J. K.

SHAH CLASSES Functions

CHAPTER 11
Functions
If two or more variables are related in such a manner so that a change in one are brings
about a corresponding change in the value of other or others then the variables are said to
be functionally related.

• Function is a relationship between variables whereby a change in one variable can be

experienced through a change in the other.

• Function is a special type of Relation

• All Functions are relations but all relations are not functions.

• If x and y are two variables related in such a manner so that a change in x brings
about a corresponding change in the value of y, then y is said to be a function of x
and is mathematically expressed as y =f ( x )

Where x is called the independent variable or the argument and y is called the dependent
variable or the entry.

Few Special Functions:

i. Modulus or Absolute Value function: [y=ƒ( x )= x ]In such a case y is always

positive for all real value of x .

Eg:- ƒ( x )= x ;ƒ(-3)= −3 = 3

ii. Greatest integer function or Step function: [y= ƒ( x )=[x] ] In such a case the value
of y will be the highest integral value contained in x but not exceeding the actual
value of x .

Eg:- ƒ( x )= [ x ];

then, f (3.5) = [3.5] = 3;

and f (−3.5) = [−3.5] = −4

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iii. Odd & Even Function:

For a given function y = f ( x); if

f (− x) = f ( x); then it is an EVEN function
f (− x) = − f ( x); then it is an ODD function
f (− x) ≠ f ( x) ≠ − f ( x); then it is neither Even nor Odd function

Features: f ( x) = x n is even when n is even and is odd when n is odd.

• Every Modulus function is Even
• Every Constant function is even
• Sum, difference, product and quotient of Even function are Even .
• Sum and difference of Odd functions are Odd.
• Product and quotient of Odd functions are Even.
• Product and quotient of an Even and Odd function is Odd
• Sum of an Even & Odd Function is neither Even nor Odd.

Introduction – Basic Concepts

x 2 − 5x + 6
If f ( x ) = then find
x 2 − 8 x + 12
1. f (2)
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) Undefined

2. f (0)

1
a)
3
1
b)
2
1
c)
4
d) None of the above

3. f (a)

a+3
a)
a+6
3−a
b)
a−6
a −3
c)
a−6
a−6
d)
a −3
4.

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4. f (h − 1)

h−4
a)
h−7
h+4
b)
h+7
h−4
c)
h+7
h+4
d)
h−7

5. If f(x) = x2 – x. Find the value of f(h + 1)

a) f(h)
b) f(-h)
c) f(0)
d) None of the above

(For Q. No.6,7,8)
If f(x)=2x2+5x+4
6. Find the value of f(2x)
a) -8x2+10x+4
b) 8x2-10x+4
c) 16x2-20x+4
d) None of the above

7. Find the value of 2f (x)

a) 4x2+10x+8
b) x2+10x+4
c) 4x2−10x+8
d) None of above

8. If f(2x) = 2f(x), then find the value of x.

a) 1
b) –1
c) Both of a) and b) above
d) Neither a) nor b) above

(For Q. No. 9 to 11)

Let f(x) = (x – a) (x – b) (x – c)
9. Find the value of f(a)
a) 0
b) 1
c) –1
d) None of the above

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10. Find the value of f(b)

a) a
b) b
c) 0
d) c

11. Find the value of f(0)

a) abc
b) – abc
c) a + b + c
d) None of the above

(For Q. No. 12 to 14)

Let, f(x) = 5x
12. Find the value of f(x + 2)
a) f(x)
b) 2f(x)
c) 25f(x)
d) None of the above

13. Find the value of f(x – y)

a) f ( x) ∙ f ( y )

f ( x)
b)
f ( y)

c) f ( x) + f ( y )
d) None of the above

14. Find the value of f (log5x)

a) x

b) x2
c) 2x
d) None of these

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(For Q. No. 15 to 18)

2 x 2 + 1; x ≤ 2

 1
f ( x) =  ;2 < x ≤ 3
x−2
2 x − 5; x > 3

15. Find the value of f (−1)

a. 1
b. – 2
c. 3
d. – 3

16. Find the value of f ( 2)

a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7

17. Find the value of f (2.5)

a. – 3
b. 6
c. 9
d. None of the above

18. Find the value of f (4)

a. 3
b. 2
c. 1
d. 0
ax + b 1
19. If f ( x) = . Find the value of f ( x). f   .
bx + a x

a. – 1
b. 0
c. 1
d. None

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(For Q. No. 20 to 22)

x +1
Let y = f ( x) = .
x+2
20. Find the value of f ( y )
2x + 3
a.
3x + 5
2x − 3
b.
3x + 5
2x + 3
c.
3x − 5
2x − 3
d.
3x − 5

1
21. What is the value of f  
 x
x −1
a.
2x + 1
2x −1
b.
2x + 1
x +1
c.
2x + 1
x +1
d.
2x −1

  1 
22. f  f   
  
x

a. 3x – 2 b. 3x + 2 c. x+2 d. x–1
5x + 3 5x + 3 5x + 3 5x + 3

x −1 f ( x) − f ( y )
23. If f ( x) = , find the value of
x +1 1 + f ( x). f ( y )

x− y
a.
1 + xy

x+ y
b.
1 + xy

x− y
c.
1 − xy

x± y
d.
x m xy

 x −b   x−a
24. If f ( x) = a   + b.   , find the value of f (a + b) .
 a − b  b−a
a. f ( a − b) b. 0 c. f (a ) + f (b) d. f (a ). f (b)

