STATEMENT
II. PERSONAL ISSUES
III. ASSIGNMENT OVERLOAD
IV. BODY PARAGRAPH 3
ASSIGNMENT OVERLOAD! GFX EFFECT Books and papers pile
WHEW! I THINK YOU CAN RELATE? Teacher Kit and fills screen
MY FOURTH PARAGRAPH WILL BE GFX INSERT OUTLINE
THE PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
EFFECTS OF ACADEMIC BURNOUT I. INTRODUCTION
ON STUDENTS, WHICH I HAVE a. HOOK
OBSERVED FROM MY STUDENTS b. CONTEXT/BACKGROUND
EARLIER. c. THESIS STATEMENT
II. PERSONAL ISSUES
III. ASSIGNMENT OVERLOAD
HERE IS OUR OUTLINE SO FAR IV. PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL
(pause) EFFECTS

THESE CAUSES AND EFFECTS ARE

FROM RELIABLE ACADEMIC GFX TEXT: RELIABLE ACADEMIC
SOURCES I COLLECTED FROM THE SOURCES
INTERNET, AS WELL AS PERSONAL
GFX TEXT: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
EXPERIENCES AND OBSERVATIONS,
AND OBSERVATIONS
STILL SUPPORTED BY CREDIBLE
SOURCES.

JUST REMEMBER TO CITE YOUR GFX TEXT: REMEMBER: CITE YOUR

SOURCES PROPERLY TO AVOID SOURCES PROPERLY
PLAGIARISM.
Sequence 12 Back to Teacher Kit
LET’S LOOK AT A SAMPLE
CONSTRUCTION OF A BODY
PARAGRAPH.

A TYPICAL CAUSE AND EFFECT GFX TEXT:

PARAGRAPH WOULD HAVE THE BODY PARAGRAPH
FOLLOWING PARTS: FIRST, TOPIC - TOPIC SENTENCE
SENTENCE, WHICH SHOULD - SUPPORTING SENTENCES
CONTAIN YOUR MAIN ARGUMENT o DEFINITIONS
FOR THAT PARAGRAPH. o FACTS
o STATISTICS
FOLLOWED BY SUPPORTING o EXAMPLES
9
 SENTENCES LIKE DEFINITIONS,
FACTS, STATISTICS, AND EXAMPLES.

HERE IS AN EXAMPLE. MY THIRD

PARAGRAPH IS A CAUSE
PARAGRAPH THAT FOCUSES ON
ASSIGNMENT OVERLOAD AS ITS
MAIN CAUSE.
ANOTHER CAUSE OF ACADEMIC
MY TOPIC SENTENCE WOULD LOOK BURNOUT IS ASSIGNMENT
SOMETHING LIKE THIS: ANOTHER OVERLOAD. ASSIGNMENT
CAUSE OF ACADEMIC BURNOUT IS OVERLOAD REFERS TO AN
ASSIGNMENT OVERLOAD. INCREASE ON SCHOOLWORK AND
REQUIREMENTS BEYOND A
I WOULD THEN FOLLOW THIS WITH A
STUDENT’S ABILITY TO HANDLE. IT
DEFINITION THEN A QUOTE FROM AN
IS REPORTEDLY THE MOST COMMON
ONLINE SOURCE. THEN, A FEW
CAUSE OF ACADEMIC BURNOUT
EXPLANATIONS AND EXAMPLES.
STATING “OVERBEARING,
THERE YOU GO. OVERTAXING COURSE LOAD” AS
THE MAIN CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM
(VAIANA,2020). IN ADDITION, SUDDEN
DEADLINES PUT EXTRA PRESSURE
ON STUDENTS AS THEY ARE
FORCED TO STUDY NONSTOP TO
FINISH REQUIREMENTS ON TIME.
Sequence 13 Back to Teacher Kit
OUR FIFTH AND FINAL PARAGRAPH
IS YOUR CONCLUSION. GFX TEXT: CONCLUSION

