PW Arithmetic Math
PW Arithmetic Math
WALLAH
Quantitative Aptitude
Formulae Book
FOR SSC, RAILWAY AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS
1 Revision of Quantitative
Quick Aptitude Formulae for
SSC, Railway and Other Competitive Exams
Chapter 1
la[;k i¼fr
1. ;fn fdlh çkÑr la[;k N osQ vHkkT; xq.ku•.M gS%
N = p1q1 p2 q2 p3q3 ...
(1 q1 )(1 + q2 )(1 + q3 ) ...
rc] N ds lHkh xq.ku•.Mksa dh la[;k N =+
2. ;fn fdlh çkÑr la[;k N osQ vHkkT; xq.ku•.M gS%
N = p1q1 p2 q2 p3q3 ...
rc] N ds lHkh xq.ku•.Mksa dk ;ksx
( )(
= 1 + p11 + p12 + ... + p1q1 1 + p21 + p2 2 + ... + p2 q2 )
(1 + p 3
1
)
+ p32 + ... + p3q3 ...
9. a a a................... ( n times ) = a 2n
3
10. a 3 a 3 a....................∞ = a
11. a ÷ a ÷ a ÷ a..................∞ =
3
a
12. 4a + 1 + 1
a + a + a + a...................∞ =
2
4a + 1 −1
13. a − a − a − a...................∞ =
2
vkSj Y = a − a − a − a...................∞
rc, X – Y = 1 vkSj XY = a
15. 4a + b 2 + b
a + b a + b a + b a + b ............. =
2
16. 4a + b 2 − b
a − b a − b a − b a − b ............. =
2
vkSj Y = a − b a − b a − b a − b .............
rc, X – Y = b vkSj XY = a
1
w x y z
18. a =a w× x × y × z
n ( n + 1)
1. izFke n izkÑr la[;kvksa dk ;ksx = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =
2
2. izFke n le izkÑr la[;kvksa dk ;ksx = 2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 2n = n(n + 1)
3. izFke n fo"k; izkÑr la[;kvksa dk ;ksx = 1 + 3 + 5 + .... + 2n – 1 = n2
4. izFke n izkÑr la[;kvksa ds oxks± dk ;ksx = 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n2
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
=
6
5. izFke n le izkÑr la[;kvksa ds oxks± dk ;ksxk
2n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
= 22 + 42 + 62 + ... + ( 2n ) =
2
3
6. izFke n fo"ke izkÑr la[;kvksa ds oxks± dk ;ksx
n ( 2n − 1)( 2n + 1)
= 12 + 32 + 52 + ... + ( 2n − 1) =
2
3
7. izFke n izkÑr la[;kvksa ds ?ku dk ;ksx
2
3 3 3 3 n ( n + 1)
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =
2
;k
n
Sn
= [ a + l ] , tgk¡ l nh x;h AP dk vk[kjh in gksxkA
2
12. eku yhft, ,d xq.kksÙkj Js.kh (GP) dk a igyk in gS vkSj r lkoZ vuqikr gSA
rc] bl GP dk nok¡ in gksxk%
Tn = arn–1
13. eku yhft, ,d xq.kksÙkj Js.kh (GP) dk a igyk in gS vkSj r lkoZ vuqikr gSA
rc] bl GP ds n inksa dk ;ksx gksxk%
a ( r n − 1)
Sn = ,
r −1
14. eku yhft, ,d xq.kksÙkj Js.kh (GP) dk a igyk in gS vkSj r lkoZ vuqikr gSA
;fn |r| < 1, rc] bl GP ds vuar inksa dk ;ksx gksxk%
a
S∞ =
1− r
a+b
15. nks la[;kvksa a vkSj b dk lekarkj ekè; (AM) =
2
16. n la[;kvksa a1, a2, a3,....,an dk lekarkj ekè; (AM)
a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an
=
n
17. nks la[;kvksa a vkSj b dk xq.kksÙkj ekè; (GM) = ab
1
18. n la[;kvksa a1, a2, a3, .... an dk xq.kksÙkj ekè; (GM) = ( a1 ⋅ a2 ⋅ a3 ...an ) n
19. n èkukRed la[;kvksa ds fy,] AM ≥ GM
20. n ½.kkRed la[;kvksa ds fy,, AM ≤ GM
chtxf.kr
1. chtxf.krh; lw=k vkSj loZlkfedk,¡
i. a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)
ii. (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
iii. (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
iv. (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
v. (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab
(a + b + c)
2
vi. = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
vii. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
viii. (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)
ix. a 3 + b3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 − ab + b 2 )
a 3 + b3 = ( a + b ) − 3ab ( a + b )
3
x.
xi. a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
a 3 − b3 = ( a − b ) + 3ab ( a − b )
3
xii.
