SSC Higher Math Online Part-2
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Mathematical Reality with AazmaineSSC Higher Math Online Part-2
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Mathematical Reality with AazmaineD”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 1
cvU© P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ wbwðZK‡í Aa¨v‡qi avivevwnKZvq
02 welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb
wcÖq cixÿv_©x eÜyiv, †Zvgiv B‡Zvg‡a¨ cvU©-01 G AšÍfz©³ A¨vmvBb‡g›UwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœmg~‡ni mgvavb Abykxjb m¤úbœ K‡iQ| †Zvgiv wbðqB
jÿ K‡iQ, cÖwZ Aa¨v‡q A¨vmvBb‡g‡›Ui evB‡i AviI wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqe¯‘/cvV i‡q‡Q Ges Gme cvV †_‡KI cixÿvq m„Rbkxj cÖkœ Avm‡Z cv‡i|
†Zvgv‡`i cÖ¯‘wZ‡K wbLyuZ Ki‡Z G As‡k welqe¯‘/cv‡Vi Av‡jv‡K AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi mgvavb mwbœ‡ek Kiv n‡jv|
Aa¨vq 7 Amxg aviv
1
cvVm~Î : Amxg ¸‡YvËi aviv GLb, 1< 3x + 5
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 (i) 5 + 55 + 555 + ............ ev, 3x + 5 < 1
(ii) (3x + 5)1 + (3x + 5)2 + (3x + 5)3 + ............ ev, 3x + 5 5 < 1 5 [Dfqc‡ÿ 5 †hvM K‡i]
K. hw` x = 1 nq, Z‡e (ii) bs avivwU wbY©q Ki Ges
ev, 3x < 6
mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
L. Kx kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j (ii) bs avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e ev, x<2
Zv wbY©q Ki Ges †mB k‡Z© AmxgZK mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 1
Avevi, 3x + 5 < 1
M. (i) bs avivwUi cÖ_g n c‡`i mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
[Av`gRx K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj, XvKv] ev, 3x + 5 > 1
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb ev, 3x + 5 5 > 1 5
L cÖ`Ë aviv : ev, 3x > 4
(3x + 5)1 + (3x + 5)2 + (3x + 5)3 + ....... 4
1 1 1 ev, x > 3
= 3x + 5 + (3x + 5)2 + (3x + 5)3 + .......
4
x = 1 n‡j avivwUi n‡e avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e hw` x < 2 A_ev x > 3 nq|
1 1 1 4
= + + + ....... kZ©, x < 2 A_ev x > 3.
3(1) + 5 {3(1) + 5}2 {3(1) + 5}3
1 1 1
= + + + ....... avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó,
3 + 5 ( 3 + 5)2 ( 3 + 5)3
1 1 1 a
= 2 + 22 + 23 + ....... S =
1r
avivwUi 1g c` a = 12 1 1
3x + 5 3x + 5 1
1 = = =
22 1 1 1 3x + 5 1 3x + 4
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 22 2 = 2 1 3x + 5
3x + 5
2 4 1
1 1 1
wb‡Y©q kZ© : x < 2 A_ev x > 3 Ges mgwó 3x + 4.
wb‡Y©q avivwU : 2 + 22 + 23 + .......
N cÖ`Ë (i) bs avivwU : 5 + 55 + 555 + .......
1
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ 2. g‡b Kwi, S = 5 + 55 + 555 + ....... n c` ch©šÍ
S
M K bs n‡Z cÖvß avivwU, ev, 5 = 1 + 11 + 111 + ....... n c` ch©šÍ [Dfqcÿ‡K 5 Øviv fvM K‡i]
1 1 1
3x + 5 + (3x + 5)2 + (3x + 5)3 +
...... ev, 9S
5
= 9 + 99 + 999 + ..... n c` ch©šÍ [Dfq cÿ‡K 9 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
1 = (10 1) + (100 1) + (1000 1) + ...... n c` ch©šÍ
avivwUi 1g c`, a = (3x + 5)
= (10 1) + (102 1) + (103 1) + ....... n c` ch©šÍ
1 = 10 + 102 + 103 + .......... + 10n n
(3x + 5)2 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 3x + 5 10n 1
= 10 n
10 1
3x + 5
10
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e hw` | r |< 1 = 9 (10n 1) n
1
A_©vr 5 10 50 5n
S = 9 9 (10n 1) n = 81 (10n 1) 9
3x + 5 < 1 nq,
1 50 5n
ev, 1 < 3x + 5 < 1 wb‡Y©q avivwUi n msL¨K c‡`i mgwó = 81 (10n 1) 9 .