AS VISIONARY MAN GARY RYAN GFX TEXT: “MANY WILL START FAST,
BLAIR STATES, “MANY WILL START FEW WILL FINISH STRONG.”
FAST, FEW WILL FINISH STRONG.” -GARY RYAN BLAIR
AS IMPORTANT AS STARTING YOUR
ESSAY WITH A STRONG
INTRODUCTION, SO IS FINISHING
YOUR ESSAY WITH AN EQUALLY
STRONG CONCLUSION. GFX TEXT: STRONG CONCLUSION

YOUR CONCLUSION SHOULD SEAL

GFX TEXT: CONVINCING AND
YOUR ARGUMENT IN A CONVINCING
PERSUASIVE
AND PERSUASIVE MANNER.
GFX INSERT OUTLINE
YOUR CONCLUSION SHOULD START
CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
WITH A RESTATEMENT OF YOUR
I. INTRODUCTION
THESIS STATEMENT, FOLLOWED BY
a. HOOK
A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE POINTS
b. CONTEXT/BACKGROUND

10
 YOU DISCUSSED IN YOUR BODY c. THESIS STATEMENT
PARAGRAPHS. II. BODY PARAGRAPH I
III. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
THEN, FINISH WITH A CLINCHER OR IV. BODY PARAGRAPH 3
AN IMPACTFUL OR PROVOCATIVE V. CONCLUSION
STATEMENT THAT THE READER CAN a. RESTATE THESIS
THINK ABOUT. b. BRIEF SUMMARY
c. CLINCHER
END ON A POSITIVE NOTE. GIVE
YOUR READER A SENSE OF
CLOSURE OR COMPLETENESS.
MAKE THEM GLAD THEY READ YOUR
ESSAY.

Sequence 14
STEP FOUR: USE TRANSITION GFX ART CARD: STEP 4: USE
DEVICES TRANSITION DEVICES
Back to Teacher Kit
TRANSITION DEVICES OR SIMPLY GFX TEXT: TRANSITION DEVICES –
TRANSITIONS, ARE WORDS OR WORDS OR PHRASES THAT SIGNAL
PHRASES THAT SIGNAL RELATIONSHIP AND CONTINUITY
RELATIONSHIP AND CONTINUITY
WITHIN YOUR PARAGRAPHS AND
THROUGHOUT YOUR ESSAY.
GFX FULLSCREEN
THINK OF THEM AS BRIDGES GFX IMG: A man walking on a bridge.
BETWEEN IDEAS OR PARAGRAPHS. Bridge disappears when “WITHOUT
WITHOUT THEM, YOU’LL MOST THEM” is mentioned and man falls into
LIKELY DROWN - IN CONFUSION. the water
HERE ARE THE SOME OF THE MOST
COMMON TRANSITIONS FOR CAUSE Back to Teacher Kit
AND EFECT.
FOR CAUSE PARAGRAPHS, THE GFX TEXT on Teacher Kit’s side (will
MOST COMMON TRANSITIONS ARE point at them):
THE FOLLOWING: TRANSITIONS THAT SHOW CAUSE
- AS A CONSEQUENCE OF - AS A CONSEQUENCE OF
- AS A RESULT OF - AS A RESULT OF
- BECAUSE OF - BECAUSE OF
- NOW THAT - NOW THAT
- SINCE - SINCE

GFX TEXT on Teacher Kit’s other side

FOR EFFECTS, USE THESE (will point at them):
TRANSITIONS: TRANSITIONS THAT SHOW EFFECT
- ACCORDINGLY - ACCORDINGLY
- CONSEQUENTLY - CONSEQUENTLY
- HENCE - HENCE

11
 - SO - SO
- THEREFORE, AND - THEREFORE
- RESULTED TO - AND RESULTED TO
Sequence 15
VO: CHECKPOINT GFX ART CARD: CHECKPOINT
GFX FULLSCREEN
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING GFX TEXT:
SENTENCES WITH APPROPRIATE INSTRUCTIONS: COMPLETE THE
TRANSITIONS TO SHOW CAUSE OR FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH
EFFECT. APPROPRIATE TRANSITIONS TO
SHOW CAUSE OR EFFECT.