(a + b)
3
xiii. + (a − b)3 = 2a 3 + 6ab 2
(a + b)
3
xiv. − (a − b)3 = 2b3 + 6ba 2
(a + b + c) = a 3 + b3 + c 3 + 3 ( a + b )( b + c )( c + a )
3
xv.
xvi. a 3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca )
1
xvii. ( a + b + c ) ( a − b ) + ( b − c ) + ( c − a )
2 2 2
a 3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc=
2
xviii. ;fn a + b + c = 0, rc a 3 + b3 + c 3 =
3abc
(a + b + c) = a 3 + b3 + c 3 + 3 ab ( a + b ) + bc ( b + c ) +ca ( c + a ) + 2abc
3
xix.
xx. (a + b + c)3 = a3 + b3 + c3 + 3 a 2 ( b + c ) + 3b 2 ( c + a ) + 3c 2 ( b + a ) + 6abc
2. dqN chth; O;atd ds xq.ku[kaM%
i. 1 + a + b + ab = (1 + a )(1 + b )
ii. x + xa + xb + ab = ( x + a )( x + b )
iii. 1 + a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc = (1 + a )(1 + b )(1 + c )
iv. a4 + a2 + 1 = (a2 + a + 1)(a2 + 1 – a)
v. a 4 + b 4 + a 2 b 2 = ( a 2 + b 2 + ab )( a 2 + b 2 − ab )
vi. a 4 + b4 = (a 2
)(
+ b 2 + 2 ab a 2 + b 2 − 2ab )
vii. a 4 + b 4 − 3a 2 b 2 = ( a 2 − b 2 + ab )( a 2 − b 2 − ab )
1
3. x + iQkWeZ ds lw=k vkSj loZlkfedk,¡%
x
2
1 2 1
i. x + = x + +2
x x2
2
1 2 1
ii. x − = x + 2 − 2
x x
2 1 1 1
iii. ;fn x + 2 = k , rc x + = k + 2 vkSj x − = k −2
x x x
1 1
iv. ;fn x + = k , rc x 2 + 2 = k 2 − 2
x x
1 1
v. ;fn x − = k , rc x 2 + 2 = k 2 + 2
x x
1 1 2
vi. ;fn x + = k , rc x − = k − 4
x x
1 1
vii. ;fn x − = k , rc x + = k2 + 4
x x
3
1 3 1 1
viii. x + = x + 3 + 3 x +
x x x
3
1 3 1 1
ix. x − = x − 3 − 3 x −
x x x
4. dqN vU; egRoiw.kZ lw=k%
i. ;fn x2 + x + 1 = 0, rc x3 = 1
ii. ;fn x2 – x + 1 = 0, rc x3 = –1
SSC Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 8
iii. ;fn x 2 + 3 x + 1 =0 ;k x 2 − 3 x + 1 =0 , rc x6 = – 1
5. 'ks"kiQy izes;% eku yhft, fd p(x), 1 ls vf/d ?kkr okyk ,d cgqin gSA ;fn
p(x) dks (x – a), ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] rks 'ks"kiQy = p(a) gksrk gSA
6. xq.ku[kaM izes;% eku yhft, fd p(x), 1 ls vf/d ?kkr okyk ,d cgqin gSA
rc] (x – a), p(x) dk ,d xq.ku[k.M gksxk ;fn p(a) = 0.
