Time to waste? Cec Poorest 8.1 Test skills Reading (GT): Table completion Speaking Part 1 Grammar Talking about the future 82 ‘Test skills Listening: Short-answer questions (lists) Short-answer questions Speaking Part 3 Vowel length Leisure activities Pronunciation Vocabulary Workbook contents 1,23 Grammar: talking about the future 45 Reading and grammar 8.1 SB pages 52-53 1 Ask students what they think about the leisure activities shown in the pictures (dancing, playing the guitar, pottery): are they a waste of time or worth doing? Ask students for examples of active and passive activities, and ask if they think one type is more worthwhile than the other. NB Leisureis pronounced with a short'e'(/e/) in British English, and with a long’ee’(/i/) in American English. Possible answers | thik is a good ida to spend your leisuretime actively, particularly if you don't get much exercise while you'te studying or working. Sometimes you need to relax and use your bain rather than do anything active | 2 Ask students if they know of any arts centres that organise a variety of cultural activities. If so, ask for examples of the activities. Ask students to read the rubric and Test spot. Point out that although the format is slightly different, completing a table is essentially the same as note-taking. Ask students to note the headings of the table, and to read about Jake Duff in the text. Make sure they see why comedy is the answer to the example. ‘Ask them to complete the table. ‘Answers 1 rurllife 2 bestnewcomer 3 talk 4 booklet 5 play 6 growing up 7 actors B photographic exhibition 9 everyday objects 40 polished metal veer —_ “a UNITS 3. Explain that there are a number of ways of talking about the future in English, and usually the speaker/writer has a choice of more than one: it isn’t the case that one is right and all others are wrong. Five ways are listed in ae. Make sure students know what they mean. Answers ye 2e 3¢ 4d 5a 6b 7a Bd a will b will © present continuous / be going to d be going to present simple For more information about the future, refer students to the Grammar folder (SB page 140). 4 Often, when talking about a future event, the speaker/ writer gives their opinion of how likely it is to happen. This grammatical exercise isin the form of an IELTS classifying task. Answers 1a 2c 3a 4a 5b 6c 7b 8a 9a wb ‘have no doubt tei proteable/ikely that may well fot sure may/might/could ‘hee 5 tac/pesiytelnood tt maybe/perhaps/possibly ait Detecnee is ‘unlikely as tobeuniikelyto : ‘tisunlikely that there’ tle Shaelpsytethood, | doubt / don't think3 Ask students to form pairs and talk about the events, using the phrases given. Possible answers 1 I'm convinced Ill enjoy the show, because I've always wanted to see her perform. 2. I may enjoy myself, bt there's a chance the audience will be disappointed 3. I'm sure I'l hate the film just as much the second time. | 4 Maybe 'll be able to learn the rules quickly, but there’s a | chance I'll spoil the game for the other players. 8.2 SB pages 54-55 1 Ask students what they think of the activities in the pictures (paragliding, rock climbing, painting), and why they think people choose to do them. Make sure they understand the five categories (‘relaxation; etc.) and the activities given. Ask for further examples that might give similar experiences. Ask what leisure activities students do, and why. Background information * Paragliding: the sport of jumping out of an aircraft with a special parachute that allows you to travel a long, horizontal distance before you land ‘© ‘Scuba diving: the sport of swimming under water with special breathing apparatus. Scuba is originally an acronym, formed from the initial leters of self- contained underwater breathing apparatus. Possible answers relaxation: yoga, collecting stamps excitement: watching or playing football, dancing communion with nature: walking in the countryside, angling companionship: playing in an orchestra, going out with friends creative expression: painting, singing in a choir 2 Ask students to read the rubric, Test spot, example and. questions 1-9 for the listing task. Play the first part of the recording, drawing students’ attention to the examples when they hear them. ‘Answers (see underlined text in script) 1 rock climbing 2 paragliding 3 chess (1-3 in any order) 4 music 5 football (4-5 in either order) 6 surfing 7 bird-watching (6-7 in either order) 8 painting 9 drama (8-9 in either order) Questions 10-14: ask students to read the rubric, Test spot, example and questions. Play the second part of the recording, ‘Answers (see underlined text in script) 10 (a) full experience 11 (to) socialise/socialize 12 retail therapy 13 entertainment 14 life Recording script Example Leisure activities are as varied as crossing the Arete, or collecting foreign coins, or a visit to a museum. Research into people's experience of leisure has revealed that people get a number of different