EXAMPLES OF TRANSITIONS ARE INSERT Transitions that show Cause and

PROVIDED FOR YOUR Transitions that Show Effect at the bottom
CONVENIENCE. of the screen (see previous sequence)

GFX TEXT:
NUMBER ONE. BLANK, THE 1. _______ the continuous rain, the
CONTINUOUS RAIN, THE STREETS streets were flooded.
WERE FLOODED. 2. The flood was waist deep in the
city. _________, shops and stores
NUMBER TWO. THE FLOOD WAS were closed.
WAIST DEEP IN THE CITY. BLANK, 3. _________, the closing of shops
SHOPS AND STORES WERE CLOSED. and stores, employees weren’t
paid their daily wages.
NUMBER THREE. BLANK, THE
CLOSING OF SHOPS AND STORES,
EMPLOYEES WEREN’T PAID THEIR
DAILY WAGES.

Sequence 16 Back to Teacher Kit

WE NOW HAVE EVERYTHING WE
NEED TO WRITE OUR CAUSE AND
EFFECT ESSAY.

MAKE SURE TO FOLLOW THE STEPS

WE LEARNED TODAY:
GFX LIST:
CHOOSE A TOPIC THAT IS CURRENT, CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY
USEFUL AND RELEVANT. DECIDE ON 1. CHOOSE A TOPIC
WHETHER TO FOCUS MORE ON 2. DECIDE ON A FOCUS
CAUSES OR EFFECTS. 3. STRUCTURE YOUR
STRUCTURE YOUR PARAGRAPHS PARAGRAPHS
APPROPRIATELY. LASTLY, USE 4. USE TRANSITIONS
TRANSITIONS FOR CONTINUITY.

12
 NOW, I HAVE TO GET BACK TO MY
STUDENTS.
Sequence17 Teacher Kit back on the videocall room
with the same students.
HEY GUYS! I GOT IT. I KNOW WHY
YOU’RE FEELING EXHAUSTED,
DISTRACTED AND UNMOTIVATED.
YOU ARE ALL EXPERIENCING A student will look shocked. Another will
ACADEMIC BURNOUT. look bewildered. Mixed reactions.

YOU MAY BE FEELING

OVERWHELMED WITH THE AMOUNT Students nod their heads in agreement.
OF SCHOOLWORK YOU HAVE TO
FINISH ON TIME. ALSO, YOU MAY
HAVE OTHER PERSONAL ISSUES
THAT ARE BOTHERING YOU.

STUDENT A: SHOW STUDENT A’S SCREEN

TEACHER, IF WHAT YOU SAY IS (Could be Teacher Kit or anyone else)
TRUE, WHAT SHOULD WE DO?
Back to Teacher Kit’s Screen
TEACHER KIT:
HMMM. WELL, NOW THAT WE HAVE
IDENTIFIED THE CAUSES AND
EFFECTS OF ACADEMIC BURNOUT,
WE MAY PROCEED IN FINDING OUT A
SOLUTION TO CURE OR PREVENT IT.
I FEEL BAD SEEING ALL OF YOU
STRESSED OUT AND TIRED ALL THE
TIME.
WAIT A MINUTE! I THINK I JUST HAVE
THE THING. WHAT WE NEED IS AN
ESSAY THAT FOCUSES ON
UNDERSTANDING A PROBLEM AND
PROPOSES SOLUTIONS TO SOLVE
THAT PROBLEM GFX TITLE ART CARD: PROBLEM AND
SOLUTION ESSAY
THE PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
ESSAY
Sequence 18 Back to Teacher Kit

THE PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

ESSAY CONSIDERS A PROBLEM OR GFX TEXT: PROBLEM
ISSUE THEN PRESENTS SOLUTIONS GFX TEXT: SOLUTIONS
TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OR
IMPROVE THE SITUATION.