7. ,d cgqin ds 'kwU;d vkSj xq.kkad ds chp laca/%
i. ;fn a vkSj b cgqin ax 2 + bx + c ds 'kwU;d gS rks
b
α + β =− ['kwU;dksa ds ;ksx]
a
c
αβ = ['kwU;dksa ds xq.kuiQy]
a
ii. ;fn a, b vkSj g cgqin ax3 + bx2 + cx + d ds 'kwU;d gS rks
b
α + β + γ = − ['kwU;dksa ds ;ksx]
a
c
αβ + βγ + γα = [,d ckj esa fy, x, nks 'kwU;dksa dk ;ksx]
a
d
αβγ = − ['kwU;dksa ds xq.kuiQy]
a
9 chtxf.kr
Chapter 4
1. f=kHkqt%
i. ekuk f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa dh yackbZ a, b, vkSj c gSA rc]
a b
a. f=kHkqt dk ifjeki = a + b + c
a+b+c
b. v¼Z ifjeki] s =
2
c. f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy=
, ∆ s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
vk/kj (b)
1 1
f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy, ∆ = × vk/kj × Å¡pkbZ = × b × h
2 2
eku yhft, a vkSj b ,d f=kHkqt dh nks Hkqtkvksa dh yackbZ gS vkSj nks js[kkvksa
iii.
ds chp dk dks.k q gSaA rc]
q
b
a
1
f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy, ∆ = × a × b × sin θ
2
ledks.k f=kHkqt% eku yhft, ABC ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt gS] ftldk dks.k
iv.
B ledks.k gSA rc]
A
B C
1 1
∆ ABC dk {ks=kiQy = × vk/kj × yEc = × AB × BC
2 2
leckgq f=kHkqt% eku yhft, ,d leckgq f=kHkqt dh izR;sd Hkqtk dh yackbZ
v.
a gSA rc]
a a
a
a. leckgq f=kHkqt dk ifjeke = 3a
3 2
b. leckgq f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy = a
4
11 {kss=kfefr ({ks=kiQy vkSj ifjeki)
2. o`Ùk% ekuk o`Ùk dh f=kT;k r gSA rc]
i. o`Ùk dk O;kl, d = 2r
ii. o`Ùk dh ifjf/ = 2pr
iii. o`Ùk dk {ks=kiQy = pr2
iii. pki dh yackbZ tks o`Ùk ds dsanz ij q dks.k cukrh gS
l = r θ , ;fn q jsfM;u esa gS
θ
=l 2π r × , ;fn q fMxzh esa gS
360°
r r
q
2 θ
iv. dsanzh; dks.k q ds f=kT;[kaM dk {ks=kiQy =πr ×
360°
v. v¼Z o`r dk ifjeki = π r + 2r = r ( 2 + π )
pr
2r
3. oxZ% ekuk oxZ dh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ a gSA rc]
a
a a
2a
a
SSC Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 12
i. oxZ dk ifjeki = 4a
4. vk;r:
=
iii. vk;r dk fod.kZ l 2 + b2
iv. vk;r dh lhek ds lkFk ckgjh rjiQ ,dleku pkSM+kbZ (x) ds iFk dk {ks=kiQy
= 2x ( l + b + x )
x
b x
5. lekUrj prqHkqZt%
b
i. vk/kj b vkSj špkbZ h ds lekarj prqHkqt
Z dk {ks=kiQy = vk/kj × Å¡pkbZ = b × h
Hkqtkvksa dh yackbZ a vkSj b vkSj ,d vkarfjd dks.k q okys lekarj prqHkqZt
ii.