kinds of enjoyment ftom leisure, some of which I'l briefly talk about now. But bear in mind that most activites will provide several types of experience. We often talk about leisure as giving the opportunity for relaxation. Yoga is generally claxing, both physically and mentally sis stam collecting. Relaxation tends to be associated with undemanding activities, but many leisure activities are far from relaxing, Questions 1-9 At the opposite end of the spectrum is flow the name given to a very intense experience, where you're completely absorbed in what you're doing and lose tack of time, This often comes from activities where people set themselves challenges to test and improve their skills, as in zock climbing. Many activities that provide flow carry a considerable physical risk, which is likely to add to the experience ~ paragliding is just one example, But the same intensely emotional experience may occur in a very different activity, like cess. I isnt the activity alone which provides the experience, but aso what the participant brings to it Another feature of many leisure activities is the introduetion toa ‘whole new social network, providing companionship with other like-minded people. New friends can be made through joining a ‘music club, for instance. And social relationships can be through a shared interest in football. The media open Lup this experience to everyone who wants to participate, even if they don't pay ‘Then there's the pleasure that some people get from being in communion with nature ether alone of with companions. Surfing, for example.is likely tf attention on the sea while cone of the more relaxing ways of relating to the natural world is bird-watching. Leisure activities can also provide an opportunity to express ceatvity. Again, these can be solitary or companionable. Painting is often done alone, although many people join a club that can give them encouragement and tips for improvement, while drama is, normally a combined effort, with a performance as its goal strengthen Questions 10-14 ‘An essential aspect of leisure is that we can pick hobbies to suit our personality, our needs and our wallet, and we can drop them at any time. This control is crucial, as people benefit from feeling that they're making their own decisions. That’s one reason why children need to choose their own hobbies, instead of having them imposed by their parents With large numbers of people wishing to spend time on leisure activities, there’ a growing demand for the organiser ~ whether it’s ‘a cinema or a dance class ~ to ensure that participants have a full ‘experience. It isn’t enough just to show a film: customers want to be able to find out in advance what's on, travel to the cinema easily, feel welcome when they arrive and have the chance to buy popcorn to eat during the film TIME TO WASTE? (aPeople may enjoy an activity ~a dance class, for instance ~ but drop itbecause these other pars of the experience have been overlooked. ‘They're likely to enjoy themselves much more if theyre made to feel welcome and there's an opportunity to socialise when the dancing ends, Like cinemas, the retail sector is making efforts to package a varity of experiences. Many people go shopping for pleasure and spend {ar longer comparing and discussing products than they do actually buying. This has even gained a name ip recent years — ‘retail therapy’ ~ reflecting the view that it makes people fel better, hopping used to be purely practical: we bought what we needed. But that’s no longer enough. Many shopping centres now ensure shoppers are provided wit entertainment as well. This is good for business, as it attracts more customers, who stay longer and spend And is sure good for us, or simply a waste of time? According to psychologists, participating in leisure activities makes us healthier, both physically and mentally, and increases the pleasure we gain from if. So we've got good reason to carry on with our hobbies! Pairs of students could choose five leisure activities that are mentioned and design a leaflet to attract people to them. ‘The information could include what is in the recording. script, what other students say about the activities and what they find on the Internet. 