IOSR Journal Of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)

e-ISSN: 2278-4861.Volume 15, Issue 1 Ser. I (Jan. – Feb. 2023), PP 01-04

www.Iosrjournals.Org

What is light?
M. Helmy Said
Said_mohamed@hotmail.com

Abstract
We introduce a new definition of light
Keywords
Light, definition of light, the theoretical physics, , photon, speed of light, neutrinos, electrons, electromagnetic
waves, the photoelectric effect, acceleration, Newton, [1] Lorentz [2] Transformation equation for the fourth
dimension, Solitary waves, Maxwell's [3] equations, Max Planck, [4] Equations Einstein's [5] equations for
photoelectricity and M. Helmy Said, [6], Transformation equations for the fifth dimension, [7] Infinity theory
for the Fifth Dimension.
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Date of Submission: 02-01-2023 Date of Acceptance: 15-01-2023
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I. Introduction
I am sure that if we ask natural scientists:
Do we have an accurate definition of light?
Without exception they will unanimously say: “Yes”.
And that is one of the major dilemmas in the theoretical physics. When we put a definition and it is not accurate
or complete and another scientist comes with a more general and integrated definition, then they deny it for a
long time before accepting the new definition. That is the problem of definitions and not a problem of laws
because laws come after the definitions mostly.
But when we put these current definitions of light under the microscope of research and investigation, we will
find things that do not correspond to the reality of them.
1- How can a photon have no mass and still travel at the speed of light?
And if it has a mass, does this contradict with the transformation equation for the fourth dimension,,,,,
(Lorentz).
2- How can a neutrino travel at the speed of light or faster than it, with a mass of 1/1000000 of the mass of
an electron?
3- How could the electromagnetic waves move at the speed of light when they carry electrons! They do not
have the same component as light in the current definition.
4- In the transformation equations for the fifth dimension, we find a special case that the speed of particles is
equal to the speed of light, so why is that? What can we deduce from that equation? [6]
I do not need to refute the error of all previous definitions of light because my definition will set you on the path
to understand the error of those who preceded me.
What is light in the current definition? What is the greatest amount of information that science has reached?
Newton believed in the eighteenth century that the light is a large group of very small bodies known as the
particle model of light. He did not know anything about the nature of these particles and then in the nineteenth
century it became clear that the light is electromagnetic waves. It consists of two perpendicular, oscillating
electric and magnetic fields and it moves at the speed of light (Maxwell's). But the wave theory could not
explain all the phenomena and experiments that were conducted on light at the end of the nineteenth century.
Max Planck was able to explain the emission of radiation from hot bodies and to assume there is particle image
of radiation and he called it the particle of light or Electromagnetic radiation (Photon). He concluded that light
contains from the wave and particle, as he showed that the energy of the photon is proportional to the frequency
of the electromagnetic wave. The constant of proportionality was defined later as
Planck's constant, (E=hf). Now light is considered as dual as it is a wave at the time and a particle at other time.

Here, I see no justification for listing all the definitions of light from the Greeks in the fifth century
BC, through Huygens, Maxwell, Faraday, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and quantum theory as well. Because
I am not applying for a doctorate, but it is a new topic. I have no objection to what has been proven by
experience and scientific evidence in the phenomena of light such as reflection, refraction, scattering,
interference, polarization, emission, absorption, the photoelectric phenomenon and Iceland Crystal. It can only

DOI: 10.9790/4861-1501010104 www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page

 What is light?

be shown that all the laws that hold light rays, that is, the laws of above are also true for thermal rays

Content
Q: Why do photons move at all? In other words, why do photons move away from their source?
This is a question that looks at the basic principles of modern physics.
I can give a straightforward answer based on solving Maxwell's equation in vacuum with some quantum sauce
added. But that wouldn't really explain why on a basic level you see this question hit the core of what modern
physics is about.

James Clerk Maxwell

came up with his bold hypothesis that light was electromagnetic. His theory of electricity led him to the
conclusion that every electrical disturbance travel from its source through space in waves at a speed of 300,000
Km/sec, and this figure taken from purely electrical measurements coincides with the amount of speed of light
that prompts him to regard the light as an electromagnetic disturbance.
The only evidence for the validity of this view lies in the fact that all inferences drawn from it are in agreement
with observation. The principal advance associated with his proposal lies in the enormous simplification of the
theory and in the number of conclusions that can be drawn immediately from it.