2 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 2x1+ 1 + (2x 1+ 1)2 + (2x 1+ 1)3 + ...... GKwU 1 1 1
N cÖ`Ë aviv : 2x + 1 + (2x + 1)2 + (2x + 1)3 + ......
AbšÍ ¸‡YvËi aviv| 1
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 2x + 1
K. x = 1 n‡j, avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
1
3
L. x = 2 n‡j, mßg c` Ges cÖ_g 20 c‡`i mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 (2x + 1)2
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r= 1
M. x Gi Dci Kx kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó 2x + 1
_vK‡e Ges †mB mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 1 (2x + 1) 1
[gwZwSj g‡Wj ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv] = (2x + 1)2 1 = 2x + 1
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb cÖ`Ë avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e
1 1 1 hw` 1 < r < 1 nq
L cÖ`Ë avivwU : 2x + 1 + (2x + 1)2 + (2x + 1)3 + .......
1
x=1 n‡j, ev, 1 < 2x + 1 < 1
1 1 1 1 1
avivwU : 2. 1 + 1 + (2. 1 + 1)2 + (2. 1 + 1)3 + ....... GLb, 1 < 2x + 1 Ges 2x + 1 < 1
1 1 1
= 3 + 32 + 33 + ........ ev, 2x + 1 < 1 ev, 2x + 1 > 1
1 1 1 1 ev, 2x < 2 [1 we‡qvM K‡i] ev, 2x > 0
avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 32 3 = 9 3 = 3 ev, x < 1 [2 Øviv fvM K‡i] x>0
1 x<1
avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ = 3.
x < 1 Ges x > 0
3 cÖ`Ë avivi AmxgZK mgwó,
M x = 2 n‡j,
a
1 1 1 S =
avivwU : 3 + 3 1r
2+ 3 3 + .......
2. 2 + 1 2. + 1 2. + 1 1
2 2 2x + 1
1 1 1 = 1
= 3 + 1 + (3 + 1)2 + (3 + 1)3 + ...... 1 2x + 1
1 1 1 1 1
= 4 + 42 + 43 + .......
2x + 1 2x + 1 1 2x + 1 1
1 = = 2x = 2x + 1 2x = 2x
avivi cÖ_g c`, a = 4 2x + 1 1
2x + 1 2x + 1
1 1 1 1
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 42 4 = 16 4 = 4 < 1 1
wb‡Y©q kZ© : x < 1 Ges x > 0 Ges mgwó 2x.
avivi mßg c` = ar7 1
1 1 1 1 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 7 + 77 + 777 + ..............
= ar6 = 4 46 = 47 = 16384
avivwUi cÖ_g 20wU c‡`i mgwó, 1 1 1
Ges 4x + 2 + (4x + 2)2 + (4x + 2)3 .... `yBwU aviv|
a(1 r20)
S20 = K. x = 1 n‡j, wØZxq avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
1r
1 20
1 L. cª_g avivwUi cÖ_g n-msL¨K c‡`i mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
4 1 4 M. x Gi Dci Kx kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j wØZxq avivwUi AmxgZK
= 1
14 mgwó _vK‡e? †mB mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
[B¯úvnvbx cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, Kzwgjøv]
1 1
4 1 420 3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
=
41 L cÖ`Ë wØZxq aviv :
4 1 1 1
1 420 1 4x + 2 + (4x + 2)2 + (4x + 2)3 + ......
4 420 x = 1 n‡j, avivwU n‡e :
= 3 1 1 1
4 4 + 2 + (4 + 2)2 + (4 + 2)3 + ..........
1 4 420 1 1 420 1 1 1 1
=43
420 = 3 420 = 6 + 62 + 63 + .....................
1 1 1 1 1
wb‡Y©q avivi mßg c` 16384 avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ = 62 6 = 62 6 = 6
1 420 1
Ges cÖ_g 20wU c‡`i mgwó 3 420 . wb‡Y©q mvaviY AbycvZ 6.