dk {ks=kiQy = ab sin θ
6. leprqHkqZt%
1
i. fod.kZ d1 vkSj d2 okys leprqHkZqt dk {ks=kiQy = × d1 × d 2
2
d1 d2
a
SSC Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 14
7. leyac prqHkqZt% eku yhft;s ABCD ,d leyac prqHkqZt gS tgk¡ AB || CD
vkSj eku yhft;s AE ⊥ DC vkSj BF ⊥ DC. rc]
A B
D E F C
1
leyac prqHkqZt dk {ks=kiQy =× ( AB + CD ) × AE
2
8. prqHkqZt% ekuk prqHkqZt ds fod.kZ d1 vkSj d2 ,d nwljs dks 90° ij izfrPNsn djrs
gSaA fiQj]
d2
d1
1
prqHkqZt dk {ks=kiQy = × d1 × d 2
2
9. le "kV~Hkqt% eku yhft, ,d le "kV~Hkqt dh Hkqtk dh yackbZ a gSA rc,
i. le "kV~Hkqt dk ifjeki = 6a
2
ii. le "kV~Hkqt dk {ks=kiQy = 3 3a
2
iii. lcls yacs fod.kZ dh yackbZ = 2a
iv. NksVs fod.kZ dh yackbZ = 3a
{ks=kfefr
(vk;ru vkSj i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy)
i. ?ku dk vk;ru = a3
ii. ?ku dk ik'oZ i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = 4a2
iii. ?ku dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = 6a2
iv. ?ku ds lcls yacs fod.kZ dh yackbZ = 3a
2. ?kukHk% ekuk ?kukHk dh yackbZ] pkSM+kbZ vkSj Å¡pkbZ Øe'k% l, b vkSj h gSA rc
l
h
i. ?kukHk dk vk;ru = l × b × h
ii. ?kukHk dk ik'oZ i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = 2 ( l + b ) × h
iii. ?kukHk dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = 2 ( lb + bh + hl )
4. 'kadq: ekuk 'kadq ds vk/kj dh f=kT;k vkSj Å¡pkbZ Øe'k% r vkSj h gSA rc,
h l
r
1 2
i. 'kadq dk vk;ru= πr h
3
ii. 'kadq dh fr;Zd ÅapkbZ=
, l r 2 + h2
iii. 'kadq dk ik'oZ i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = πrl
iv. 'kadq dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = πrl + πr = πr ( l + r )
2
2 3
i. v/Zxksys dk vk;ru= πr
3
ii. v/Zxksys dk ik'oZ i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = 2pr2
1
i. fNuzd dk vk;ru = πh ( R + r + Rr )
2 2
3
h2 + ( R − r )
2
ii. fNuzd dh fr;Zd ÅapkbZ, l =
πl ( R + r )
iii. fNuzd dk ik'oZ i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy =
frjNh mpkbZ
yEckbZ
vk/kj
1
fijkfeM dk vk;ru =
i.
3
× vk/kj dk {ks=kiQy × fijkfeM dh ÅapkbZ
1
fijkfeM dk ik'oZ i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy= × vk/kj dk ifjeki × fijkfeM dh
ii.
2
fr;Zd ÅapkbZ
iii. fijkfeM dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = ik'oZ i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy + vk/kj dk {ks=kiQy
10. leprq"iQyd: ,d leprq"iQyd ,d prq"iQyd gS ftlds pkjksa iQyd
leku vkdkj ds leckgq f=kHkqt gSaA ekuk izR;sd leckgq f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk a
gSA rc]
2a 3
i. leprq"iQyd dk vk;ru =
12
3 3 2
ii. leprq"iQyd dk ik'oZ i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = a
4
iii. leprq"iQyd dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy = 3a 2
f=kdks.kfefr
1. f=kdks.kferh; vuqikr%
H
P
θ
B
i. sin yEc P
= θ =
d.kZ H
ii. = vk/kj B
cos θ =
d.kZ H
yEc P
iii. =
tan θ =
vk/kj B
iv. cosec
d.kZ H
= θ =
yEc P
d.kZ H
v. =sec θ =
vk/kj B
vi. =
vk/kj B
cot θ =
yEc P
2. f=kdk.kferh; loZlkfedk,¡%
2 2
i. sin θ + cos θ =1
2 2
ii. sec θ − tan θ =1
iii. cosec 2 θ − cot 2 θ =1
