Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION X – NORTHERN MINDANAO
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF OZAMIZ CITY
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Module 2 and Module 3
Module 2: Mean and Variance of Discrete Random Variable
Lesson 1: Mean of Discrete Random Variable
The mean of discrete random variable X is a weighted average
of the possible values that the random variable can take. Unlike the
sample mean of a group of observations, which gives each observation
equal weight, the mean of random variable weights each outcome X,
according to its P(X).
To solve for the mean of the discrete random variable, we use the
formula:
Example:
The probability that a “balut” vendor can sell 3, 4, 5 baskets of
“balut” per day are 0.30, 0.50, 0.20 respectively. Find the mean of the
probability distribution.
This means that the vendor would probably sell 3 or less 4 baskets
of “balut” per day.
Lesson 2: Variance of Discrete Variable
The variance of discrete random variable is a measure of how
much the probability mass is spread out around the center which is the
mean.
The variance also tells us how much we can expect the results to
deviate from the expected value. Thus, the higher the variance, the
farther away the result can be from its expected value. This implies that
if the computed variance is high, the scores are very much scattered
around the mean. On the contrary, if the computed variance is low, the
data are closely concentrated around the mean.
To compute for the variance of the discrete random variable, we
use the formula:
So the variance is 0.79. . Since the variance is low, this means that
the probability of admitting COVID patient per day is close to the mean
Example: which is 0.75.
The number of COVID - 19 patient admitted per day in a Covid
facility along with its corresponding probability is shown on the table Module 3: Solving Problems Involving Mean and Variance of
below. Solve and interpret the variance of the data. Probability Distributions
School: Ozamiz City National High School
Address: Bernad St. Lam-an Ozamiz City
Telephone No: (088) 521-3385 Together, We Deliver Our Dreams.
Telefax: (088) 545-2821 ASENSO OZAMIZ!
Email Address: 304167@deped.gov.ph Cellphone Nos. 09709636300/09364337384
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION X – NORTHERN MINDANAO
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF OZAMIZ CITY
Mean of Probability Distributions Example:
The mean of a probability distribution is the number obtained by The probabilities that a patient will have 0, 1, 2, or 3 medical tests
multiplying all the possible values of the variables by the respective performed on entering a hospital are 6/15, 5/15, 3/15, and 1/15
probabilities and adding these products together. It indicates the expected respectively. Compute the variance for the probability distribution.
value the corresponding variable would take. Solution: 1. Find the mean of the probability distribution.
The mean of a probability distributions is given by
where X is a possible outcome and P(X) is its probability.
Steps in Finding the Mean of the Probability Distribution:
1. Construct the probability distribution for the random variable X.
2. Multiply the value of the random variable X by the corresponding
probability.
3. Add the results obtained in Step 2.
Example:
A bakery has the following schedule of daily demand for cakes.
Find the expected number of cakes demanded per day.
2. Subtract the mean from each value of the random variable.
3. Square the results obtained in Step 2.
Solution:
1. Since the probability distribution is given, multiply the value of the
random variable X by the corresponding probability.
4. Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the corresponding
probability.
2. Add the results obtained in Step 1.
5. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4.
The expected/mean number of cakes demanded per day is 4.36 or
Note: In order for you to properly comprehend the lessons, this is a
436 (in hundreds).
summary aligned with the module created by your teacher in this subject.
Variance of Probability Distributions Please do not disseminate or replicate it. Thank you!
Variance is a measure of how spread the data are, so instead of Prepared by: Mr. Quirino A. Aso II
multiplying each probability with a single data point, it is multiplied by
the sequence of the distance of each data point from the mean. The
variance of a probability distribution is given by
School: Ozamiz City National High School
Address: Bernad St. Lam-an Ozamiz City
Telephone No: (088) 521-3385 Together, We Deliver Our Dreams.
Telefax: (088) 545-2821 ASENSO OZAMIZ!
Email Address: 304167@deped.gov.ph Cellphone Nos. 09709636300/09364337384
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION X – NORTHERN MINDANAO
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF OZAMIZ CITY
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Module 2 and Module 3
Name: __________________________________________ Grade & Section: _________________ Score: _________
General Directions: Write your answers on this activity sheet.
I. Multiple Choice. Read carefully each item. Write only the 8. What is the mean of the given data?
letter of the best answer for each test item on the given box. A. 0.1 B. 0.2 C. 0.6 D. 0.7
9. What is the variance of the given data?
1. What do you call the weighted average of the possible values
A. 0.101 B. 1.01 C. 10.1 D. 10
that a random variable can take?
10. Which of the following statements best interpret the
A. Variance of discrete random variable C. Simple Variance
computed variance?
B. Mean of discrete random variable D. Simple Mean
A. The probability of producing the number of defective
2. Which tells us how much we can expect results to deviate from
flashlights is very far from the mean.
expected value?
B. The probability of producing the number of defective
A. Variance of discrete random variable C. Simple Variance
flashlights is away from the mean.
B. Mean of discrete random variable D. Simple Mean
C. The probability of producing the number of defective
3. Which of the following statements is a description of low
flashlights is close to the mean.
variance?
D. None of the above
A. The probability of scores is almost the same as the mean.
B. The data are close to the mean. I. Multiple Choice
C. Both statements A and B 1. 6.
D. None of the above 2. 7.
4. Which of the following statements is a description of high 3. 8.
variance? 4. 9.
A. The probability of scores is almost the same as the mean. 5. 10.
B. The probability of scores are scattered around the mean.
C. The data are closed to the mean
II. Problem Solving. Analyze and solve the problem carefully.
D. All of the above.
For numbers 5 - 7, use the data below.
The Vice-President of ABC Bank feels that each savings
account customer has, on average, four credit cards. The
following distribution represents the number of credit cards
people own.
5. Based from the data given, more likely, how many boxes of
face mask would the pharmacy sell per day?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 9 D. 10
a. Find the mean and variance of the probability distribution. Fill
6. What is the mean of the discrete random variable?
the table with the correct values.
A. 5 B. 6 C. 9 D. 10
7. Which of the following statements best interpret the computed
mean?
A. The pharmacy would sell more or less 8 boxes of face mask
per day.
B. The pharmacy would sell 8 boxes of face mask per day.
C. The pharmacy would sell exactly 7 boxes of face mask per
day.
D. The pharmacy would sell more than 7 boxes of face mask per
day.
For numbers 8 - 10, use the given information below.
The probabilities of a manufacturing company to produce
defective flashlights per day is shown on the table below. b. Is the Vice-President correct? Justify your answer.
School: Ozamiz City National High School
Address: Bernad St. Lam-an Ozamiz City
Telephone No: (088) 521-3385 Together, We Deliver Our Dreams.
Telefax: (088) 545-2821 ASENSO OZAMIZ!
Email Address: 304167@deped.gov.ph Cellphone Nos. 09709636300/09364337384