1
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 3
M 7 + 77 + 777 + ......... 1 1 1
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4 + + + ...... GKwU
g‡b Kwi, S = 7 + 77 + 777 + ........ n c` ch©šÍ (4x 1) (4x 1)2 (4x 1)3
S AbšÍ ¸‡YvËi aviv|
ev, 7 = 1 + 11 + 111 + ..... n c` ch©šÍ
K. x = 1 n‡j avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
[Dfqcÿ‡K 7 Øviv fvM K‡i] 5
9S L. x = 4 n‡j avivwUi 1g c` Ges 1g 10wU c‡`i mgwó
ev, 7
= 9 + 99 + 999 + ......... n c` ch©šÍ
wbY©q Ki| 4
[Dfq cÿ‡K 9 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
M. x Gi Dci Kx kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j cÖ`Ë avivwUi AmxgZK
= (10 1) + (100 1) + (1000 1) +....... n c` ch©šÍ
mgwó _vK‡e Ges †mB mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
= (10 1) + (102 1) + (103 1) + ........ n c` ch©šÍ
[D`qb gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, ewikvj]
= 10 + 102 + 103 + .......... n c` ch©šÍ n
= 10(1 + 10 + 102 + .......... + 10n 1) n
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
10n 1 10 1 1 1
= 10 n = 9 (10n 1) n L cÖ`Ë avivwU : + + + ..........
10 1 4x 1 (4x 1)2 (4x 1)3
7 10 70 7n 1 1 1
S = 9 9 (10n 1) n = 81 (10n 1) 9 x = 1 n‡j, avivwU : + + + ....
4.1 1 (4.1 1)2 (4.1 1)3
1 1 1
avivwUi n msL¨K c‡`i mgwó = 3 + 32 + 33 + ................
710 70 7n 1 1 1 1
= 9 9 (10n 1) n = 81 (10n 1) 9 avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 32 3 = 9 3 = 3.
N cª`Ë wØZxq aviv : 5
1 1 1 M x = 4 n‡j :
4x + 2 + (4x + 2)2 + (4x + 2)3 + .......... 1 1 1
1 avivwU = 5 + +
5 2 5 3
+ ..........
avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 4x + 2
441 4 1 4 1
4 4
1 1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (4x + 2)2 4x + 2 = 4x + 2 1 1 1
= + + + ..........
5 1 (5 1)2 (5 1)3
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e hw` 1 1 1
|r| < 1 nq = 4 + 42 + 43 + ..........
1 1
ev, avivi, cÖ_g c`, a = 4
4x + 2 < 1
1 1 1 4 1
1 mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 42 4 = 16 1 = 4 < 1
ev, 1 < 4x + 2 < 1
1 1 a(1 r10)
GLb, 1 < 4x + 2 A_ev, 4x + 2 < 1 cÖ_g 10wU c‡`i mgwó, S10 =
1r
10
1 1
ev, 1 > 4x + 2 ev, 4x + 2 > 1
4 1 4
ev, 4x + 2 < 1 ev, 4x > 1 2 = 1
ev, 4x < 1 2 ev, 4x > 1 14
1
ev, 4x < 3 x>4 1 4 410 1 1 410 1
= 4 3 410 = 3 410
3
x<4 1 410 1
wb‡Y©q avivwUi 1g c` 4 Ges cÖ_g 10wU c‡`i mgwó 3 410 .
