Hibernate
Slides based on Gavin Kings
presentation at JAOO 2003
Hibernate
Relational Persistence for Java and
.NET
Opensource (LGPL)
Mature and popular
Custom API
Auction Object Model
Persistent Class
Default
public class AuctionItem {
private Long _id;
constructor private Set _bids;
private Bid _successfulBid
Get/set pairs private String _description;
Collection public Long getId() {
return _id;
property is an }
interface type private void setId(Long id) {
_id = id;
Identifier }
public String getDescription() {
property return _description;
}
public void setDescription(String desc) {
_description=desc;
}
…
}
XML Mapping
Readable <class name=“AuctionItem” table=“AUCTION_ITEM”>
<id name=“id” column=“ITEM_ID”>
metadata <generator class=“native”/>
Column / </id>
table <property name=“description” column=“DESCR”/>
mappings <many-to-one name=“successfulBid”
column=“SUCCESSFUL_BID_ID”/>
Surrogate <set name=“bids”
key cascade=“all”
generation lazy=“true”>
strategy <key column=“ITEM_ID”/>
Collection <one-to-many class=“Bid”/>
</set>
metadata </class>
Fetching
strategies
Dirty Checking
Retrieve an AuctionItem and change description
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction();
AuctionItem item =
(AuctionItem) session.get(ActionItem.class, itemId);
item.setDescription(newDescription);
tx.commit();
session.close();
Transitive Persistence
Retrieve an AuctionItem and create a new persistent Bid
Bid bid = new Bid();
bid.setAmount(bidAmount);
Session session = sf.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
AuctionItem item =
(AuctionItem) session.get(ActionItem.class, itemId);
bid.setItem(item);
item.getBids().add(bid);
tx.commit();
session.close();
Detachment
Retrieve an AuctionItem and create a new persistent Bid
Session session = sf.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
AuctionItem item =
(AuctionItem) session.get(ActionItem.class, itemId);
tx.commit();
session.close();
item.setDescription(newDescription);
Session session2 = sf.openSession();
Transaction tx = session2.beginTransaction();
session2.update(item);
tx.commit();
session2.close();
Transparent Lazy Fetching
AuctionItem item = (AuctionItem) session.get(ActionItem.class, itemId);
SELECT … FROM AUCTION_ITEM ITEM WHERE ITEM.ITEM_ID = ?
Iterator iter = item.getBids().iterate();
SELECT … FROM BID BID WHERE BID.ITEM_ID = ?
item.getSuccessfulBid().getAmount();
SELECT … FROM BID BID WHERE BID.BID_ID = ?
Hibernate Query Options
Hibernate Query Language (HQL)
“Minimal” OO dialect of ANSI SQL
Criteria Queries
Extensible framework for expressing query
criteria as objects
Includes “query by example”
Native SQL Queries
Hibernate Query Language
Make SQL be object oriented
Classes and properties instead of tables and columns
Polymorphism
Associations
Much less verbose than SQL
Full support for relational operations
Inner/outer/full joins, cartesian products
Projection
Aggregation (max, avg) and grouping
Ordering
Subqueries
SQL function calls
Hibernate Query Language
HQL is a language for talking about “sets of
objects”
It unifies relational operations with object
models
Hibernate Query Language
Simplest HQL Query:
from AuctionItem
i.e. get all the AuctionItems:
List allAuctions = session.createQuery(“from AuctionItem”)
.list();
Hibernate Query Language
More realistic example:
select item
from AuctionItem item
join item.bids bid
where item.description like ‘hib%’
and bid.amount > 100
i.e. get all the AuctionItems with a Bid worth > 100 and
description that begins with “hib”
Hibernate Query Language
Projection:
select item.description, bid.amount
from AuctionItem item
join item.bids bid
where bid.amount > 100
order by bid.amount desc
i.e. get the description and amount for all the AuctionItems
with a Bid worth > 100
Hibernate Query Language
Aggregation:
select max(bid.amount), count(bid)
from AuctionItem item
left join item.bids bid
group by item.type
order by max(bid.amount)
Hibernate Info
http://hibernate.org
Hibernate in Action (Manning, 2004)
Tool support
http://xdoclet.sf.net
http://boss.bekk.no/boss/middlegen
http://www.andromda.org/
http://www.hibernate.org/255.html
Misc
Be sure to select the right strategy
for auto generating the primary key
Automatically recreating database
from schema does not work if new
schema violates old foreign key
constraints
