SLEEPING HABITS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12 HUMANITIES

AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL FOR SCHOOL

YEAR 2022-2023

A Research

Presented to

Senior High School Department

Barobo National High School

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Program

Practical Research 2

By:

Joesa Gascon, Ann Nicole Martin, Mariel Lozano

Jhonpaul Toribio, Rey Jhune Adlao, Ray Saliling

April 19, 2023

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

People live in a mathematical world. Whenever they decide on a purchase,

choose insurance or health plan, or use a spreadsheet, they rely on mathematical

understanding. The World Wide Web, CD-ROMs, and other media disseminate vast

quantities of quantitative information. However, the level of mathematical thinking and

problem solving needed in the workplace has increased dramatically. In such a world,

those who understand and can-do mathematics will have opportunities that others do

not. As observed, mathematical competence opens doors to productive futures, while a

lack of mathematical competence closes those doors.

Students have different abilities, needs, and interests. Yet everyone needs to be

able to use Mathematics in his or her personal life, in the workplace, and in further

study. All students deserve an opportunity to understand the power and beauty of

Mathematics. Students need to learn a new set of Mathematics basics that enable them

to compute fluently and to solve problems creatively and resourcefully.

It has taken such a long time to discover the importance of Mathematics in the

world. The discoveries lead the people to more technological or what was called

industrial era, wherein the different usage of technological devices occurred. In this era,

application of Mathematics helps to develop and invent such technological devices.

Through these applications, people’s lives became easier. Nowadays, Mathematics is

the key to all Sciences.

cognitive processing, and memory integration.On the other hand, lack of sleep has been

associated with emotional instability and impaired concentration.10 In this regard,

students are particularly at risk of developing sleep disorders and development of the

disorder among them has a negative effect on their academic performance across

different grades,11–13 However, there is no consensus in this case and not all studies

state that sleep disorders yield a negative effect on academic performance. Eliasson

(2010) believes that the time it takes to fall asleep and waking up affect academic

performance more than duration of sleep does.14

In another study, the author believes stress from lack of sleep causes poor school

performance.17 On the other hand, in a systematic review, the authors could not

establish a cause and effect relationship between sleep quality and academic

performance.2 In their meta-analysis study, Dewald and colleagues (2010) emphasized

that because of the diversity of the methodology of studies, it is impossible to definitely

derive a relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, and thus more

longitudinal intervention studies are warranted.1 According to different conclusions in

this respect, the researchers decided to determine the relationship between sleep

quality and academic performance among students at Kermanshah University of

Medical Sciences.
Teens and adolescents often face difficulties at school if sleep deprived. School can be

demanding and sometimes one needs to stay up late for doing homework or other

assignments. They stay up late finishing mandatory assignments and wake up early to

go to school. The average amount of sleep they may get during the week can be as little

as 4-5 hours per night. They feel tired during the lessons and nothing seems to be

staying in mind. They just want to go home and take a nap which leads later to the late-

night studying. This is not so uncommon cycle among the students. School is now more

demanding than ever before and it contributes to the sleep deprivation.

The study attempts to determine the factors affecting Academic performance of

GRADE 12 HUMSS students at Barobo National High School Academic Year 2022-

2023.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the effects of sleeping habits to grade 12 HUMSS students and their

performance in Barobo National High School?

2. What is the difference in sleeping habits between male and female grade- 12

HUMSS students in Barobo National High School?

3. What is the relationship between sleeping habits and behavior of HUMANITIES AND

SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 students?

1.3 Theoretical Framework

Dinges and Kribbs, 1991). Although the hypothesis has some measure of

explanatory power, evidence from experiments of chronic sleep restriction (Dinges et

fun

ctioning that occur over time. For example, the increasing variability of reaction times on

the Psychomotor Vigilance Test as the number of hours of sleep loss increases would

not be predicted by the lapse hypothesis alone.

An alternative hypothesis is the “wake-state instability” theory, which posits that waking-

state function degrades after sleep deprivation both because of lapses in attention and

a decrease in tonic aspects of functioning. These global deficits in cognitive functioning

account for the increased variability in performance, as well as the observed slowing of

fastest or optimal responses.

Asken and Raham, 1983; Orton and Gruzeller, 1989. have found that reduced

sleep is associated with increased negative and decreased positive emotional

responses to specific events, but the uncontrolled nature of these studies allows for

alternative interpretations of these results. Other than simple subjective self-report

measures of affect, there are few laboratory-based studies on affective reactions in

sleep-deprived humans.

