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Lecture 7

This document discusses pumps and pumping machinery. It classifies pumps based on type of service, power used, and mechanical principles of operation. Centrifugal and turbine pumps are described as being commonly used in water works due to their adaptability and low cost. Deep well turbine and submersible pumps are discussed as examples of well pumps. Air lift pumps are also summarized, noting their advantages of having no submerged mechanical elements but lower efficiency compared to other pumps. The document concludes with reviewing concepts of head loss and pressure in fluid flow through pipes.

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Shayan Abagnale
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50 views5 pages

Lecture 7

This document discusses pumps and pumping machinery. It classifies pumps based on type of service, power used, and mechanical principles of operation. Centrifugal and turbine pumps are described as being commonly used in water works due to their adaptability and low cost. Deep well turbine and submersible pumps are discussed as examples of well pumps. Air lift pumps are also summarized, noting their advantages of having no submerged mechanical elements but lower efficiency compared to other pumps. The document concludes with reviewing concepts of head loss and pressure in fluid flow through pipes.

Uploaded by

Shayan Abagnale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

11/15/2011

Pump and pumping machinery

Chapter 5: Water Supply Engineering by M.A. Aziz

CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

Classification of pumps

Based on type of service Based on power used Based on mechanical


principles of operation
(1) Deep well pumps (1) Steam pumps (1) Displacement pumps
(2) Low lift pumps (2) Gasoline pumps (2) Centrifugal pumps
(3) High lift pumps (3) Diesel pumps (3) Air lift pumps
(4) Booster pumps (4) Electric pumps
(5) Fire service pumps
(6) Stand‐by pumps

Most commonly used in water works Extensively used in modern water works
(no smoke or dust, no noise, economical (relatively cheap, compact and simple
operation, economy in floor space) and adaptable to various kinds of power)

CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

1
11/15/2011

Centrifugal pump Volute pump

Uses centrifugal force to impart energy to water

impeller Turbine pump

Kinetic energy of water is converted to static head


Can be single‐stage, two‐stage or multiple stage
pumps

CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

Well pumps: deep well turbine and submersible pumps

Deep well turbine Submersible pump


‰Motor located at ‰Motor is below the turbine
ground level bowls and submerged at all
‰Service and times
maintenance of the ‰Entire motor pump
motor convenient assembly has to be lifted.
‰Efficiency high ‰Efficiency comparatively less
‰Water can act as a coolant
for the motor parts

CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

2
11/15/2011

Well pumps: Air lift pump


Compressed
Operating principle: that the mixture of air air
and water has a lower specific gravity than
that of water alone.

Effectiveness of the pump depends on the


percentage submergence factor
HS
×100
HL + HS

(best efficiency at 70% while 25% required


for the pump to operate)

Advantages: no submerged mechanical elements,


suitable for crooked/dirty holes where mechanical
parts can be abraded by sand particles

Disadvantages: high HS requirement necessitates diffuser


longer wells, low efficiency (20‐45%), difficult flow
control

CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

Flow through pipes review (Ref. WRE 201)


The energy equation:

P
2 2
p1 V1 p V2 p1 V1
2
p V2
2
+ α1 + z1 = 2 + α 2 + z2 + hL + α1 + z1 + h p = 2 + α 2 + z 2 + hL
γ 2g γ 2g γ 2g γ 2g
HIN HOUT Viscous Pump head
losses
minor losses Major losses
(due to entry, Power (output) or W.H.P. = γh p Q
hL = + (due to pipe
exit, bends, friction)
expansion etc) B.H.P. = W.H.P./efficiency

[α = kinetic energy correction factor (=1 for turbulent flows), p/γ = pressure head, V2/2g = velocity
head, z = elevation head, Q = flowrate, γ = unit weight of water]
CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

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11/15/2011

Flow through pipes review


Minor losses can be estimated using coefficients from this table

Reference: Table 10.5 of Crowe et al “Engineering Fluid Mechanics” (Ninth Edition)

CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

Flow through pipes review

Table 10.5 (continued)

Reference: Table 10.5 of


Crowe et al “Engineering Fluid
Mechanics” (Ninth Edition)

CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

4
11/15/2011

Flow through pipes review (Ref. WRE 201)


L V2
Head loss due to friction = f (Darcy‐Weisbach equation)
D 2g
Moody’s diagram

Relative roughness
Friction factor

R
Reynold’s number
CE331: Environmental Engineering I Dr. Tanvir Ahmed

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