functional area tools / methods user oriented?

EXPLORE - observation and sensemaking mood boards y

concept maps n

context maps

functional canvases n

stakeholders maps y

customer journey maps y

motivation maps y

value maps y

stakeholders' value maps y

persona cards y

scenarios n

sharing economies canvas

 interviews y

surveys y

direct observation y

inmersion y

journal y

literature reviews n

desk research n

nine questions y

EXPERIENCE - working together exploratory sessions y

functional structures y

serious games y

scenario exploration system y

collaborative, participative y
workshops

community building y
EXPERIMENT - prototyping proof of concept websites

community seeds

visions

EXPLAIN - icebreaking, harvesting and reporting rose, thorn, bud y

clustering n

custom content templates n

live plenary reports y

card walls

blog

posters

plenary conferences / expert n

presentations

reports & papers

rationale functions
citizens, businesses and institutions are increasingly using visual to collect and display images related to topics, concepts,
content to share knowledge, either by authoring original content situations, events, etc.
or by selecting and editing existing one. A proper field analysis
cannot ignore research based on visual content

Multicultural, multidisciplinary groups need to engage in to list concepts and to represent them in space detailing
conversations on grounds that overcome the barriers set-up by qualities, relationships and relational qualities
disciplinary approaches and by oral and written languages.
Concept maps rely on visual communication to generate
relationships among concepts and ideas that facilitate a deeper,
shared understanding. They also allow to follow non-sequential
patterns when exploring different areas and relationships.

Complex contexts need to be described visually in order to to analyse a context and extract all pertinent actors,
generate a clear, non-sequential image of all the actors at play elements, events and relationships
and of their qualities and relationships.

We tend to inadvertently "hide" functions by identifying them to represent in space all entities involved in a process and
with tools and technologies. By keeping the analysis at its context, their relationships (cause/effect,
functional level, one can reflect on what alternative proximity/distance, etc.) and the quality of their
objects/technologies are available to provide the function, relationships (reinforcing/weakening, etc) and the rules for
therefore onening the way to more human-centered innovation interaction among the parts.
and to parallel thinking

In user centered approaches it is necessary to include all the to represent in space all actors involved in a process and to
users and the roles involved in a particular process or context. visualise their relationships (i.e. social and/or functional)
Stakeholders maps help detect unseen or overlooked roles and plus the quality of the relatonships (i.e. strong/weak,
relationships frequent/infrequent, etc.)

User experiences provide meaningful, user-relevant design to represent in a timeline all main phases of an experience,
insights highligting both negative and positive touchpoints. noting positive and negative feedbacks, tools and services
Relationships with other users and with the objects and services encountered and interaction with other actors
encontered during the experience provide additional insights.

for community building to explore main motivations for action for each user role
included in a stakeholders map.
Communities and motivation-based projects rely on a shared set to express, collect and layout in a canvas what a group
of similarly prioritised values. Value maps visualise such values considers valuable and what is perceived as non-desirable
and priorities for community building and to engage in projects
that align with a shared sense of purpose

for community building to explore what each role in a stakeholders map considers
as more valuable in a specific situation
When user needs and perceptions are presented realistically, to represent the salient, pertinent characteristics and needs
better insights are generated. of a series of users.
Future oriented studies need to explore alternative, plausible to imagine and describe evidence-inspired, plausible future
future scenarios to increase awareness and preparedness. contexts

A functional analysis of sharing economy mechanisms and to analyse or to design the "three plus one" sides of a
platforms allows to provide better awareness of the flows and sharing platform: users, service providers, platforms and
exchanges of information and value public interest
Interviews are a mediated source of information on personal to ask questions to individuals on specific topics and
experience. Information is collected with live questions. register their answers

Interviews are a mediated source of information on personal to ask questions to individuals on specific topics and
experience. Information is collected using questionnaires. register their answers