Alexander Borbély (1982) the leading paradigm used to predict the effects of sleep

and sleep deprivation on human cognition and performance. This model consists of a

circadian oscillator with a period of slightly over 24 hours, as well as a homeostatic

process (reflecting sleep pressure) that builds exponentially during periods of

wakefulness and dissipates exponentially during periods of sleep. These two processes

interact to promote alertness in the day and sleep during the night. It has been
suggested that waking cognitive function can be mathematically modeled as the

difference between the quantitative states of the circadian and homeostatic processes

(Mallis, 2004).
1.4 Conceptual Framework

The major concept of this study is focused on factors affecting Sleeping Habits

and Academic Performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Students

Figure 1; shows the relationship of input variables which contain the extent of the

student-related and the extent of the teacher-related factors. While in the process

contains the survey, data gathering, data analysis, and data interpretation. And output

variables contain the analysis of student-related factors and teacher- related factors.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Extent of the Student- Survey Student-related factors

related

Extent of the teacher- Data gathering Teacher-related factors

related

Data analysis

Data interpretation

FIGURE 1. A conceptual paradigm shows the relationship of students' sleeping

habits and their academic performance in student-related factors and teacher-related

factors.
1.5 Hypothesis

The following are the null hypothesis of this research:

There is no significant relationship between student’s Sleeping Habits and

Academic performance.
 1.6 Significance of the Study

The result of the study will merit the following:

School Administrator. The result of this study could serve as a baseline data to

improve program for school advancement.

Curriculum Planner/Instructional Leader. The result of this study will help

them appraise the existing programs in terms of the student’s needs and abilities and

make changes as required.

Guidance Councilor/Advocate. This study will help develop the guidance

program in line with individual needs and abilities of the students.

Facilitators/Teachers. The result of this study may serve as an eye opener to

create and innovates instructional materials, and to use varied appropriate teaching

strategies.

Students. This study will help the students develop their interest toward

Mathematics and appreciate the importance of Mathematics in their daily lives.

Parents. Who are directly concerned with the education of their children

considering school performance in different discipline.

Future Researchers. The result of this study can serve as basis for further study

on teaching learning activities and students academic performance.

The main purpose of the study is to gather information regarding sleeping habits

and how sleeping habits affect the academic performance of grade 12 HUMSS

students. The study consider the students of personal information such as their name

(optional, gender, age ad section)

The research study is limited to 169 male and female Humanities and Social Sciences

Students enrolled in 2022 to 2023 at Barobo National High School. Each of the

respondents will be given a questionnaire to 6 different sections to prevent bias and

acquire or gain objective viewpoints.

For better clarification and understanding of the terms related to this study, the

following terms are defined conceptually and operationally.

Academic Performance. This refers to the degree or capacity of students’

knowledge in Mathematics.

Instructional Materials. This refers to motivating techniques that teaching

materials or equipment used. It can be a high technology or simple materials that can

use in learning preference.

Interest. This refers to the amount of the students’ dislike or like of particular

things.

Study Habits. This refers to usual form or action of a person in studying.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE

This chapter aims to provide strong foundation to this study which contains

gathered research works of different literature and references by the researchers. It covers the

review of relevant literatures which is explained accordingly. These are presented to determine

the connection of various findings and theories in relation to the independent and dependent

variables.

According toA. Eliasson, A. Eliasson, J. King, B. Gould, A. Eliasson (2002)Poor school

performance by adolescent students has been attributed in part to insufficient sleep. It is

recognized that a number of factors lead to diminished total sleep time and chief among these are

early school start times and sleep phase delay in adolescence. Political initiatives are gaining

momentum across the United States to require later school start times with the intent of

increasing total sleep time and consequently improving school performance.

According to Theresa Fisher (2017) Good sleep habits correspond to academic success. The link

between hitting the sack and scoring A's bears out in grade school, graduate school and

everywhere in between. This general trend shouldn’t be surprising, given that the well-rested

display a host of skills and behavioral tendencies relevant to classroom domination. Compared to

sleepstarved people, they exhibit faster reaction times, sharper recollection, heightened focusing

abilities and a higher threshold for working under stress. Here are seven interesting takeaways

from research on students young and old(er).

school performance has been documented for sleepy adolescents.

2.2 RESEARCH LITERATURE

Local Literature

In a Philippine newspaper, The Philippine Daily Inquirer stated that Filipinos are the most sleep

deprived people in Asia.

According to Leodinas (2012), every students should have about eight to ten hours of sleep

before taking and examination to have a better performance and adding a nap in the afternoon

will also help improve your memory.

However, academic performance refers to how students deal with their studies and how they

accomplish different task given to them by their teachers (Banquil,2009). It also refers on how

students deal with their studies and how they cope with different factors affecting their

performance. Academic performance can also refer to how well a student meets standards set out

by local government and the institution itself.