Einstein's equations for photoelectric effects

Einstein created a set of equations for the photoelectric effect, which he included in his research papers. First,
Einstein found that the energy of a photon is equal to the energy needed to liberate the electron plus the kinetic
energy of the emitted electron.
h*v=W +E
• h: It is Planck's constant.
• V: is the frequency of the photon.
• W: work done and represents the minimum energy required to liberate an electron from the surface of the
metal.
• E: is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron. The kinetic energy of an electron is given by:
E = ½ mv2
• m: represents the mass of the liberated electron.
• v: is the speed of this electron.

Max Planck equations

E = h * v E = h *C/

I’ve seen this misinterpretation of photons so often.

As we know from the laws of physics and Max Planck specifically, the difference between the energies of light
is only the wavelength.

The study of hypothesis and its results

I want to give new definition of light which is:
Solitary waves, waves that maintain their shape and speed while propagating with constant velocity (they are
ubiquitous in nature and have many applications in nonlinear dynamics), have existed since the Big Bang and
they fill all parts of the universe.

There is no particle that moves by itself to reach the speed of light, but at the same time there are elementary
particles that can ride the wave of light. Each particle likes a certain vibration, and it finds it, like a machine that
sorts the fruits or potatoes in terms of their sizes.
Thereby we can explain the different colors of light and all radiations, such as alpha, beta, gamma, X ray and
others. Each has its own mission and function in influencing the natural phenomena in the universe.

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 What is light?

Figure No. 1

For example: When the feather moves from the center of the wave in the previous image, it floats on the surface
of the water at the speed of the wave. Can we say that the feather has speed?
Or do we say that the feather does not move, but rather floats at the speed of the wave?
And if we made this wave, and in the middle, there was a piece of wood and a leaf and an ostrich feather. Will
they all exit the center at the same speed and without the need for self-energy?
Thus, we can eliminate doubts about:
1- Why does light have no acceleration?
2- Why are the shadows not equal in the presence of more than one source of light?
3- Why do masses of particles traveling at the speed of light and not follow the transformation equation for
the fourth dimension?
4- Why does light excite the electrons of the metallic surface?
5- Why does light bend in the presence of a big mass? If a photon is massless, why it bends to an object with
a big mass?
6- Why do bodies not need strength to swim with the sustained wave?
I believe that the universe or universes are the focus of the study of theoretical physics. Accordingly, I say that
there are vibrations that are Solitary waves, and do not fade away. And these vibrations at the highest point of
the pyramid are the speed of Anoor (replacing Ether in the old term) = 9 * 10 power 12 km / s, then a speed
specific to each of the seven universes (see my published paper {7}, then the speed of light = 300,000 km / s,
the speed of separation = 212132 km
/ s (the speed of light divided by the square root of 2), then the speed of sound, and from here we can say that
the Ether that carries all frequencies and subatomic objects is the speed of Anoor and it is the top of the pyramid
= 9 * 10 power 12 km\sec.
The most important requirement for a scientific theory is consistency Each movement system has a different
objective time.

II. Conclusions
From the foregoing, I can say that with this new definition of light, we will get rid of a large and
accumulated legacy of misunderstand- ings that do not contradict experimental results in the light of previ- ous
definitions. Thus, we close the door to many naive questions in physics that create confusion more than finding
correct concepts about a phenomenon that is one of the most important natural phe- nomena in the universe.

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 What is light?

Figuer No. 2

The first image of light in its wave and particle states.

References
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[2]. Takuwa, Y., Historia scientiarum 2013, 23, 113–140.
[3]. Newton, I., Opticks, William Innys, 1730 (1704).
[4]. Hooke, R., The History of the Royal Society 1757 (1672), 3, 10–15.

Lorentz, [2]
[5]. ] Nima, A.B. (2013) Remarks around Lorentz Transformation.
[6]. https://hal.inria.fr/file/index/docid/875708/filename/Remarks_around_Lo- rentz_Transformation.pdf

Maxwell, [3]
[7]. Goldman, Martin. The Demon in the Aether: The Story of James Clerk
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Einstein, [5]
[13]. 1- Libre texts. (2022, April 21). 2.3: Photoelectric effect. Chemistry LibreTexts. 2- Elert, G. (n.d.). Photoelectric effect. The
Physics Hypertextbook.
[14]. Libretexts. (2021, December 26). 6.2: Quantization: Planck, Einstein, energy, and photons. Chemistry LibreTexts.
[15]. Ling, S. J., Sanny, J., & Moebs, W. (2016). Chapter 6.2/Photoelectric Effect . In University Physics Volume 3. OpenStax.

M. Helmy Said, [6]

[16]. Transformation equations for the fifth dimension https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.4992770#

M. Helmy Said [7]

[17]. Infinity Theory for the Fifth Dimension
[18]. https://www.globalscientificjournal.com/journal_volume8_is- sue3_March_2020_edition_p4.html

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