Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Secondary 1 Express Mathematics

Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Name: _______________________________ ( ) Class: ______ Date: _____________

Syllabus Learning Outcomes

Types of angles:
 Right, acute, reflex and obtuse angles
 Complementary and supplementary angles
Angle properties:
 Vertically opposite angles
 Angles on a straight line
 Angles at a point
Angles formed by two parallel lines & a transversal:
 Corresponding angles
 Alternate angles
 Interior angles

10.1 Basic geometrical concepts and notations

HBL:
A. Points, Lines and Planes TB 1B,
pg 76-77
Points
• Has a position but has neither size nor shape
• Position of point marked by cross (×)
• Use capital letters to name points

Lines
• Line segment AB is formed by joining two points A and B together (endpoints)
• Line is formed when line segment is extended in both directions indefinitely
• Rays are lines which have only one endpoint and extend indefinitely in only one direction
• Two lines/ line segments intersect when they have a common point i.e. they cross each other

Example: Identify the points and different kinds of lines in the diagram below.
C

B
Planes
• A flat surface in which any two points are joined by a line that lies entirely on the surface

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

B. Angles HBL:
TB 1B,
An angle is formed when two lines meet at a point. pg 78-80

Must know
how to
denote
angles
correctly

Right angle and straight line

Acute, obtuse and reflex angles

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Complementary angles
Two angles are complementary if they add up to 90o.

∠a + ∠b
= 50° + 40°
a = 90°
b
Therefore ∠a and ∠b are complementary angles.

Example:
The following diagrams show pairs of complementary angles. Find the value of θ in each case.

47°

θ 51.5°
θ

Supplementary angles
Two angles are supplementary if they add up to 180o.

∠a + ∠b
= 60° + 120°
= 180°

a b Therefore ∠a and ∠b are supplementary angles.

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

10.2 Angle Properties ***Must be stated clearly in working!***

(Property 1) Adjacent angles on a straight line

HBL:
Adjacent angles on the same line add up to 180°.
TB 1B,
Write: (adj. ∠ s on a str. line) or ( ∠ s on a str. line) pg 80-82

Example: Find the angle θ.

124°
θ

Practice Questions:
1. Find the unknown angle in each of the following diagrams.
(a) (b)

63° θ x
84°

2. Find the value of a in the diagram.

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

(Property 2) Angles at a point

Angles at a point add up to 360°.

Write: (∠s at a point) or ( ∠ s at a pt.)

Practice Questions:
3. Given the following figure, find the value of x.

35°

131° x°

4. Given the following figure, find the value of x.

x°
2x°
2x°

4x°

(Property 3) Vertically opposite angles

Vertically opposite angles are formed when two straight lines intersect each other.
Vertically opposite angles are equal.

Write: (vert. opp. ∠ s)

∠p = ∠r (vert. opp. ∠s)

∠q = ∠s (vert. opp. ∠s)

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Practice Questions:
5. In the diagram below, AB, CD and EF are straight lines.
Calculate the values of x, y and z, stating your reasons clearly.

D
A

E F

C B

6. In the diagram below, AB and CD are straight lines. Find the value of x.

x°
A
35°
110°
B

Homework #1
Level Ex 10A (TB 1B pg 83 ) Estimated Time Date Assigned:
3d, 4d, 5d, 7d 25 min _____________
Date Due:
8, 10a, 12d, 13 _____________
* You are required to draw the diagram next to your working.

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

10.3 Angles Formed by 2 Parallel Lines and a Transversal

When 2 lines on the same plane do not intersect, they are called ________________ lines.
When a line intersects 2 other lines, the line is called a __________________ .
The diagram below shows 2 parallel lines cut by a transversal.

HBL:
TB 1B,
pg 85-87

• ∠b and ∠f are called corresponding angles. (Other pairs: ∠a and ____ , ∠d and ____ ,
∠g and ____ )
• ∠d and ∠f are called alternate angles. (Other pairs: ∠c and ____ )
• ∠c and ∠f are called interior angles. (Other pairs: ∠d and ____ )

Angle Properties
When 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
(Property 4) the corresponding angles are equal
Write: (corr. ∠s, // lines) or (corr. ∠s)

(Property 5) the alternate angles are equal

Write: (alt. ∠s, // lines) or (alt. ∠s)

(Property 6) the interior angles are supplementary/add up to 180°

Write: (int. ∠s, // lines) or (int. ∠s)

∠a =∠e ∠d =∠f e 180°

∠d + ∠=
∠b =∠f ∠c =∠e f 180°
∠c + ∠=
∠c =∠g
∠d =∠h
*IMPORTANT: REMEMBER TO STATE ANGLE PROPERTIES IN WORKING!
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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

7. In the figure, AB and CD are parallel lines. BEF is a straight line. ∠DEF = 40°.
Find the value of x and of y, stating your reasons clearly.

B E 40°
F
y° x°

A
C

8. The lines AB and CDEF are parallel. ∠CDB = 115° and ∠DBE = 70° .
Stating your reasons clearly, find the value of
(a) x,
(b) y,
(c) z. A B
y°
70°

z°
C D E F
x°

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

9. In the figure, ABC // DEF. ∠ABX = 35° and ∠XED = 53°. Find reflex angle BXE.

B
A C
35°

53°
D F
E

See:
TB pg 89,
worked eg 5

10.  = 35° . Find

In the figure, AB // CD and S is a point on AB with ST // DB. ABD
 ,
(a) reflex C DB
 .
(b) AST
T

A B
S 35°

C D

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

11. (a) Find the values of a, b, c and d in the figure below.

(b) What type of angle is c°?
[a = 7, b = 5.25, c = 124, d = 215]

Homework #2
Level Ex 10B (TB 1B Page 91)) Estimated Time Date Assigned:
2a, 3a, 3d 25 min _____________
Date Due:
5, 8 _____________
* You are required to draw the diagram next to your working.

*** Remember to state all your reasons clearly!***

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Extra Practice Questions:

12. Find
(a) ∠ACD,
(b) ∠CDE.
[(a) 105°, (b) 69°]

A B
36°

C 255°

D E

13. Find the value of x in the figure below.

[x = 230]

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 Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Summary

Angle properties Diagrams Reasons in short form

Angles on a straight line add ∠s on a straight line
up to 180°.

Angles at a point add up to ∠s at a point

360°.

Vertically opposite angles vert. opp. ∠s

are equal.

Corresponding angles are corr. ∠s

equal.

Alternate angles are equal. alt. ∠s

Interior angles add up to int. ∠s

180°.

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