The quality of our sleep directly affects the quality of our waking life, including our productivity,

emotional balance, physical vitality and even our weight. Therefore, sleep is an essential human

need and not a luxury, because it is in the state of rest that our brain oversees the great work of

biological maintenance to keep our bodies in good condition. Mild sleep deprivation does not

cause serious impairment but chronic sleep deprivation does. Additionally, sleep loss has been
shown to be inversely proportional to academic performance when one fails to receive an

adequate amount of sleep on a nightly basis, the literature states that an individual‘s skills is

learning capacity, such as memory, attention and problem solving skills are effected the most.

Sleep deprivation can also lead to daytime sleepiness. When this factors are all being faced,

students are likely achieve lower test scores and lower grade point averages. However, it has

been shown that cognitive function is not hindered as drastically when the individuals are

working in groups as when working alone(Arendt, Chiang H

Local Studies

According to Velasco (2015), the one major phenomenon that has been gradually eroding the

health of the Philippines is lack of sleep. From the effects of unbearable traffic to the explosion

of the business process outsourcing industry to the geometric rise of internet usage nationwide,

millions Filipino are choosing to sleep less and less, with dangerous effects. We seem to think

that staying awaketo finish work is the lesser evil. It isn‘t. it is a danger we have to address, and

soon. Awake to finish work is the lesser evil. It isn‘t. it is a danger we have to address,and

soon.anisch, & Zheng, 2014)

However, all students are required to maintain a satisfactory academic recordand meet the

obligations. Many studies in the past have shown that sleepdeprivation does correlate with poor

academic performance because of lowerabilities in cognition as a result of poor sleep quality. In

the study done by Gilbertand Weaver (2010)., the two researchers found that sleep loss interferes

with a student‘s academic, extracurricular nd vocational choices.

According to the National of Neurological and Stroke, Sleep is an important part of you daily

routine you spend about one-third of your time doing it. Quality sleep and getting enough of it at

the right times is as essential to survival as food and water. Without sleep you can‘t form or

mountain the pathways in your brain that let you learn and create new memories, and it‘s harder

to concentrate and respond quickly.

Sleep deprivation is a term meaning loss of sleep. Drummond and Mckenna (2009), stated that

sleep deprivation in humans can be broadly classified into three categories, total sleep

deprivation, partial sleep deprivation, and sleep fragmentation that carrying out tasks that require

attention is direct correlation to the number of hours the person sleep each night; with these

function decling with the number hour of sleep deprivation.

The optimal amount of sleep for a teenager is approximately nine hours(Noland 225; Epstein;

school of public health 18). If a teenager sleeps less than nine hours then they may experience

sleep deprivation (Bergin 45; school of public health 18). Therefore, a student‘s academic ability,

behavior, or physical potential can be affected by sleep deprivation (Bergin 45; Black 34;

Gibson,Powles, and Thabane; school of public health 19). Hence, a student‘s grade willdrop if

they continually miss sleep (Black 35; Epstein; Noland 224.). Sleep deprivation could also cause

health problems by increasing stress and obesity(Blank 35; Epstein; Noland 224).

According to Gaultney (2010), sleep pattern or disorders among students may vary depending on

one‘s age and gender. It was reported that sleep disorders in adults tend to increase with age, but

they may also occur among students.

Foreign Studies
According to school of public health studies, 70% to 83% of students do not obtain the optimal

level of sleep. Due in caffeinated beverages and leisure time activities it lead to students staying

up to late part of students staying up late doing a homework and studying.

Sleep deprivation adversely affects the brain and cognitive function. The results of the study

showed that ,in sleep intersubjects, more activity was found in certain areas of the prefrontal

cortex of the brain. The prefrontal context is an area of the brain that supports such mental

faculties as logical and practical (‗means-ends‘) reasoning and working memory. These results

were interpreted by the researcher as indicating that, in order to complete a specific task, the

average non-sleep-deprived subjects brain needed to exert a lot more effort than the brain of an

average non-sleep-deprived person. They were able to infer from these results that the brains of

sleep-deprived people were trying to compensate for the adverse affects created by sleep

deprivation.

Arendt S., Chiang Y., Hanisch K. & Zheng T. (2014). The effect of sleep on academic

performance and job performance. Rretrieved on July 29, 2019 from

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/prin/csj/2014/00000048/00000001/a rt0000 Banquil K.

(2009) School performance, social networking effects and learning of school children. Retrieved

on July 30, 2019 from www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585317302769#b0060

Velasco B. (2015). The sleep deprived nation. Retrived on July 28, 2019 from

https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/09/25/1504100/sleep-deprived-nation/ amp/ Gilbert S.P.