1
3 1
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e hw` x < 4 A_ev x > 4 nq| 1
N cÖ`Ë avivwUi, cÖ_g c`, a =
4x 1
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó, 1 1
a Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (4x 1)2 4x 1
S =
1r 1
1 r=
4x 1
4x + 2
= 1
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e hw`, 1 < r < 1 nq
1 4x + 2 1
ev, 1 < 4x 1 < 1
1
4x + 2 GLv‡b, 1 < 4x1 1 Avevi, 4x1 1 < 1
= 4x + 1
ev, 1 > 4x 1 ev, 4x 1 > 1
4x + 2
ev, 1 + 1 > 4x ev, 4x > 1 + 1
1 4x + 2 1
= 4x + 2 4x + 1 = 4x + 1 ev, 0 > 4x ev, 4x > 2
ev, 0 > x 1
3 1 1 ev, x > 2
wb‡Y©q kZ© : x < 4 A_ev, x > 4 Ges AmxgZK mgwó 4x + 1. x<0
4 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
1 1
kZ© : x < 0 A_ev x > 2. GLb, 1 < 4x 1
a ev, 4x 1 < 1
mgwó, S = 1 r
ev, 4x < 1 + 1 [Dfqc‡ÿ 1 †hvM K‡i]
1 1
4x 1 4x 1
ev, 4x < 0
1 4x 1 1
= = = = x<0
1 4x 1 1 4x 1 4x 2 4x 2
1 1
4x 1 4x 1 Avevi, 4x 1 < 1
1 1
wb‡Y©q kZ© : x < 0 A_ev x > 2 Ges mgwó 4x 2. ev, 1 < 4x 1
ev, 4x 1 > 1
cvVm~Î : Amxg ¸‡YvËi avivi mgwó ev, 4x > 1 + 1 [Dfqc‡ÿ 1 †hvM K‡i]
ev, 4x > 2
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5 1 + (4x 1)1 + (4x 1)2 + (4x 1)3 +
ev, x > 24 [Dfqcÿ‡K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i]
......... GKwU AbšÍ ¸‡YvËi aviv|
K. x = 1 Gi Rb¨ cÖvß avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2 ev, x > 12
L. x = 2 Gi Rb¨ cÖvß avivwUi cÖ_g 20wU c‡`i mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 cÖ`Ë avivi AmxgZK mgwó,
M. x Gi Dci Kx kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó a
S =
_vK‡e Ges †mB mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 1r
[Kzwgjøv †evW© 2019] 1
= 1
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 1
4x 1
L cÖ`Ë avivwU = 1 + (4x 1)–1 + (4x 1)2 + (4x 1)–3 + 1 1 4x 1 4x 1
1 1 1 = = =1 =
=1+ + + + 4x 1 1 4x 2 4x 2 4x 2
4x 1 (4x 1)2 (4x 1)3 4x 1 4x 1
GLb, x = 1 n‡j, 4x 1 = 4 1 1 = 3 1
1 1 1
wb‡Y©q kZ© : x < 0 A_ev, x > 12 Ges mgwó = 4x
4x 2
.
x = 1 n‡j avivwU n‡e, 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 +
1 1 1
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 6 + + + .......
2p 7 (2p 7)2 (2p 7)3
1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ = 3 1 = 3 K. hw` p = 12 nq Z‡e avivwU wbY©q Ki Zvici D³ avivi
1 mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ 3.
L. hLb, p = 9 ZLb avivwUi 12Zg c` I cÖ_g 15wU c‡`i
M GLv‡b, x = 2 n‡j, mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
4x 1 = 4 2 1 = 7 M. p Gi Dci wKiƒc kZ© Av‡ivwcZ n‡j D³ avivwUi
1 1 1 AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e Ges †mB mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
GLb, avivwU n‡e, 1 + 7 + 72 + 73 +
[ivRkvnx K¨v‡WU K‡jR, ivRkvnx]
GLv‡b, avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1 6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
1 1
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 7 1 = 7 < 1 1 1 1
L cÖ`Ë avivwU : + +
2p 7 (2p 7)2 (2p 7)3
+ .....
cÖ_g 20 wU c‡`i mgwó,
p = 12 n‡j avivwU :
a (1 r20) 1 1 1
S20 = + + + ......
1r 2 12 7 (2 12 7)2 (2 12 7)3
120 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 7 1 20 1 20 + .......
7 7 7 1 = + +
24 7 (24 7)2 (24 7)3
= = = 6 = 6 1 720
17
1 71 1 1 1
= 17 + 172 + 173 + .......
7 7
1
7 1 avivi cÖ_g c`, a = 17
avivwUi cÖ_g 20 wU c‡`i mgwó 6 1 720.
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 171 2 17 1 1
= 172 17 = 17.
1
1 1 1
N cÖ`Ë aviv : 1 + + + +
4x 1 (4x 1)2 (4x 1)3 M p = 9 n‡j avivwU :
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1 1 1 1
+ + + .......
1 1 2 9 7 (2 9 7)2 (2 9 7)3
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 4x 1 1 = 4x 1 1 1 1
= + + + .......
cÖ`Ë avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e hw` 1 < r < 1 nq| 18 7 (18 7)2 (18 7)3
1 1 1 1
ev, 1 < 4x 1 < 1 = 11 + 112 + 113 + .......