13
 THIS ESSAY DOES NOT MERELY
DESCRIBE THE PROBLEM, BECAUSE
WELL, THAT’S JUST COMPLAINING. GFX: COMPLAINING (in an ugly font)

REMEMBER THIS, JUST Zoom in to Teacher Kit

COMPLAINING IS NEVER GFX: JUST COMPLAINING IS NEVER
PRODUCTIVE. PRODUCTIVE

Zoom out to normal

THIS PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
ESSAY ENCOURAGES ACTION. GFX TEXT: ACTION (sfx amplify voice)
MEANING, BY THE TIME YOUR
READER FINISHES YOUR ESSAY,
THEY’D BE PUMPED AND INSPIRED
TO TAKE ACTION AND APPLY THE
SOLUTIONS YOU PRESENTED. Zoom in to Teacher Kit
GFX TEXT: BE PART OF THE ACTION
SO, RATHER THAN JUST
GFX TEXT: BE PART OF THE
COMPLAINING, BE A PART OF THE
SOLUTION (Action will turn into Solution)
ACTION, WHICH IS A REQUIREMENT
IF WE WANT TO BE PART OF THE
SOLUTION.
GFX TEXT: ACT AND NOT ACTED
WE MUST ACT AND NOT JUST GET UPON
ACTED UPON.

LET’S GET STARTED WITH THE

STEPS IN WRITING A PROBLEM ANS
SOLUTION ESSAY.
Sequence 19
STEP ONE: CHOOSE A PROBLEM TITLE ART CARD: STEP 1: CHOOSE A
PROBLEM
Back to Teacher Kit
CHOOSE A PROBLEM THAT IS GFX TEXT: CURRENT, USEFUL,
CURRENT, USEFUL WHEN SOLVED, RELEVANT
AND RELEVANT TO YOU. SOUNDS
FAMILIAR, RIGHT?

I WOULD HIGHLY SUGGEST USING

THE TOPIC YOU USED FROM YOUR
CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY,
ESPECIALLY IF THE TOPIC IS A
PROBLEM THAT DIRECTLY AFFECTS GFX TEXT: DIRECTLY AFFECTS YOU
YOU OR YOUR COMMUNITY.

THE ADVANTAGE IS THAT YOU GFX TEXT: FAIR UNDERSTANDING

WOULD ALREADY HAVE A FAIR

14
 UNDERSTANDING OF THE CAUSES
AND EFFECTS OF THE ISSUE. DOING
SO WILL ALLOW YOU TO
EFFECTIVELY EXPLAIN THE
PROBLEM TO YOUR AUDIENCE.

FOR OUR EXAMPLE, THE PROBLEM

GFX TEXT: ACADEMIC BURNOUT
IS THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF
ACADEMIC BURNOUT AMONG
STUDENTS.

IT IS A CURRENT PROBLEM,
ESPECIALLY USEFUL WHEN SOLVED,
AND RELEVANT TO YOU AND ME.
Sequence 20
VO: CHECKPOINT GFX ART CARD: CHECKPOINT

GFX FULLSCREEN LIST

HERE ARE SOME TRENDING  VIDEOGAME ADDICTION
PROBLEMS YOU MAY USE FOR YOUR  GADGET DEPENDENCY
ESSAY. YOU MAY DO SOME  THE LACK OF FACE-TO-FACE
RESEARCH OR OBSERVE YOUR INTERACTION AMONG
COMMUNITY AND COME UP WITH TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
YOUR OWN.  SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION
 PEOPLE NOT WEARING MASKS
 VIDEOGAME ADDICTION  SLEEPING DISORDERS
 GADGET DEPENDENCY
 THE LACK OF FACE-TO-FACE
INTERACTION AMONG
TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
 SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION
 PEOPLE NOT WEARING MASKS
 SLEEPING DISORDERS

CHOOSE ONE AND WRITE IT DOWN

ON YOUR PAPER. GO!
Sequence 21
STEP TWO: IDENTIFY SOLUTIONS GFX ART CARD: STEP 2: IDENTIFY
SOLUTIONS

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IN IDENTIFYING SOLUTIONS, LOOK GFX LIST:
FOR SOLUTIONS THAT ARE - EASILY - EASILY IMPLEMENTED
IMPLEMENTED, PRACTICAL, - PRACTICAL
FEASIBLE, AND COST-EFFECTIVE - FEASIBLE
- COST-EFFECTIVE

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 EASILY IMPLEMENTED. THIS MEANS GFX TEXT BOLD: EASILY
THAT THE SOLUTIONS YOU WILL IMPLEMENTED
PROPOSE CAN BE APPLIED GFX TEXT: APPLIED IMMEDIATELY
IMMEDIATELY AND EASILY. THINK OF AND EASILY
SOLUTIONS THAT THE READER CAN
START DOING RIGHT AFTER THEY
READ YOUR ESSAY.