3. dqN ekud dks.kksa ds fy, f=kdks.kferh; vuqikrksa dk la[;kRed eku:
1 1 3
sinq 0 1
2 2 2
1 1
cosq 1 0
2 2
1
tanq 0 1 3 ifjHkkf"kr ugha
3
ifjHkkf"kr 2
cosecq 2 2 1
ugha 3
2
secq 1 2 2 ifjHkkf"kr ugha
3
ifjHkkf"kr 1
cotq 3 1 0
ugha 3
ii. sin ( x=
− y ) sin x cos y − sin y cos x
iii. cos ( x=
+ y ) cos x cos y − sin x sin y
iv. cos ( =
x − y ) cos x cos y + sin x sin y
tan x + tan y
v. tan ( x + y ) =
1 − tan x tan y
tan x − tan y
vi. tan ( x − y ) =
1 + tan x tan y
B sin ( A + B ) − sin ( A − B )
ii. 2 cos A sin =
B cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A − B )
iii. 2 cos A cos =
B cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B )
iv. 2 sin A sin=
23 f=kdks.kfefr
8. ,dkf/d dks.k lw=k:
i. sin 2 x = 2sin x cos x
ii. cos 2 x − sin 2 x =
cos 2 x = 1 − 2sin 2 x =
2cos 2 x − 1
2tan x
iii. tan2 x =
1 − tan 2 x
iv. sin3x = 3sinx –4sin3x
v. cos3x = 4cos3x –3cosx
3tanx − tan 3 x
vi. tan3 x =
1 − 3tan 2 x
9. dqN fo'ks"k lw=k:
1
i. sin x × sin ( 60° − x ) × sin ( 60° − x ) = sin 3x
4
1
ii. cos x × cos ( 60° − x ) × cos ( 60° − x ) = cos 3 x
4
iii. tan x × tan ( 60° − x ) × tan ( 60° − x ) = tan 3x
10. f=kdks.kferh; iQyuksa ds vf/dre vkSj U;wure eku:
i. a sin θ + b cos θ
2 2
( )
2
U;wure eku
= a+ b
SSC Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 24
Chapter 7
T;kfefr
1
2
l1
4 3
5
6
l2
8
7
B C
B C D
iii. f=kHkqt dh leku Hkqtkvksa ds lEeq[k dks.k cjkcj gksrs gSa vFkkZr
AB = AC ⇔ ∠ACB = ∠ABC
A
B C
B C
B C
FksYl izes;: ;fn D vkSj E, DABC dh A vkSj B Hkqtkvksa ij nks fcanq bl izdkj
vi.
gSaA fd DE BC , rks
AD AE AB
= =
DB EC AC
A
D E
B C
eè; fcanq izes;: ;fn D vkSj E Øe'k% DABC, dh
vii. Hkqtkvksa A vkSj B ds eè;
BC
fcanq gS] rks DE BC vkSj DE = .
2
viii. ikbFkkxksjl izes;: eku yhft, fd ABC ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt gS tks B ij
ledks.k gSA rc] AB 2 + BC 2 =
AC 2
27 T;kfefr
A
C B
B D C
E
F
B D C
xi. Stewart’s Theorem (LVhoVZ izes;): eku yhft;s fd AD yackbZ d dh ,d
flfo;u gS tks BC dks [kaMksa BD = m vkSj CD = n esa foHkkftr djrk gSA
rc] b 2 m + c 2 n = a ( d 2 + mn )
A
c b
d
B m D n C
a
c b
B C
a
a b c
= = = 2 R
sinA sin B sinC
tgk¡ R f=kHkqt dh ifjf=kT;k gSA
osine rule (dkslkbu fu;e): DABC esa] gekjs ikl gS:
xiii. C
A
b
c
B a C
b2 + c2 − a 2
cos A =
2bc
a 2 + c2 − b2
cos B =
2ac
2 2 2
cos C = b + a − c
2ba
kgjh dks.k f}Hkktd izes;: ekuk AD DBAC dk dks.k lef}Hkktd gS] rks
xiv. c
AB BD
=
AC CD
Apollonius Theorem (,iksyksfu;l izes;): eku yhft, AD dh ,d
xv.
ekfè;dk gS] rc AB 2 + AC 2= 2 ( AD 2 + BD 2 )
A
29 T;kfefr
xvi. fdlh Hkh ledks.k f=kHkqt esa]
a 2 + b2 + c2 =
8R 2
B
M
A
O
N D
v/Z&o`Ùk esa lekfgr dks.k 90° ds cjkcj gksrk gS vFkkZr ;fn AB o`Ùk dk
iii.
90
O;kl gS vkSj C o`Ùk dh ifjf/ ij dksbZ fcanq gS rks ∠ACB =
SSC Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 30
C
A B
,d pki }kjk o`Ùk ds dsaæ ij cuk;k x;k dks.k mlh pki }kjk o`Ùk ds 'ks"k
iv.
Hkkx ij cuk, x, dks.k dk nqxuq k gksrk gS] vFkkZr ∠AOB =
2∠ACB .
C
A B
,d pki }kjk o`Ùk ds 'ks"k Hkkx ij cuk;s x, varfjd dks.k cjkcj gksrs gSa
v.
vFkkZr ∠ACB = ∠AEB .
