Introduction
body
literature review
Objective
This assignment aims to provide a detailed and easy-to-understand overview of the
production process of toilet paper, including a simulation model for performance analysis.
Optimize the production process to meet the increasing demand for toilet paper while
minimizing waste and maximizing efficiency.
Ensure that the quality of the manufactured toilet paper meets the highest standards
through rigorous quality control.
Monitor the arrival of raw materials and plan production schedules to avoid
bottlenecks.
Evaluate the impact of fluctuations in arrival times and processing times on the
overall system performance.
Identification of Discrete Event System in Toilet Paper Production:
In the context of toilet paper production, the discrete event system can be identified in the
manufacturing line. Each roll of toilet paper represents a discrete entity, and various events
occur during its production process, making it suitable for discrete event simulation
modelling.
System Description
Toilet papers manufacturing plant operates 24/7 to produce high-quality toilet paper rolls. The
process begins with the arrival of raw materials, including logs or recycled paper for pulp
processing and packaging materials, such as plastic wrappers and cardboard boxes. The
arrival times of these materials are essential for planning production schedules.
Arrival of Raw Materials:
Logs or recycled paper arrives at the plant approximately every 5 to 10 minutes.
Packaging materials, such as plastic wrappers and cardboard boxes, arrive every 15 to 20
minutes.
Pulp Processing:
Pulp processing takes around 5 to 7 minutes per batch, ensuring that the pulp is of the highest
quality for papermaking.
Papermaking:
The papermaking stage is efficient, taking an average of 8 to 9 minutes to produce each large
roll of paper.
Cutting:
In the cutting stage, it takes approximately 4 to 5 minutes to convert each large roll into
smaller rolls or sheets, ensuring precise cutting and perforation.
Packaging:
Packaging is done swiftly, taking about 3 to 4 minutes to package each roll or sheet in various
quantities.
System Abstraction
Entity: A roll of toilet paper during the production process.
Processes: Pulp Processing, Papermaking, Cutting, Packaging.
Resources: Machinery, Skilled Labor, Quality Testing Equipment, Packaging
Materials, Transportation Resources.
Data Collection and Analysis
Table 1.Processes and resouces
Processes Resources
Person Machine
Pulp Processing 4 4
Papermaking 4 4
Cutting 0 2
Packaging 6 6
Explain how you collected this data, the process used? Or method?
Table 2. Table below shows the data collected for the paper manufacturing system
all times in minutes
Arrival
time Pulp Processing Papermaking Cutting Packaging
5 5 8 4 3
10 6 9 5 4
15 7 8 4 3
20 5 9 5 ?4
25 6 8 5 3
30 7 9 4 4
35 5 8 4 3
40 6 9 5 4
45 7 8 4 3
50 5 9 5 3
55 6 8 4 4
60 7 9 5 4
65 5 8 4 3
70 6 9 5 4
75 7 8 4 3
80 5 8 4 4
85 6 8 5 3
90 7 9 5 4
95 5 8 5 3
100 6 9 4 3
105 7 8 4 4
110 5 9 4 4
115 6 8 5 3
120 7 9 4 3
125 5 9 5 4
Processes and the probability distribution explained
Arrival time
The data for arrival times of raw materials can be modelled as an exponential distribution,
which is a common choice for representing arrival times in manufacturing processes.
Mean: x̄ = 65 (approx.)
Standard Deviation: s = 35 (approx.)
Minimum Arrival Time: 5 minutes
Maximum Arrival Time: 125 minutes
Process: Pulp Processing
The data for pulp processing times can be described by a discrete uniform distribution since
the processing times appear to be evenly distributed within a small range.
Descriptive Statistics Analysis:
Mean: x̄ = 6 (approx.)
Standard Deviation: s = 1 (approx.)
Minimum Time: 5 minutes
Maximum Time: 7 minutes
Process: Papermaking
The data for papermaking times can be described by a discrete uniform distribution since the
processing times are evenly distributed within a small range.
Descriptive Statistics Analysis:
Mean: x̄ = 8.4 (approx.)
Standard Deviation: s = 0.5 (approx.)
Minimum Time: 8 minutes
Maximum Time: 9 minutes
Process: Cutting
The data for cutting times can be described by a discrete uniform distribution, as the
processing times are evenly distributed within a small range.
Descriptive Statistics Analysis:
Mean: x̄ = 4.6 (approx.)
Standard Deviation: s = 0.5 (approx.)
Minimum Time: 4 minutes
Maximum Time: 5 minutes
Process: Packaging
The data for cutting times can be described by a discrete uniform distribution, as the
processing times are evenly distributed within a small range
Descriptive Statistics Analysis:
Mean: x̄ = 3.4 (approx.)
Standard Deviation: s = 0.5 (approx.)
Minimum Time: 3 minutes
Maximum Time: 4 minutes
Simulation Modelling/ Model Implementation
Use the simulation modelling procedure or method suggested during lectures as a guide to
further conduct your simulation
Bit explaination of how you gonna use simulatiuiuon to simulate the system(one
paragraph)
Basic flow chart of the system
Arena translated flow chart
Results analysis and Performance Measures
Present and interpret the results here for both 24 hrs 10 days and 30 days run
Disucess the results and interpret
Throughput: Rate of fully produced rolls of toilet paper per unit of time.
Error Rate: Percentage of defective or incorrectly produced rolls.
Analyze the simulation results, including throughput, error rates, and resource
utilization. Compare different configurations and identify bottlenecks, optimal setups,
and areas for improvement.
Sensitivity Analysis
Discuss some of the impacts of changing different configuration settings of your model and
its possible effect on any three of the following: society, environment, industry, health and
safety, and sustainability. What possible solutions would you suggest mitigating the previous
impacts? 8
Conclusion
Summarize the findings, draw conclusions about the system's performance under different
configurations, and provide recommendations for optimizing the manufacturing process.
Address the impacts on society, environment, industry, health, safety, and sustainability
References