PRACTICAL. PRACTICAL MEANS GFX TEXT BOLD: PRACTICAL

THAT THE SOLUTION YOU WILL
PROPOSE IS USEFUL AND CAN BE GFX TEXT: USEFUL AND CAN BE
APPLIED TO REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS APPLIED TO REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS

FEASIBLE. FEASIBLE MEANS GFX TEXT BOLD: FEASIBLE

POSSIBLE TO DO CONVENIENTLY.
MEANING, YOUR SOLUTIONS
GFX TEXT: REALISTIC
SHOULD BE REALISTIC. AVOID
SOLUTIONS THAT ARE IMPOSSIBLE
OR TOO AMBITIOUS.
GFX TEXT BOLD: COST-EFFECTIVE
COST-EFFECTIVE. SOLUTIONS GFX TEXT: AFFORDABLE
SHOULD BE AFFORDABLE WITH
LITTLE TO NO COST.
GFX IMG: PERSON WITH HEADACHE
FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOUR PROBLEM IS
HAVING FREQUENT HEADACHES
GFX IMG: GLASS OF WATER, PERSON
DRINKING A GLASS OF WATER, OR SLEEPING, VIDEO GAME
SLEEPING EARLIER TONIGHT, OR CONTROLLER WITH AN X OVER IT.
MAYBE TAKING A BREAK FROM (Will reenact if we have time)
ONLINE GAMES ARE SOLUTIONS
THAT ARE EASILY IMPLEMENTED,
PRACTICAL, FEASIBLE, AND COST
EFFECTIVE.
Sequence 22
STEP THREE: STRUCTURE YOUR GFX ART TITLE: STEP 3: STRUCTURE
PARAGRAPHS YOUR PARAGRAPHS
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A PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ESSAY
FOLLOWS THE SAME FIVE-
PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE WE USED GFX TEXT: FIVE-PARAGRAPH
IN OUR CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY. STRUCTURE

WE’LL JUST HAVE TO CHANGE IT A

BIT.

LET’S CREATE AN OUTLINE TO GFX INSERT OUTLINE AT TEACHER

16
 VISUALIZE THIS. KIT’S SIDE (text appear as they are
mentioned. Outline will stay until the end
of the sequence)

THE FIRST PARAGRAPH, AS USUAL, PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ESSAY

IS YOUR INTRODUCTION. YOU’LL I. INTRODUCTION
HAVE YOUR HOOK, FOLLOWED BY a. HOOK
THE CONTEXT OR BACKGROUND, b. CONTEXT/BACKGROUND
THEN YOUR THESIS STATEMENT. c. THESIS STATEMENT

YOUR BODY PARAGRAPHS, WHICH

ARE YOUR SECOND, THIRD, AND
FOURTH PARAGRAPHS, WILL
FOLLOW WHAT WE CALL THE GFX TEXT: PROBLEM – SOLUTION-
PROBLEM-SOLUTION-SOLUTION SOLUTION FORMAT (positioned on
FORMAT. opposite side of the outline)

THIS MEANS THAT YOUR SECOND GFX OUTLINE (continue outline from
PARAGRAPH WILL ESTABLISH YOUR above. Appear as mentioned)
PROBLEM. II. ESTABLISH THE PROBLEM
III. SOLUTIONS
THEN, YOUR THIRD AND FOURTH IV. SOLUTIONS
PARAGRAPHS WILL PRESENT THE V. CONCLUSION
SOLUTIONS TO YOUR PROBLEM.
THEN, FINISH STRONG WITH A
CONVINCING FIFTH PARAGRAPH,
WHICH IS YOUR CONCLUSION. Transition
Sequence 23 Back to Teacher Kit
IN WRITING YOUR SECOND
PARAGRAPH, REMEMBER THAT
YOUR GOAL IS TO ESTABLISH YOUR GFX TEXT: GOAL: ESTABLISH THE
PROBLEM AS A VALID AND PROBLEM AS VALID AND RELEVANT
RELEVANT ISSUE THAT NEEDS
ATTENTION.

