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BusBar Protection

The document discusses busbar protection in electrical substations. It describes the principles of busbar protection, which uses Kirchoff's law and differential current measurements to detect faults. Two main types of protection schemes are high-impedance and low-impedance differential protection. Low-impedance schemes have fewer requirements on current transformers and can internally supervise circuit breaker positions. Busbar protection systems can be centralized or distributed, and include main and check zones to provide selective and non-selective protection of the busbar.

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Anandkumar S. Farkase
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118 views20 pages

BusBar Protection

The document discusses busbar protection in electrical substations. It describes the principles of busbar protection, which uses Kirchoff's law and differential current measurements to detect faults. Two main types of protection schemes are high-impedance and low-impedance differential protection. Low-impedance schemes have fewer requirements on current transformers and can internally supervise circuit breaker positions. Busbar protection systems can be centralized or distributed, and include main and check zones to provide selective and non-selective protection of the busbar.

Uploaded by

Anandkumar S. Farkase
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUSBAR PROTECTION

By,
S B Mulange, DyEE
MSETCL.
BUSBAR PROTECTION

BusBar in a Station;
➢ A Critical Element.

➢ Faults are rarely of transient nature.


BUSBAR PROTECTION

BusBar Protection Operation Principle;

Kirchoff ’s law; i.e the summation of currents at any


given point/node is zero.
➢ At given point ∑I =0
BUSBAR PROTECTION:

at the given node;

i3+i4=i1+i2

i1+i2−i3−i4=0
BUSBAR PROTECTION

Busbar as a Node
BUSBAR PROTECTION

. Two different types of busbar protection schemes


are most known and in use:

➢ High-impedance differential protection.

➢ Low-impedance differential protection.


BUSBAR PROTECTION

High-impedance differential protection


BUSBAR PROTECTION

CURRENT TRANSFORMER CLASS:


➢ TPS Class X or TPX

➢ TPS Class Y or TPY

➢ TPS Class Z or TPZ


BUSBAR PROTECTION

Low-impedance differential protection


BUSBAR PROTECTION
-High-impedance differential protection:

.➢ Special current transformer (CT) requirements.


➢Additional high voltage device protection.
➢ Demanding maintenance.

1.1.The requirements on the CT used for high-


impedance protection:

➢ Must have identical turns-ratio (CT ratio)


➢ Low resistance of the secondary windings (at 75°C)
➢ Minimum knee-point voltage of 300-500V
➢ Low magnetizing current ( few milliamps)
➢ Separate CT Cores Required for Main & Check Zone
BUSBAR PROTECTION
Low-impedance differential protection.
Main Features;
.
➢ Low requirements on CT cores
➢ CT ratio can be different for each feeder in large range
➢ CT core can be shared with other protection relays
➢ Secondary current circuits are not switched, i.e. danger
to stay open circuited is no more relevant
➢ The CT wiring is supervised internally by differential
current measurement
➢ The isolator positions and connection wiring are
supervised internally for plausibility of their position
BUSBAR PROTECTION

Low Impedance Busbar Protection:


(Numerical Busbar System)

➢ Centralized Busbar Protection

➢ Distributed/Decentralized Busbar Protection


BUSBAR PROTECTION
Centralized Busbar Protection
➢ one or more Central units

Basic Layout of centralized Busbar System


BUSBAR PROTECTION
Distributed/De-centralized Busbar Protection
➢ one or more Central units

Basic Layout of Distributed Busbar System


BUSBAR PROTECTION

BusBar Protection Zones

➢ Main Zone
Selective BusBar Zone Protection.
Uses Isolator/Circuit Breaker or both positions for CT
Switching.

➢ Check Zone
Non Selective Busbar Zone Protection
To overcome Equipment Status Discrepancy.
Can have settings independent of Main Zone
BUSBAR PROTECTION
CHECK ZONE:
The check zone comprises all the outgoing feeders of the busbar,
whereby the isolator positions are not considered.
Fundamentally, the measurements of the couplings are not
included.

Measurement zone of the check zone protection


BUSBAR PROTECTION
SLOPE/STABILIZING FACTOR & SETTING

Idiff= i1+i2

Ibais= Ii1I + Ii2I


BUSBAR PROTECTION
 BusBar Protection Zones Differ according to Bus
arrangement.
 Single Bus

 Single Bus with Transfer

 Double Bus with Transfer

 One & Half Breaker System


BUSBAR PROTECTION
Busbar Protection Options:
➢ Breaker Failure Protection:

When an Inbuilt feature of Busbar


➢ End Fault Protection:
For Dead/Blind Zone Faults.
Circuit Breaker Open status is required.
Mal-operation: Delayed updating of CB status.
➢ Check Zone Protection.
BUSBAR PROTECTION
 Questions

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