3. Explain that vowel sounds fall into three main categories: short, long and diphthongs. Point out that spelling is not a helpful guide to pronunciation. Give examples from the students’ language of the three categories, if appropriate NB The name of each vowel, a i, 0 and 1, is the same as its main long or diphthong pronunciation. Ask students to read exercise 3 and categorise the underlined vowels. Answers | Short owes: full instead, skil 1, study hobby /o/ | lone vowels: far /aitmore foi, musi bid 3, people fit! | diphthongs: about aur, goal /au/, time /a/ there /e2/, year /10/ Ask students to listen to each word and repeat it as a group. The words are in the same order as above the table. Then ask students to form pai read the words, checking each other's pronunciation, sand take turns to “B\ UNIT 8 Recording script Listen and repeat full far about instead goal time more there music bird skills year study people hobby 4. This activity will help students to anticipate the types of questions they might be asked in Part 3 of the Speaking Module, and to evaluate answers. Ask them to form ‘groups of three, read the example questions and complete the set of four questions about one or more of the activities ~ either the ones in exercise 4 or another activity. Draw attention to the activities in the cartoons (playing computer games, collecting autographs). As they finish, individuals should question someone from another group. After a while, ask the class how easy it was to reply to the questions, and how well people answered the questions. Possible answers Watching television Why do you think some people enjoy watching TV? What sorts of programmes are the most educational? | Playing computer games | How is playing computer games different from playing | ter games? Can playing computer gates a ot affect relationships with other people? Collecting autographs of fomous people What expenses might be involved in collecting | autographs? Doyou thinkit’ a good idea to buy autographs from other | collectors? why / Why not? Reading ist more useful to read books or read material on the Internet? Why? ate good idea? | Why dyou think some people never endfor plese? | What are the disadvantages of reading? Why?Writing folder 4 SB pages 56-57 Refer students to the introduction and Advice box. This unit aims to take students through the expressions and layout required in a letter, Students often find it hard to know how to begin a letter, and the Useful language box contains suggestions for letter purpose, which should be of help. 1 Answer The letter is to the local council. 2 ‘Answer Cis correct here because you don't know the name of the person you are writing to. ls informal toa friend, and Bis to someone you have met/know the name of and is semi-formal Answer Ais better, as there is an explanation of who is a clear reason for writing is given Bis too abrupt and gives the reader no idea of who is. writing, Its also very rude — implying something about the council which may or may not be true, but which in any «case is unlikely to receive a positive response. ng and ‘Answer It only deals with one suggestion - the question asked for, ‘suggestions’ Also it talks about how to find money for the facility, which was not asked for. And it contains some further irrelevancy towards the end. The reader wouldn't be interested in the personal information given, ‘Answer This is too informal, A better ending would be something | do hope you will consider my suggestions and ideas. Please get in touch with me if you would like to discuss them further. | ‘ook forward to hearing from you in the near future. dS 6 Suggested answers 1 Too abrupt: ! would like to work in your cinema if you hhave a vacancy in the near future. 2 Too informal: hope that you will consider my application favourably. 3 Too flowery: saw your job advertisement in the paper last week. 4 Too rude: | would appreciate it if you could reply as soon as possible. 5 Too rude: 'm afraid that | will be unable to attend the interview next week. | hope it will be possible to arrange another date. | 6 Too rude:/’m afraid that | haven't yet received an application form. | 7. Too formal:s’m sorry to say that I do not think you have adequately answered my question. 8 Too informal: enclose my CV. 9 Too informal: Please do not hesitate to get in touch if you have any questions about my application. 10 Too formal: You will see from my CV that | am very well qualified for the position. 7 This letter is not an exact correction of the one in the Student's Book, but is politer and more agreeable in tone. Possible answer Dear Sir/Madam, am a 20-year-old student and | am studying physical education at Pulteney College. | have been studying there for the past two years. lam writing to ask if there are any part-time job vacancies at your sports centre. I really enjoy sport, and my areas of particular interest and expertise are running, tennis, judo and basketball. | have hhad some experience of coaching for these sports during the time | have been at the college. Last year, | worked in the holidays at a sports centre in my own country. | will be able to provide references from this summer job and also from my teachers at the college. | qualify as a sports teacher in two years’ time. | would prefer to work in the evenings and at weekends, as \ have classes during the daytime, and I can start from the beginning of October. | ook forward to hearing from you in the near future. Yours faithfully, (059 words, not including opening and closing phrases) WRITING FOLDER 4 foUnits 5-8 Revision SB pages 58-59 3 Answers | 1 My colleague is always late for work, which makes my | ‘The aim of this revision unit is to focus on the language | | | boss really angry. | | covered in units 5-8. Exercises 2-6 can be done as a test in class or for homework, 2. The archaeologists have found the tomb of the king . . who/that ruled the country in 4500 BC. Topic review 3. We went to see the film which/that won an Oscar this faa 1 4 lam writing a book review which/that might upset the r author | 5. Achacologss are people who often have to workin | advert is for something | really need. eau condone | : weed ; . | 2 Absolutely tue There nothing ike more than going |_| & {dort e aavertsements which/hat don't tl the | * tomuseums and places orhstra interest = vehichthat gave | 5 Well they have been saying this Tor years andallican | | 7 Whatwas the name ofthe company whichtha | say is that people are working harder than ever. a | 4. if you don’t work hard, it’s unlikely you will ever have | © any money - unless of course you win the lottery 4 | 5 tts probabiy easter to get Jobin the fst pac you | have qualifications. | | | | | | | | | L Possible answers 1. Well in fact, I do sometimes, because sometimes the Answers 1 My wife, who lives in New York, works in advertising. 2 The Dorchester Hotel, which is near Hyde Park, is very comfortable. 3. | know a lot of people who are archaeologists. 4 The boy who played the part of Peter in the play goes to 6 Yes, that's true, but only because it is very expensive to 0 to the theatre. 7. No,1 don't think this is true. think more people than ever are interested in history - you only have to look at TV scheduling and the number of Hollywood films that are based on historical characters. my college. 8 Both are very important to me ~ I need long holidays, 5. The people who bult the Pyramids must have worked but Lalo need to have enough money to go somewhere long and hard Lae 6 My manager, who is very strict about punctuality, has 9 Yes, already have a job organised in the local A eR eas supermarket. ed 10 No, think my dad works the hardest. He's a lawyer and doesn't come home til ate most nights. 5 ee — ~_ Tanwes | answers | Grammar 1 site 2 research 3 tomb 4 salary 5 promotion 6 motivation 7 manager 8 earn 9 spend 10 waste Mt save 12 pay 13 play 14 exhibition 15 dancing 2 | | 16 performance 17 relaxation 18 activity | | | ‘Answers || amanager b eam c performance d research 1 levelled off 2 has dropped back 3 has changed | } | e exhibition 4 declined 5 was 6 was 7 experienced 8 continued | Answers |v caries out /does 2 reached 3 analysed 4 support | 5 carying out / doing; lead iN UNITS 5-8 REVISIONProgress Test 2 Listening Questions 1-' Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER for each answer Coppersmith Engineering was founded in Ithas recently developed engines for certain types of Since starting a joint venture, there has been an increase in The building that is under construction is to be a new ‘The company recently won an award as the in the city, Questions 6-10 Which activity will each trainee learn about? Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-H next to questions 6-10. ‘A domestic sales B export sales | © marketing D purchasing E recruitment F salaries and wages 6 training H_ warehouse 6 Carol 7 Frank 8 Philip 9 Stephanie 10 Minh ‘OBJECTIVE IELTS INTERMEDIATE - THIS PAGE MAY BE PHOTOCOPIED 1 Cambridge University Press, 2006, PROGRESS TEST 2 faReading Questions 1- ‘The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number Ix by each question. List of Headings i How advertising reached the majority of consumers ‘An uncertain future Not everyone wants to see advertisements iv Changing preferences in television programmes The rising cost of television advertising vi Advertisers’ difficulties are nothing new — but they're getting worse vii Using consumers to do the advertising viii More television stations, but fewer people watch each one How advertisers plan their spending x. Strong sales don't require most of the spending on advertising to go to TV Paragraph A Paragraph 8 Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph & Paragraph F Paragraph G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Questions 8-13 Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in the reading passage? Write YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer No if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 8 The percentage of spending on advertising that is wasted is falling 9 Internet advertising leads to higher sales than newspaper advertising 10. Changes in the number of television stations available has affected advertisers. 11 Most people believe that the quality of advertising has become worse. 12 Arnumber of people were surprised by the level of sales of Prilosec. 