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Lecture - Polymorphism

This document discusses polymorphism in Java, which can be achieved through method overloading and method overriding. Method overriding allows subclasses to provide specific implementations of methods declared in superclasses, and is an example of runtime polymorphism. Method overloading involves creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. The document also discusses constructor overloading, operator overloading in Java using the + operator, and polymorphic variables that can refer to different types.

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Mehwish
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43 views13 pages

Lecture - Polymorphism

This document discusses polymorphism in Java, which can be achieved through method overloading and method overriding. Method overriding allows subclasses to provide specific implementations of methods declared in superclasses, and is an example of runtime polymorphism. Method overloading involves creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. The document also discusses constructor overloading, operator overloading in Java using the + operator, and polymorphic variables that can refer to different types.

Uploaded by

Mehwish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented Programming

Introduction to Java
Lecture# 12
Polymorphism in Java (OOP concepts)

Batch: NUML BSCS [2nd semester]


Lecture Slides by Engr. Mehwish Shaikh
Introduction to Java Programming Language

Polymorphism in Java

Polymorphism in Java can be achieved in two ways


i.e., method overloading and method overriding.
Polymorphism in Java is mainly divided into two types.
Compile-time polymorphism can be achieved by method
overloading, and Runtime polymorphism can be
achieved by method overriding.
Introduction to Java Programming Language

Java Method Overriding

During inheritance in Java, if the same method is present in


both the superclass and the subclass. Then, the method in
the subclass overrides the same method in the superclass.
This is called method overriding.

The method that is called is determined during the


execution of the program. Hence, method overriding is
a run-time polymorphism.
Example 1: Polymorphism using method overriding
Introduction to Java Programming Language

Java Method Overloading

In a Java class, we can create methods with the same


name if they differ in parameters. For example,

This is known as method overloading in Java. Here, the


same method will perform different operations based
on the parameter.
Example 2: Polymorphism using method overloading
Java Constructor Overloading

Constructor overloading is based on the concept of


polymorphism, where different constructors with the
same name but different parameter lists can be called
based on the arguments passed during object creation.
This enables the class to accommodate different
scenarios and simplify object instantiation.
Introduction to Java Programming Language

Java Operator Overloading


Some operators in Java behave differently with different operands.
For example,

• + operator is overloaded to perform numeric addition as well as


string concatenation, and

• operators like ‘&’ , ‘|’ , ‘!’ are overloaded for logical and bitwise
operations.

In languages like C++, we can define operators to work differently


for different operands. However, Java doesn't support user-defined
operator overloading.

Let's see how we can achieve polymorphism using operator


overloading.
Introduction to Java Programming Language

The ‘+’ operator is used to add two entities. However, in


Java, the ‘+’ operator performs two operations.
1. When ‘+’ is used with numbers (integers and floating-
point numbers), it performs mathematical addition.

2. When we use ‘+’ operator with strings, it will perform string


concatenation (join two strings).
Introduction to Java Programming Language

Polymorphic Variables

A variable is called polymorphic if it refers to different


values under different conditions.

Object variables (instance variables) represent the


behavior of polymorphic variables in Java. It is
because object variables of a class can refer to
objects of its class as well as objects of its subclasses.

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