Direct observation helps generate direct, non-mediated insights to observe and register group and individual behaviour
on user habits, preferences and beliefs

Inmersion allows first-hand, qualitative and quantitative to embed observers in target contexts and to extract
experience of specific contexts pertinent information on the context, actors, and behaviours

Journals collect information from users in form of multi-media to collect experience regarding a specific context or event
diary. The information is usually higly qualitative. by asking a first-hand user to write a diary

Review of existing literature provides access to up-to-date analyse existing literature

knowledge
Desk research provides a cost-effective method to access search for literature and general inforation about a specific
information about a specific topic topic
Engaging individuals to express values during a group session is to collect a set of positive and negative values and qualities
challenging. Scripted rituals help to break the ice and express from individuals
freely one's priorities while sharing with others.

Co-design projects require an initial framing session where to gather key participants of a project in a session designed
challenges and issues are defined collaboratively. to frame a context and spot challenges and opportunities.

Functional canvases provide a flexible but validated framework to populate a canvas with actual or hypotetical information
to help participants explore options, interact and build
prototypes in a specific context following explicit rules

Serious games embed gaming dynamics into functional to guide and entertain a set of heterogeneous participants
canvases to guide and reward participants during discovery into the discovery of a particular subject
sessions
Future oriented studies need safe conversational spaces to to immerse participants in several future oriented scenarios
explore options fot the future and to learn about the response of according to specific roles in order to capture relevant
all involved actors. Conversations need to be harvested and used insights
as insights.

A well designed choreography allows for the creation of an to define all main logical steps, objectives and outcomes of
effective, safe space that maximises the opportunity of all a meeting as well as the rituals for interactions among
participants to contribute and minimises the risk of dominant participants
positions "hijacking" the floor.

Groups and communities form quicker when a concrete problem to identify common challenges and priorities, to identify
is felt as urgent by the majority of participants and when a key actors, to identify champions, to network participants
motivated individual or restricted group takes the responsibility
for action. Groups and commuities thrive when the action-based
subgroups are held together and motivated by community
gardeners
user-orinted services can be quickly prototyped using mock-up to simulate a service using online semi-functioning demo
interfaces or demo websites
In order to generate communities, "seed groups" or community to start user-led projects and to network them
prototypes generate insights on relevant dynamics and tools
needed
the adoption of a shared set of common values and priorities to formalise a representation of a desirable future, often
and their translation in a clear vision is fundamental to inspire using visual means and enactments
an atonomous but coordinated action

Synthetic and very heterogeneous insights are generated when to express personal evaluations in a group setting, in a fast
the feedback from a varied audience is accepted in a very paced session
structured, fast paced format
Clustering is essential for sensemaking. It makes macro or meta to group and display a series of concepts (often obtained
concepts emerge while maintaining the richness of all with participatory processes) in coherent areas
contributions.
Harvesting templates help focus participants and guarantee the to guide participant into formalising their contributions in a
documentation of the knowledge created during participatory comparable and easy to understand format
activities
Sharing the results of group sessions among all participants to present publicly the conclusions of a grup session
helps to reconciliate and make sense of different perspective
and to generate new insights and new learning

Structured feedback or contributions generated and displayed in to collect feedback or quick views in very structured and
a very short time help to create a sense of community and gives time/space limited supports
an idea of the overall atmosphere

To communicate prototypes, non-formal findings and work in

progress.
Visual communication helps get the attention and layers to structure and layout content in a visual format
information on several levels, allowing for a rich interpretation
of the content
one-to many communication methods quickly transfer and to communicate to an audience
disseminate knowledge. New methods such as Pecha-kutcha or
TED-like conferences add a level of entertaiment that can
increase the retention of key messages

