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005 Systems Development and Program Change Activities

The document discusses the participants and processes involved in systems development. It identifies four main groups that participate: systems professionals, end users, stakeholders, and accountants/auditors. Organizations typically acquire systems through in-house development or purchasing commercial systems. In-house development requires maintaining internal development staff while commercial systems offer benefits like reduced implementation time and cost but lack customization. The systems development life cycle is outlined as having eight phases from planning through maintenance.

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108 views9 pages

005 Systems Development and Program Change Activities

The document discusses the participants and processes involved in systems development. It identifies four main groups that participate: systems professionals, end users, stakeholders, and accountants/auditors. Organizations typically acquire systems through in-house development or purchasing commercial systems. In-house development requires maintaining internal development staff while commercial systems offer benefits like reduced implementation time and cost but lack customization. The systems development life cycle is outlined as having eight phases from planning through maintenance.

Uploaded by

gagahejunior
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Week 006

Systems Development and Program


Change Activities
Participants in Systems Development

The participants in systems development can be classified into four broad groups:

• Systems professionals - systems analysts, systems engineers, and programmers.

• End users - those for whom the system is built.

• Stakeholders - individuals either within or outside the organization who have an interest in the system but are
not end users.

• Accountants/Auditors - those professionals who address the controls, accounting, and auditing issues for
systems development.
Information Systems Acquisition

Organizations usually acquire information systems in two ways:

• they develop customized systems in-house through formal systems development activities

• they purchase commercial systems from software vendors.


In-House Development

• Many organizations require systems that are highly tuned to their unique operations. These firms design their
own information systems through in-house systems development activities.

• In-house development requires maintaining a full-time systems staff of analysts and programmers who identify
user information needs and satisfy their needs with custom systems.
Commercial Systems

• A growing number of systems are purchased from software vendors. Faced with many competing packages,
each with unique features and attributes, management must choose the system and the vendor that best serve
the needs of the organization. Making the optimal choice requires that this be an informed decision.
Types of Commercial Systems

• Turnkey systems - are completely finished and tested systems that are ready for implementation.

• General accounting systems - are designed to serve a wide variety of user needs.

• Special-purpose systems - some software vendors create special-purpose systems that target selected segments
of the economy.

• Office automation systems - Office automation systems are computer systems that improve the productivity of
office workers.

• Backbone systems - provide a basic system structure on which to build.

• Vendor-supported systems – are hybrids of custom systems and commercial software. Under this approach, the
vendor develops (and maintains) custom systems for its clients.
Advantages of Commercial Software

• Implementation Time

• Cost

• Reliability
Disadvantages of Commercial Software

• Independence

• The need for customized systems

• Maintenance
The Systems Development Life Cycle

• Systems Planning—Phase I • Systems Maintenance—Phase VIII

• Systems Analysis—Phase II

• Conceptual Systems Design—Phase III

• System Evaluation and Selection—Phase IV

• Detailed Design—Phase V

• Application Programming and Testing—Phase VI

• System Implementation—Phase VII

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