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25. Given f ( x − 1) = 7 x − 5 , which of the following represent the value of f ( x + 2)

a. 7 x + 14
b. 7 x + 15
c. 7 x + 16
d. None

26. Given f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c and f (1) = 3, f (2) = 7, f (3) = 13 , find the value of a, b, c .

a. 1, −1, 2
b. 1,1,1
c. −2, 4, −2
d. 1, 2, 2

Self Reflecting Function

ax + b
27. If y = f ( x ) = , then what is the value of f ( y ) .
ax − a

a. 1

b. x

c. xy

d. None

4x − 5
28. Given f ( x) = , find the value of f { f ( x)} .
3x − 4

a. 0
b. 1
c. x
d. x −1

3x − 5
29. Given y = f ( x) = . If f ( y ) = x , find the value of M .
2x − M

a. 3
b. 1
c. – 3
d. None of these

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MODULUS AND GREATEST INTEGER FUNCTIONS

30. Given f ( x) = 3 x + x , find the value of f (3) + f (−3) .

a. 12
b. 6
c. –6
d. 18

31. If f(x) = [x], find the value of f(0) + f(1) + f (1.2) + f(5.02) + f(-3) + f(-2.3) + f(-7.9) + f(9.7) + f(-10.9)
a. 9
b. 18
c. -9
d.-10

32. Given f ( x) = x − [ x ] , find the ratio: f (3.5) : f (−3.5) .

a. 1 : 1
b. 1 : 15
c. 15 : 1
d. 2 : 3
Odd and Even Functions
Mark 1: if the function is EVEN
Mark 2: if the function is ODD
Mark 3: if the function is neither ODD nor EVEN
Mark 4: If it is both EVEN and ODD
33. f ( x) = x 2 + x 4 + x 6
a. 2
b. 1
c. 4
d. 3

34. f ( x) = 4 x + 4− x
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1

 3x + 1 
35. f ( x) = x.  
 3 −1 
x

a. 3
b. 1
c. 4
d. 2
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36. f ( x) = x + x 3 + x 7
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1

37. f ( x) = 3 x3 + x
a. 2
b. 4
c. 1
d. 3
2x + 1
38. f ( x) =
2x −1
a. 3
b. 4
c. 1
d. 2

(
39. f ( x) = log x + x 2 + 1 )
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Cost and Revenue Functions

A text book publisher finds that the production cost of each book is Rs. 30 and that the fixed cost is
Rs. 18000. If each book can be sold for Rs 50, determine:
40. The cost function
a. C ( x) = 30 x + 18000
b. C ( x) = 3x + 1800
c. C ( x) = 10 x + 6000
d. C ( x) = 30 x − 18000

41. The revenue function

a. R( x) = 5 x
b. R( x) = 10 x
c. R( x) = 50 x
d. R( x) = 0.50 x

42. The break-even point.

a. 800
b. 900
c. 950
d. 1050

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Linear / Quadratic Functions

A shopkeeper earns Rs 380 first week, Rs 660 in the second week and Rs 860 in the third week.
On plotting the points (1,380), (2, 660) and (3, 860), the shopkeeper feels that a quadratic function
may fit the data.

43. Which of the following quadratic function fits the data?

a. y = 10 + 200 x − 20 x 2

b. y = 20 − 400 x + 40 x 2

c. y = 20 + 400 x + 40 x 2

d. y = 20 + 400 x − 40 x 2

44. Using your model what would be the earning of the fourth week.

a. 1000

b. 990

c. 970

d. 980

A survey shows that there is a linear function between population of a country and time. In the year
1980, population was 84 crores and in the year 1990 population was 93 crores.

45. Find the linear function between population and time.

a) Y = 48 + 0.9t

b) Y = 84 – 0.9t

c) Y = 84 + 0.9t

d) None of the above

46. Calculate from the obtained linear function, the population of the country would have in the year
2000.

a) 101

b) 103

c) 102

d) 104
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Composite Functions

47. Find gof for f(x) = x and g(x) = |x|

a) x

b) – x

c) |x|

d) None of the above

48. Find gof(1) for f(x)=x2 + 8 & g(x) =3x3 +1

a) 2188

b) 1888

c) 1698

d) 2888

49. Find fog for f(x) = 2x + 3 and g(x) = x2 + 5.

a. 2x2 + 14

b. 4x2 + 12x

c. 4x + 14

d. 2x2 + 13

50. Find gof for f(x) = x2 + 8 and g(x) = 3x3 + 1

a. 3 (x2 + 8)3 + 1

b. 3x6 + 2x4 + 1

c. (x2 + 2x)

d. None of the above

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Inverse Function

51. If y = f(x) = 2x + 3, Find the following:

a. f-1(x)

b. f-1(y)

c. f-1(x-1)

d. [f(x)]-1

e. f[f-1(x)]

f. f-1[f(x)]

52. If f(x) = x3 – 3, then f-1(24) : f-1(5) = ?

a. 2:3

b. 24 : 5

c. 3:2

d. Cannot Say

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