TO MAKE YOUR READERS CARE

ABOUT THE PROBLEM, HERE ARE
SOME SUGGESTIONS:
GFX TITLE TEXT: KNOW YOUR
FIRST, KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE. AUDIENCE
GFX TEXT:
ASK YOURSELF, WHO ARE MY
- WHO ARE MY READERS?
READERS? HOW DOES THE
- HOW DOES THE PROBLEM I
PROBLEM I CHOSE AFFECT THEM?
CHOSE AFFECT THEM?
THE MORE YOUR READERS ARE

17
 AFFECTED BY THE PROBLEM, THE
MORE LIKELY THEY WOULD CARE.

THE MORE THEY WOULD CARE, THE

MORE THEY ARE LIKELY TO BE PART
OF THE SOLUTION.
GFX TITLE TEXT: SIMPLIFY YOUR
SECOND, SIMPLIFY YOUR LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN
TECHNICAL TERMS. EXPLAIN THE
GFX TEXT: CLEAR AND SIMPLE
PROBLEM IN A LANGUAGE THAT IS
CLEAR AND SIMPLE SO THAT YOUR
AUDIENCE WILL COMPLETELY
UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM. GFX TITLE TEXT: INTRODUCE CAUSE
AND EFFECT
THIRD, INTRODUCE CAUSE AND
EFFECT. YOU MAY DESCRIBE,
BRIEFLY, THE CAUSES AND THE
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE GFX TEXT: NARRATIVES AND
PROBLEM. YOU MAY USE PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
NARRATIVES OR PERSONAL
EXPERIENCES TO BUILD ON THE
RELEVANCE OF THE PROBLEM. GFX TITLE TEXT: USE CREDIBLE
SOURCES TO SUPPORT YOUR
FOURTH, USE CREDIBLE SOURCES CLAIMS
TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS.
GFX TEXT:
 FACTS
USE FACTS, STATISTICS, QUOTES,  STATISTICS
AND OTHER INFORMATION FROM  QUOTES
TRUSTED WEBSITES OR JOURNALS.  OTHER INFORMATION
DON’T FORGET TO CITE PROPERLY.

Sequence 24
IN YOUR THIRD AND FOURTH
PARAGRAPHS, YOU WILL BE
PRESENTING YOUR SOLUTIONS. GFX TEXT: SOLUTIONS

HERE ARE TWO OF THE MANY WAYS

TO PRESENT SOLUTIONS.

FIRST, INTRODUCE PREVENTIVE GFX TITLE: INTRODUCE PREVENTIVE

MEASURES. PRESENT WAYS TO MEASURES
PREVENT A PROBLEM FROM
OCCURRING.
GFX IMAGE: SMELLY TRASH
HAVING GARBAGE PROBLEMS? INSERT TRASHCANS THEN

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 PERHAPS MORE TRASHCANS OR A DUMPTRUCK
GARBAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM MAY
PREVENT IT.
GFX TITLE: GIVE A SERIES OF
SECOND, GIVE A SERIES OF SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS. SUGGEST THE EASIEST
AND MOST OBVIOUS SOLUTIONS GFX TEXT: PLAN A, PLAN B, PLAN C
FOR THE PROBLEM. THEN SUGGEST
A PLAN A, PLAN B OR PLAN C IN
CASE IT DOESN’T WORK.

INCLUDE SOLUTIONS THAT WORKED

GFX TEXT: EXPERIENCE
FOR YOU OR FOR OTHER PEOPLE.
YOUR EXPERIENCE MIGHT JUST BE
THE BEST POSSIBLE SOLUTION.
Sequence 25 Back to Teacher Kit
SPEAKING OF SOLUTIONS, LET US
TALK ABOUT ACADEMIC BURNOUT GFX TEXT: ACADEMIC BURNOUT
FOR A BIT.