& Weaver C.C. (2010) Sleep quality and academic performance in university students: A wake-

up call for college psychologists. Retrived on July 30, from 2019 from

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.researchgate.net/publication
( Zeitzer, J. (2016). Sleep Deprived suffer performance loss, according to new study.

https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2017/01/26/sleepdeprived-suffer-performance-loss-according-to-

newstudy/ ( Peters, B. MD. (2013). what are the consequences of sleep deprivation?

http://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2013/07/11/what-arethe-consequences-of-sleep-deprivation/

( Nathan. (2015). The effects of Sleep Deprivation on Online University Students’ Performance.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Thw-Effectsof-Sleep-Deprivation-on-Online-

CortBlackson/8d01823f46c0f6a50798678d8894c5dea583e5d ( Andersson. et. at. (2014). The

effects of Sleep Deprivation on Online University Students’ Performance.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Thw-Effectsof-Sleep-Deprivation-on-Online-

CortBlackson/8d01823f46c0f6a50798678d8894c5dea583e5d ( Philippine inquirer. (2015).

Students need more sleep. https://www.google.com/amp/s/opinion.inquirer.net/69 035/students-

need-more-sleep/amp ( Knight, V. (2017). Study links college students' grades to sleep

schedules. https://cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2017/06/13/col lege-students-grades-sleep-

schedules.html ( Velasco, B. (The Philippine Star). (2015). This sleep-deprived nation.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.philstar.com/opini on/2015/09/25/1504100/sleep-deprived-

nation/amp/ ( ―Effects of Lack of Sleep to Students of Philippine State College,” 2013

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Effects-of-Lack-ofSleep-to-Students-P35RWZE36YYS
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains various methodologies that were used in gathering data and

analysis which are relevant to the research. The methodologies will include areas such

as the location of the study, research design, sampling and sample size, types of data

and data collection method.

3.1 Research Design

This study will employ the correlational research design to the extent of the relationship

of sleeping habits and academic performance of HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL

SCIENCES OF BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL using statistical data.

With a correlational design, the researchers might examine the association between the

number of hours students sleep and their academic performance. As a result, the

researchers used learn something about the relationship between sleeping habits and

how will students learn and remember information.

The locale of the study conducted in BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, BAROBO

SURIGAO DEL SUR. A public educational institutional located in Surigao del sur. It was

established in 1978 thought republic act 19155. The school offers the TVL strand and

the STEM, ABM, and HUMSS strands for senior high school. There are 3 buildings for

the senior high school, the school facilities need not just from the HUMSS strand it has

a laboratory for STEM, computer lab for CSS, and others. The school has a delectable

connection to all HUMSS students.

The research instrument used in this study were survey questionnaires. The

questionnaires were designed using closed-ended questions. This is a type of research

instrument that gathers data of large sample. The items in the first section sought

demographic information about the respondents such as age and experience. The

second part sought information on sleeping habits and academic performance of

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES students in BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL.

The questionnaire- checklist obtained the students’ level of interest in sleeping

presented five (4) statements and the students’ study habits presented (10) situations.

These were given one set of five checkboxes each. The five checkboxes were ranked

as:
4 – Strongly Disagree

3 – Disagree

2 – Strongly Agree

1 - Agree
3.4 Respondents

The respondents were chosen through statistical random samples of all the sections. All

enrollees in Grade 12 HUMSS are chosen population.

Sections No. of Students No.Of Percentage

Respondents

HUMSS 1 45 26 10%

HUMSS 2 50 29 17%

HUMSS 3 47 27 16%

HUMSS 4 52 30 18%

HUMSS 5 48 27 16%

HUMSS 6 52 30 18%

Total 294 169 100%

Ask the approval. The researchers asked for approval from their respective teachers

who oversee the research. It was to know whether the study will be accepted. They

checked if there were further connections and revisions to be made before the

conducting of research.

Make questionnaire. When the study was approved, the researchers started working

on their questionnaire basing their questions on the theories they found. The

researchers used related questions to be able to achieve the respective goal of the

study.

Distributions. After the questionnaire has been made, the researchers distributed the

questionnaire to each section in grade 12 HUMSS. The number of students chosen in

each class was retrieved using statistical random sampling method.

Analyze data. The researchers collected the questionnaire distributed from the grade

12 HUMSS respondents. Each questionnaire was checked by the researchers and have

the data gathered. Also, analyzed and had the answers.

The researchers used the results of the questionnaires answered by the grade 12

HUMSS students in Barobo National High School in School Year 2022-2023, to identify

the factors that being researched. They also used test to track whether there is a

significant relation between the sleeping habits and academic performance of grade 12

HUMSS students according to any percentage.