13 Advertising is likely to return to what it was in the 20th century. ‘OBJECTIVE IELTS INTERMEDIATE - THIS PAGE MAY BE PHOTOCOPIED ‘Cambridge University Pres, 2006The crisis in advertising A. Advertisers have known for a jong time that half the money they spent was wasted: their problem was that they didn’t know which half: But now they're facing bigger challenges than ever before, and as a result, they're probably wasting even more of their advertising budget. B_ For years, the main media used for advertising in the USA were newspapers - now affected by a fall in the | number of readers ~ magazines, television, radio, cinema and outdoor (that is, posters on billboards in the street), These have now been joined by the Internet. The most effective medium was television: when there were only two or three channels in each country, TV commercials were seen by maybe 90% of consumers, and advertisers from banks to airlines to car manufacturers spent vast amounts on television advertising. Now, though, with the growth of satellite and cable TV, the nurnber of channels has multiplied, so audiences are much smaller than in the past. Because of this, and the popularity of the Internet, advertisers may find they are reaching no more than a third of the public. D_ Another problem for advertisers is a change in attitudes. As the average American sees around 3,000 advertisements of various sorts every day, the findings of some recent surveys are hardly surprising: two- thirds of Americans would like to avoid advertising altogether ~ particularly on TV. Consumers are buying personal video recorders, not least because they make it possible to see TV programmes without watching the commercials, E To deal with these challenges, companies are changing their approach to marketing, Procter & Gamble, manufacturer of many of the household goods found in millions of homes, is the world’s biggest advertiser, spending $4 billion a year, In the 1990s, 90 per cent of that was spent on TV commercials, but now the percentage is much lower, and sales remain strong. In 2003, the company launched a non- prescription medicine, Prilosec. Only about a quarter of the marketing budget was spent on TV, while the rest went to other forms of marketing, and many in the advertising industry expected the launch to fail asa result. Instead, the product sold very well. F Some companies are experimenting with different ways of reaching consumers, such as ‘Vira’ marketing, an electronic version of word-of-mouth advertising. Procter & Gamble ~ which helped to launch TV soap operas as a new way to market goods in the 1940s - is once again looking for fresh approaches to advertising. In 2001, it started an ambitious programme involving several hundred thousand US teenagers, It uses them to discuss ideas about new products and to encourage their friends to buy the items. in return, the teenagers get to hear about and use new things before most other people. | G it’s hard to predict what advertising will be like in a few years’ time, but it's sure to be far more varied | than it was in the last century. it has always been the job of the advertising industry to be inventive. Now | it isn't just a question of inventing new ads ~ advertisers are having to invent new ways of persuading consumers to buy. ‘OBJECTIVE IELTS INTERMEDIATE - THIS PAGE MAY BE PHOTOCOPIED. “© Cambridge University Press, 2006Writing Writing Task 1 (GT) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You were hurt in a minor accident at a local swimming pool and you wish to complain to the swimming poo! management. Write a letter to the manager of the swimming pool. In your letter © say who you are © give details of the accident ‘© suggest how the swimming pool management could prevent similar accidents. Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses. Bogin your letter as follows: Dear Sir or Madam, ‘SaTECTIVE LTS ISTERMEDIATE THIS PAGE MAY BE PHOTOCOPIED © Cantvide Vers Fro 78 “BY PROGRESS TEST 2Progress Test 2 Key Listening 11934 2 boats 3 turnover / (sales) 4 office (block) 5 bestemployer 6 F 7D 8B 9H WE Recording script You will hear a manager from an engineering company talking to a group of new trainees. First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 5. Now listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5. Ah, good morning, everyone. My name's Jeremy Armstrong, and I'm in charge of your training programme here at Coppersmith Engineering, manufacturers of what we like to think are the world’s best diesel engines! Il start by giving you a very brief background to the company. Right. Now, the founder, John Coppersmith, was born locally in 1910, In 1932, he started making bicycles in a shed at the bottom of his garden. This proved so successful that two years later, he rented a small factory unit and set up Coppersmith Engineering ~ so we date back to 1934. And since then, we've produced over ten million engines. ‘As you probably know, the engines we manufacture are not for cars, but for vehicles used in industry and agriculture. In the last few years, we've also made engines that are used to power boats, including police