THE QUICKEST WAY TO EASE

ACADEMIC BURNOUT IS TO TAKE A GFX TEXT: TAKE A BREAK
BREAK. LEAVE THAT MODULE, GO GFX LIST WITH IMAGES if possible:
OUTSIDE, TAKE A WALK, HAVE A - GO OUTSIDE
SNACK, TAKE A NAP, OR DO - TAKE A WALK
SOMETHING YOU LOVE DOING. I - HAVE A SNACK
ASSURE YOU, YOU’LL COME BACK - TAKE A NAP
MORE ENERGIZED. - DO SOMETHING YOU LOVE
DOING

ANOTHER SOLUTION IS TO SET GFX TEXT: SET REASONABLE GOALS

REASONABLE GOALS. DIVIDE YOUR GFX TEXT with IMAGES If possible:
WORK THROUGHOUT THE WEEK IN - DIVIDE YOUR WORK IN
MANAGEABLE BITES. SET A DAILY MANAGEABLE BITES
SCHEDULE FOR SCHOOLWORK WITH - SET A DAILY SCHEDULE
BREAKS AND REWARDS IN - STICK TO YOUR SCHEDULE
BETWEEN. STICK TO YOUR - AVOID PROCRASTINATION
SCHEDULE TO AVOID
PROCRASTINATION.

PERHAPS, THE MOST IMPORTANT

SOLUTION YOU NEED TO APPLY IS -
GFX TEXT: TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF
TO TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF.
GFX TEXT: DON’T RUN FASTER THAN
REMEMBER, DON’T RUN FASTER
YOU HAVE STRENGTH
THAN YOU HAVE STRENGTH.
IF IT GETS REALLY TOUGH, DON’T BE

19
 SCARED TO ASK FOR HELP. WE ALL
WANT YOU TO SUCCEED. YOU CAN
DO IT!

NOW, BACK TO OUR ESSAY.

Sequence 26
DON’T FORGET TO FINISH YOUR
ESSAY WITH AN EQUALLY STRONG
FIFTH PARAGRAPH, WHICH IS YOUR
CONCLUSION.
GFX TEXT: CONCLUSION
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ESSAY
I. INTRODUCTION
a. HOOK
b. CONTEXT/BACKGROUND
c. THESIS STATEMENT
YOUR CONCLUSION WOULD II. ESTABLISH THE PROBLEM
INCLUDE A RESTATEMENT OF YOUR III. SOLUTIONS
THESIS. A SUMMARY OF THE POINTS IV. SOLUTIONS
YOU DISCUSSED IN YOUR V. CONCLUSION
PARAGRAPHS, AND LASTLY, END a. RESTATE THESIS
WITH A CALL FOR ACTION b. SUMMARY
A CALL FOR ACTION IS LIKE A WAR c. CALL FOR ACTION
CRY TO RALLY WARRIORS OF THE GFX TEXT: CALL FOR ACTION
SAME CAUSE TO ACT. AMPLIFY VOICE ON WAR CRY

FOR OUR READER, IT IS AN

INVITATION TO ACT ON THE
SOLUTIONS YOUR PRESENTED.
REMEMBER, FINISH STRONG! Transition
Sequence 27
TODAY WE LEARNED THE STEPS ON
HOW TO GET STARTED WITH THE
CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY, AS
WELL AS THE PROBLEM AND
SOLUTION ESSAY.
GFX TEXT: POWERFUL TOOLS
THESE ESSAYS ARE POWERFUL
TOOLS IN UNDERSTANDING THE
REASONS AND RESULTS OF
IMPORTANT ISSUES IN OUR
COMMUNITIES.
GFX TEXT: PROBLEMS AND
THEY DEFINE THE PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES WE FACE AND
PROVIDE POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO
HELP IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF

20
 OUR LIVES.

WELL, THAT’S IT FOR TODAY. I HAVE

TO GO BACK TO MY CLASS AND
TELL THEM THE SOLUTION FOR
THEIR ACADEMIC BURNOUT.
CHARGEN: TEACHER KIT A. NADADO
THIS IS TEACHER KIT. REMEMBER
THAT EVERYTHING HAPPENS FOR A
REASON AND THAT EVERY
PROBLEM HAS A SOLUTION.

KEEP READING, BECAUSE A READER

IS A LEADER. KEEP WRITING, AND
YOU CAN CHANGE THE WORLD.

KEEP BEING AWESOME AND TUNE IN

NEXT TIME TO READING AND
WRITING.
CBB

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