∠ADB =
E
C O
B
A
o`Ùk ds fdlh fcanq ij Li'kZ js•k Li'kZ fcanq ls tkus okyh f=kT;k ij
vi.
yac gksrh gS] vFkkZr ;fn PQR dsaæ O okys o`Ùk dh Li'kZ js•k gS] rks
∠PQO = 90°
R
Q
P
O
;fn PQ vkSj PR dsaæ O okys o`Ùk ij cká fcanq P ls •haph xbZ nks Li'kZ
vii.
js•k,¡ gSa] rks
31 T;kfefr
Q
P O
∠OQP =
∠ORP
∠POQ =
∠POR
viii. ;fn PAB vkSj PCD ,d o`Ùk dh nks Nsnd js[kk,¡ gSa rks PA × PB = PC × PD
B
A
C
D
ix. ;fn PAB ,d Nsnd js[kk gS vkSj PT ,d o`Ùk dh Li'kZ js[kk gS] rks
PT 2
PA × PB =
eku yhft, A, B vkSj C ,d o`Ùk ij rhu fcanq gSa vkSj PAQ fcanq A ij Li'kZ
x.
∠ACB vkSj ∠QAC =
js[kk gS] rc ∠PAB = ∠ABC
A Q
P
B
C
d2 −(R + r)
2
b. fr;Zd mHk;&fu"B Li'kjs[kk dh yackbZ, CD =
D
r
d
R
C
xii. ,d pØh; prqHkqZt ds lEeq[k vkarfjd dks.kksa dks ;ksx 180° gksrk gSA
B
A
C
xiii. ;fn o`Ùk dh nks thok,¡ AB vkSj CD ijLij yacor O ij izfrPNsn djrh gSa]
33 T;kfefr
;fn ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ a, b vkSj c gSa, tgk¡ c d.kZ gS] rks bldh
iii.
c
ifjf=kT;k R =
2
;fn ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ a, b vkSj c gSa, tgk¡ c d.kZ gS] rks bldh
iv.
a+b−c
vUr%f=kT;k r =
2
abc
v. ;fn ,d f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ a, b vkSj c gS]a rks bldh ifjf=kT;k] R = , tgk¡
4∆
D, f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy gSA
∆
;fn ,d f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ a, b vkSj c, gSa] rks bldh vUr%f=kT;k, r =
vi. ,
s
tgk¡ D] f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy gS vkSj s f=kHkqt dk v¼Z ifjeki gSA
vUr%dsanz vkSj ifjdsUnz ds chp dh nwjh =
vii. R 2 − 2rR ] tgk¡ R ifjf=kT;k gS
vkSj r var%f=kT;k gSA
6. oxZ% eku yhft, ABCD ,d oxZ gS vkSj fod.kZ AC vkSj BD fcanq O ij izfrPNsn
djrs gSaA rc]
A B
D C
i. AC = BD
ii. OA = OB = OC = OD
iii. ∠AOB =
∠BOC =
∠COD = 90
∠DOA =
iv. ∠BAC =
45
7. vk;r: eku yhft, ABCD ,d vk;r gS vkSj ekuk fd fod.kZ AC vkSj BD
ijLij fcanq O ij izfrPNsn djrs gSaA rc]
A B
D C
D C
i. AB = BC = CD = DA
ii. ∠AOB =
∠BOC =
∠COD = 90
∠DOA =
iii. OA = OC vkSj OB = OD
iv. AC2 + BD2 = 4AB2
10. leyac prqHkZqt% eku yhft, ABCD ,d leyac prqHkZqt gS ftlesa AB||CD
gS vkSj fod.kZ AC vkSj BD ,d nwljs dks fcanq O ij çfrPNsn djrs gSaA rc]
A B
D C
i. DAOB ~ DCOD
ii. OA × OD = OC × OD
;fn a vkSj b leyac prqHkZqt dh lekarj Hkqtk,¡ gSa vkSj P vkSj Q lekarj
i.
a+b
Hkqtk ds eè; fcanq gSa] rks PQ =
2
;fn a vkSj b leyac prqHkZt
ii. q dh lekarj Hkqtk,¡ gSa vkSj P vkSj Q fod.kks±
a −b
ds eè; fcanq gSa] rks PQ =
2
2 2
iii. fod.kZ ds oxks± dk ;ksx = AC + BD + 2 AB × CD
35 T;kfefr
iv. dksbZ Hkh lef}ckgq leyac prqHkZqt ,d pØh; prqHkZqt gSA
,d o`Ùk esa vafdr dksbZ Hkh leyac prqHkZqt ges'kk lef}ckgq leyac prqHkZqt
v.