Structured, logical and linear reporting is the standard format to structure and to present knowledge into logically related
for the transmission of knowledge. steps, often to be absorbed in a linear, incremental way
purposes technological or practical tools
to provide insights and information on people's value pinterest boards, shared photo albums, visual maps
priorities, perceptions, and on weak signals for cultural, (collect pictures, let participants chose and explain)
societal and technological development

to provide shared understading of all the concepts pen & paper, physical props, diagrams, maps, context
implicit in a complex topic or challenge templates

to provide shared, multicultural and multidisciplinary

understanding of a complex context

to provide shared, multicultural and multidisciplinary business model canvas, service model canvas, functional
understanding of complex processes, to provide a diagrams, flowcharts, expressions, physical props (wood
common ground for further, specific analysis, to spot blocks, lego, plastiline, etc.)
localised or systemic challenges and opportunities, to
compare similar processes.

to provide shared understanding of complex DC stakeholders templates, stakeholders analyses

relationships involving several actors, to provide a matrix, stakeholders influence templates, stakeholder
common ground for further analysis of motives and diagrams, etc.
incentives, actions, perceptions, values, experiences.

a user-centered process to provide insights on how to customer journey templates, 3D and 2D timelines
improve or radically change, a service, the interaction
with a product or product functions.

to orient actors in the definition of communities, teams

and projects based on a deep, shared sense of purpose

to provide insights of user-based needs, opportunities persona templates

and challenges
to generate policy insights during structured
conversations

to increase the understanding of sharing platforms, to sharing canvas template

generate insights on how to benefit any of the actors.
to generate insights or to collect data and knowledge phone, questionnaires, voice recorders
based on people's experiences and/or knowledge

to generate insights or to collect data and knowledge questionnaires, online questionnaires

based on people's experiences and/or knowledge

to generate insights or to collect data on user

behaviours, habits, preferences and beliefs. To generate
insights on specific contexts.
to generate insights or to collect data on user
behaviours, habits, preferences and beliefs. To generate
insights on specific contexts.
pen, paper diary or journal

access to and extraction of knowledge from existing internet, online libraries and repositories, online
studies communities of interest
to form knowledge about a specific topic internet, online libraries and repositories, online
communities of interest
to build a shared value map and detect the most nine questions template
important values and preferences in a specific group

to generate a context map and use it to collectively 3D props, pen and paper
identify challenges, opportunities and priorities.

to quickly prototype applications and verify the solidity, business model canvas, service model canvas
resilience and characteristics of certain assumptions
and/or models

to collaboratively generate knowledge on a topic while

engaging with several heterogeneous actors

to provide insights on motivations, reactions and effects scenario exploration system board and cards
provoked on people by different futures

to generate a safe space for the harvesting of insights

and for the sharing of knowledge

to promote, build and maintain collaborative platforms communication tools, social media platforms, contant
management systems, exploratory sessions, functional
canvases, concept maps, stakeholders maps
test solutions and to validate design hypothesis

test if the group is motivated, what networking

challenges there are, what (communication) tools are
required
to align expectations and to inspire coordinated
behaviour

to gather insights from several participants

to make sense out of multiple contributions

to structure feedback, content and knowledge generated

during participatory sessions

to reconciliate different perspectives and to generate world café, reporting sessions, pecha kutcha sessions,
new insights poster walls, mood boards

to break the ice, to generate a cloud of concepts, to feel

the mood of the participating audience

To communicate prototypes, non-formal findings and

work in progress.
To grab attention and to communicate several layers of
information on different level of consciousness

to simultaneously update and/or persuade and/or conference rooms, massive online open courses
entertain a large number of people

to transmit knowledge and insights

proposed for: response
future of industries, textile workshop; LAB space
definition

sharing economies, DG Regio, sprint workshops,

exploratory sessions,

first workshop, sharing economies;

self assessment sessions, xxx

initial team building session
comments
will be proposed again when the conditions arise. Useful for: horizon
scanning.

We are embedding this tool into the standard exploratory sessions

value maps do not need to be necessarily abstract and conceptual.

Values can be very tangible too.
Ready to approach the second iteration on this exercise