LOOPS
LOOPS
•A control structure that is used to execute a
particular part of the program repeatedly if a
given condition evaluates to be true.
•Comes into three types:
• For loop
• For-each loop
• While loop
• Do-While loop
Elements required to perform counter-
controlled repetition
1. a control variable (or loop counter)
2. the initial value of the control variable
3. the increment/decrement by which the control
variable is modified each time through the loop
(also known as each iteration of the loop)
4. the loop-continuation condition that determines
if looping should continue.
PROBLEM 1:
int n1=0, n2=1 ,n3 ,i , count=10;
System.out.print(n1+" "+n2);
for(i=2;i<count;++i) {
n3=n1+n2;
System.out.print(" "+n3);
n1=n2;
n2=n3;
}
PROBLEM 2
int count = 0;
do {
System.out.print (count +" ");
count++ ;
} while ( count < 6 );
PROBLEM 3
int x = 0;
while ( x < 20 )
{
System.out.print( x + " " );
x = x + 5;
}
PROBLEM 4
int x = 0;
while ( x < 20 )
{
x = x + 5;
}
System.out.print(x);
}
PROBLEM 5
for(int i = 0; true; i++) {
System.out.println("The world is breaking apart!");
break;
}
PROBLEM 6
int i, fact=1;
int number=6;
for(i=1;i<number; i++){
fact*=i;
}
System.out.println(fact);
}
PROBLEM 7
int count = 0;
int x = 0;
while (count < 10){
if (x % 2 == 0){
System.out.println("Hephep");
} else {
System.out.println("Hooray");
}
count++;
x++;
}
PROBLEM 8
int total = 0;
for(int s=1;s<=20; s++){
if(s % 2 != 0){
System.out.print(s+” ”);
total += s;
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println(“Total is: ”+total);
}
ARRAYS
ARRAYS
• are used to store multiple values in a single variable,
instead of declaring separate variables for each
value.
• Types of arrays:
• single-dimensional array
represents a linear collection of data
• multi-dimensional array
are used to store data as a tabular form, like a table with
rows and columns.
ACCESSING THE ELEMENTS OF AN ARRAY
• To access an element, refer to the index number.
Example:
//For 1D array
String[] motors = {“Suzuki", “Yamaha", “Honda", “Kawasaki"};
System.out.println(motors[3]);
//For 2D array
int[][] numbers = {{0,2,4}, {1,3,5}};
System.out.println(numbers[1][2]);
CHANGING THE ELEMENTS OF AN ARRAY
• To change the value of a specific element, refer to the index number:
Example:
//For 1D array
String[] motors = {"Suzuki", "Yamaha", "Honda", "Kawasaki"};
motors[3] = "Duke";
for (int i = 0; i < motors.length; i++) {
String motor = motors[i];
System.out.println(motor+" ");
}
CHANGING THE ELEMENTS OF AN ARRAY
• To change the value of a specific element, refer to the index number:
Example:
//For 2D array
int[][] numbers = {{0,2,4}, {1,3,5}};
numbers [1][1] = 7;
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; ++i) {
for(int a = 0; a < numbers[i].length; ++a) {
System.out.println(numbers[i][a]);
}
}
DETERMINING THE LENGTH OF AN ARRAY
• To access an element, refer to the index number.
Example:
//For 1D Array
String[] motors = {“Suzuki", “Yamaha", “Honda", “Kawasaki"};
System.out.println(motors.length);
//For 2D Array
int[][] numbers = {{0,2,4}, {1,3,5}};
System.out.println(numbers.length);
DETERMINING THE LENGTH OF AN ARRAY
• To access an element, refer to the index number.
Example:
//For 1D Array
String[] motors = {“Suzuki", “Yamaha", “Honda", “Kawasaki"};
System.out.println(motors.length);
//For 2D Array
int[][] numbers = {{0,2,4}, {1,3,5}};
System.out.println(numbers.length);
PROBLEM 1
int array_length = 0;
double[][] av = { {1.2, 9.0}, {9.2, 0.5, 0.0},
{7.3, 7.9, 1.2, 3.9} } ;
array_length = av.length;
System.out.println(array_length);
PROBLEM 2
int[][] a = { {10, 11, 31, 14}, {24, 32, 29, 20, 72 },
{33, 82} } ;
for( int row=0; row < a.length; row++ ) {
for( int col=0; col < a[row].length; col++ ) {
System.out.print( a[row][col] + " ");
}
}
PROBLEM 3
double[][] cb = { {1.2, 9.0, 3.2}, {9.2, 0.5,
1.5, 1.2}, {7.3, 7.9, 4.8}, {1.2, 9.0, 3.2} } ;
System.out.println(cb[2][2]);
PROBLEM 4
double[] myList = {1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5};
double total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
total += myList[i];
}
System.out.println(total);
PROBLEM 5
int[][] num = {{3,4,0,1,2},{0,4,3,2,1},{0,3,1,2,4},{2,1,4,0,3}};
int []a = num[0];
int []b = num[1];
int []c = num[2];
int []d = num[3];
System.out.println(a[b[c[d[4]]]]);