gksrk gSA
11. cgqHkqt
i. n Hkqtkvksa okys cgqHkqt ds lHkh vkarfjd dks.kksa dk ;ksx = (n – 2) × 180°
ii. n Hkqtkvksa okys ,d le cgqHkqt ds çR;sd vkarfjd dks.k dk eki
( n − 2 ) ×180
=
n
vkSlr
isz{k.kksa dk ;kxs
1. vkSlr =
iz{sk.kkas dh l[a;k
2. la[;kvksa dk ;ksx = vkSlr × isz{k.kksa dh la[;k
3. ;fn n1 la[;kvksa dk vkSlr a1 gS vkSj n2 la[;kvksa dk vkSlr a2 gS] rks lHkh
an +a n
la[;kvksa dk la;qÙkQ vkSlr = 1 n1 + n2 2
1 2
4. eku yhft, xi , n çs{k.k gSa vkSj wi muds lacaf/r Hkkj gSa] rks Hkkfjr vkSlr
x w + x w + ... + xn wn
= 1 1 2 2
w1 + w2 + ... + wn
5. la[;kvksa dk vkSlr:
i. çFke n çkÑfrd la[;kvksa dk vkSlr = n(n + 1)
ii. çFke n le çkÑfrd la[;kvksa dk vkSlr = (n + 1)
iii. çFke n fo"ke çkÑfrd la[;kvksa dk vkSlr = n
( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
iv. çFke n çkÑr la[;kvksa ds oxks± dk vkSlr =
6
2 ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
v. çFke n le çkÑfrd la[;kvksa ds oxks± dk vkSlr =
3
( 2n − 1)( 2n + 1)
vi. çFke n fo"ke çkÑfrd la[;kvksa ds oxks± dk vkSlr =
3
2
( n + 1)
vii. çFke n çkÑr la[;kvksa ds ?kuksa dk ;ksx = n
2
2
;ksx 2n ( n + 1)
viii. çFke n le çkÑr la[;kvksa ds ?kuksa dk =
;ksx n ( 2n 2 − 1)
ix. çFke n fo"ke çkÑr la[;kvksa ds ?kuksa dk =
bdkbZ lLrh lkexzh dk yxkr ewY; 1 bdkbZ eagxh lkexzh dk ykxr ewY;
c d
vkSlr ewY;
m
d–m m–c
izfr'kr
x x x
1. izfr'kr dk fHkuz esa :ikarj.k vkSj blds foijhr x% = = × 100 %
100 y y
2. ;fn A, B lss x% vf/d gS] rks A = (100 + x)%
3. ;fn A, B ls y% de gS] rks A = (100 – y)%
x
4. ;fn A, B ls x% vf/d gS] rks B, A ls % de gSA
100 + x
y
5. ;fn A, B ls y% de gS] rks B, A ls 100 − y % vf/d gSA
xy
6. ;fn A, B ls x% vf/d gS vkSj B, C ls y% vf/d gS] rks A, C ls x + y + %
100
vf/d gSA
7. ;fn fdlh oLrq dh dher esa x% dh o`f¼ gksrh gS] rks miHkksx esa fdruh deh
x
dh tk;s ftlls O;; leku jgrk gS = %
100 + x
8. ekuk fd ,d dLcs dh tula[;k gj lky R% c<+rh gSA ;fn fdlh 'kgj dh
orZeku tula[;k P gS] rks
P
i. n o"kZ igys] 'kgj dh tula[;k = n
R
1 +
100
n
R
ii. n o"kZ ckn] 'kgj dh ;k P 1 +
tula[=
100
9. ekuk fdlh oLrq ds ewY; esa çfr o"kZ R% dh deh gksrh gS vkSj oLrq dk orZeku
ewY; P gS] rks
P
i. n lky igys] oLrq dk ewY; = n
R
1 +
100
n
R
ii. n lky ckn] oLrq dk ; P 1 +
ewY=
100
NwV
3. ;fn ewy/u = P, C;kt dh nj = R% çfr o"kZ vkSj le; = T o"kZ vkSj C;kt
okf"kZd :i ls la;ksftr gksrk gS] rc
T
R
i. feJ/u,=
A P 1 +
100
R
T