launches and lifeboats. Another fairly new development is that ten years ago, we set up a joint venture with a Japanese manufacturer and as a result, we're seeing a big rise in turnover, while keeping production costs steady. Of course, this success gives us great confidence in the future, and so we're currently in the middle of a five-year plan to improve the buildings we have here, We've just completed a new test facility, and as you were coming in, you probably noticed the site where we're constructing an office block. At present, our desk-based staff are in several buildings, and they're all due to move into the new one in six months time. Oh, and, er, just one more point I'd like to mention: our goal hhas always been to achieve top quality in everything we do, so ‘when we received an award last month from the city council, naming us ‘best employer, we were very proud indeed. Before you hear the rest of what the manager has to say, you have some time to look at questions 6 to 10. Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10. OK, now I'll give you an idea of what to expect in the next few days. You'll each be spending today and tomorrow with one of our staff, following him or her around, sitting in on meetings, and generally learning about that particular activity, ‘Now, this is how 've allocated you. Er, Carol, you said in your interview that you're interested in finance, so I've put you with the person who deals with payments to staff. This is the busiest week in the monthly cycle, as all the overtime hhas to be calculated before pay day. Now, Erank, I believe you've already had some training in sales, and you want to look at the process from the other side, so the purchasing section is where you'll start off. You'll be able to find out how we buy goods and services from ou suppliers. Next on the list is Philip. You said you hope to work in advertising, so I had arranged for you to work alongside our marketing manager. But I'm afraid she’s on sick leave at the ‘moment, so instead you'll be with someone who deals with sales to other countries. As you speak two or three languages, ‘you should find you can use them. Stephanie, you didn’t mention any preference, so ve put ‘you.with the warehouse manager. We purchase goods almost every day and have frequent deliveries, so you'll see how we handle all the goods that come in ~ not to mention the finished products waiting to be despatched to customers. ‘And lastly, Minh: I understand you've been working in an employment agency and would like to look at the application process from an employer's point of view. We're about to advertise for new training staff to join my section, so you'll be with the person who's responsible for recruiting them. You might have some good ideas for how they should go about it. OK, now if you'd like to come this way .. ‘OBJECTIVE IELTS INTERMEDIATE ~ THIS PAGE MAY BE PHOTOCOPIED © Cambridge Unvety Pss, 2006 PROGHESS ESTE Key (sReading vi 24 3vili gill 5x 6vi 7H 8 NO But now .. they're probably wasting even more of their advertising budget. (paragraph A) 9 NOTGIVEN newspapers - now affected by a fall in the number of readers... These have now been Joined by the internet. (paragraph 8) We aren't told whether Internet advertising has become more effective than newspaper advertising. 10 VES the number of channels has muttiplied, 0 audiences are much smaller than in the past. Because of this,.. advertisers may find they are reaching no more than a third of the public. (paragraph C) 1 NOT GIVEN. two-thirds of Americans would like to avoid advertising altogether. (paragraph D) We are told that many people don't lke advertising, but not whether they think it has become worse. 12 YES ‘many in the advertising industry expected the launch to fail asa result. Instead, the product sold very well. (paragraph ) 3 NO it's sure to be far more varied than it was in the last century. (paragraph G) Sample answer Dear Sir or Madam, My name is Suzi Loh and I reported having an accident in your changing room last Wednesday. I am now writing to complain formally about the state of the floor in the ‘women’s changing room. Last week, I attended the Wednesday morning session. When I was getting changed in the women’s changing room, I slipped and fell. The floor was very greasy for some reason, probably the result of the cleaning fluid which had been used. Luckily, there were other people in the changing room, and they were able to help me. | only grazed my arm, ‘because someone caught me as I fell. Otherwise, I might, have been knocked unconscious when I hit the floor. 1 think itis vital that you investigate the type of cleaning, products that are being used at the pool and also perhaps, consider changing the type of flooring being used before someone is seriously hurt. I look forward to hearing your response. Yours faithfully, Suzi Loh (159 words, not including opening and closing phrases) se PROGRESS TEST 2 KEY