ii. pØo`f¼ C;kt, CI = A − P = P 1 + − 1
100
6. ;fn C;kt okf"kZd :i ls la;ksftr gksrk gS vkSj igys o"kZ ds fy, C;kt dh nj
R1 % nwljs o"kZ ds fy, R2 % vkSj rhljs o"kZ ds fy, R3 % gS] rks
R R R
P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 + 3
A=
100 100 100
7. ;fn C;kt okf"kZd :i ls la;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS] rks C;kt dh nj R % çfr
n
o"kZ gS vkSj le; fHkUu esa gS] tSls fd t o"kZ] rks
t
m
R nR
A= P 1 + 1 +
100 m × 100
8. ;fn C;kt dh ,d fuf'pr nj ij jkf'k P, t1 o"kks± esa n1 xquk vkSj t2 o"kks± esa
n2 xquk gks tkrh gS] vkSj C;kt okf"kZd :i ls la;ksftr gksrk gS] rks ( n2 ) = ( n1 )
1 t 2t
10. ;fn ewy/u = P, C;kt dh nj = R% çfr o"kZ vkSj le; = 3 o"k± rc]
R 2 R
2
CI=− SI P + 3
100 100
11. ;fn P dh dksbZ jkf'k n leku fdLrksa esa ykSVkbZ tkuh gS vkSj çR;sd fdLr dk
ewY; I gS] rks
I I I I
=P + + + ... +
R R
2
R
3
R
n
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 +
100 100 100 100
7. jsyxkM+h:
;fn Vªsu dh yackbZ = L ehVj vkSj Vªsu dh xfr = S ehVj@lsdsaM] rks Vªsu
i.
}kjk ,d iksy] isM+ vkfn dks ikj djus esa fy;k x;k le; (lsdaM esa) gS]
L
t=
S
;fn Vªsu dh yackbZ = L1 ehVj] Vªsu dh xfr = S ehVj@lsdsaM] vkSj IysViQkWeZ
ii.
;k iqy dh yackbZ = L2 ehVj] rks Vªsu }kjk IysViQkWeZ dks fy;k x;k le;
L1 + L2
(lsdaM esa) gS] t =
S
;fn jsyxkM+h dh yackbZ = L ehVj] jsyxkM+h dh xfr = S1 ehVj@lsdsaM] vkSj
iii.
vkneh dh xfr S2 ehVj@lsdsaM] rks jsyxkM+h }kjk vkneh dks ikj djus esa
L
yxk le; (lsdMa es)a tcfd vkneh Vªus dh fn'kk es py jgk gS] t =
S1 − S 2
1. ;fn A fdlh dk;Z dks m fnuksa esa dj ldrk gS vkSj B mlh dk;Z dks n fnuksa esa
mn
dj ldrk gS] rks A vkSj B feydj mlh dk;Z dks dj ldrs gSa = fnu
m+n
2. ;fn A fdlh dk;Z dks m fnuksa esa dj ldrk gS vkSj A vkSj B feydj mlh
dk;Z dks n fnuksa esa dj ldrs gSa] rks B vdsyk mlh dk;Z dks dj ldrk gS
mn
= fnu
m−n
3. ;fn A ,d dk;Z djus ds fy, A vkSj B ls x fnu vf/d ysrk gS vkSj B
mlh dk;Z dks djus ds fy, A vkSj B ls y fnu vf/d ysrk gS] rks A vkSj
B feydj dk;Z dks iwjk djrs gSa = xy fnu
4. ;fn M1 iq#"k çfr fnu H1 ?kaVs dke djds D1 fnuksa esa W1 dk;Z dj ldrs gSa
vkSj M2 iq#"k çfr fnu H2 ?kaVs dke djds D2 fnuksa esa W2 dk;Z dj ldrs gSa
M 1 D1 H1 M 2 D2 H 2
rks =
W1 W2
5. A vkSj B feydj ,d dk;Z dks iwjk djrs gSaA ;fn A mlh dk;Z dks m fnuksa esa
dj ldrk gS vkSj B mlh dk;Z dks n fnuksa esa dj ldrk gS] rks mudh etnwjh
dk vuqikr = n : m