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 5
1 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 7
cÖ`Ë avivi cÖ_g c`, a = 11 a + ab + ab2 + ab3 + ........
1 1 1 1 1
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 112 11 = 112 11 = 11 < 1 K. a = 1 Ges b = 2 n‡j avivi 9 Zg c‡`i gvb †ei Ki| 2
12Zg c` = ar12 1 1
L. a = 1 Ges b = x + 1 n‡j x Gi Dci Kx kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j
1 1 11
= ar11 = 11 11
avivi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e? kZ©vaxb mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
1 1 1 M. a Gi ¯’‡j 5; ab Gi ¯’‡j 55 Ges ab2 Gi ¯’‡j 555 Ges ab3
= 11 (11)11 = (11)12
Gi ¯’‡j 5555 emv‡j †h aviv cvIqv hvq Zvi 1g n c‡`i
avivi cÖ_g 15wU c‡`i mgwó, mgwó †ei Ki| 4
a(1 r15) [Kzwgjøv wRjv ¯‹zj, Kzwgjøv]
S15 = ;r<1
1r
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
=
1
11
1 ( )
1 15
11
L cÖ`Ë aviv : a + ab + ab2 + ab3 + .....
1 1
1 a = 1 Ges b = 2 n‡j,
11
=
1
11 ( 1
1
1115) 1 1 1
cÖ`Ë avivwU n‡e, 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ........
11 1
avivwUi 1g c` a = 1
11
1 1
1 11 1115 1 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 1 = 2 < 1.
= 11 10 1115
1 1115 1 Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c` = arn 1
= 10 1115
1
avivwUi 9 Zg c` = ar91 = ar8 = 1 2 = 256
8 1
1
wb‡Y©q avivi 12 Zg c` 1112 Ges cÖ_g 15wU c‡`i mgwó 1
wb‡Y©q avivwUi 9 Zg c` 256.
1 1115 1
10 1115 . M cÖ`Ë aviv : a + ab + ab2 + ab3 + ........
1 1
N avivi cÖ_g c`, a = a = 1 Ges b = x + 1 n‡j, cÖ`Ë avivwU n‡e,
2p 7
1 1 1 1 1 1
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (2p 7)2 2p 7 = 2p 7 1 + x + 1 + (x +1)2 + (x + 3)3 + ........... hv GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e hw` |r| < 1 nq avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1
ev, 1 < r < 1 1
1+x 1
ev, 1 < 2p1 7 < 1 mvaviY AbycvZ, r= 1 =1+x
GLv‡b, 1 < 2p1 7 Ges 2p1 7 < 1 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e hw` | r | < 1 nq
A_©vr 1 < r < 1
ev, 1 > 2p 7 ev, 2p 7 > 1 1
ev, 1 + 7 > 2p ev, 2p > 1 + 7 1<1+x<1
1
ev, 6 > 2p ev, 2p > 8 1<1+x Ges 1 +1 x < 1
ev, 3>p p>4
1 1<1+x
p<3 ev, 1
>1+x
ev, 1 + x > 1
kZ©mg~n : p > 4 Ges p < 3. ev, 1 + x < 1
a ev, x > 1 1
mgwó, S = 1 r ev, x < 1 1 x > 0.
1 1 x<2
2p 7 2p 7 kZ© : x < 2 A_ev x > 0.
= 1 = 2p 7 1 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó,
1
2p 7 2p 7 a
S =
1 1r
2p 7 1
= = 1
2p 8 11+x
2p 7
1 1+x
1 2p 7 1 = = x .
= = . 1+x1
2p 7 2p 8 2p 8
1+x
1
wb‡Y©q kZ© : p > 4 Ges p < 3 Ges mgwó 2p 8. 1+x
wb‡Y©q kZ© : x < 2 A_ev x > 0 Ges mgwó = x .
6 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
N GLv‡b, a = 5, ab = 55, ab2 = 555 1 1 1
M ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß avivwU = 3 + 32 + 33 + .....; hv GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv
3
Ges ab = 5555 n‡j,
cÖ`Ë avivwU n‡e, 5 + 55 + 555 + 5555 + .......... hvi 1g c`, a = 13 .
g‡b Kwi, S = 5 + 55 + 555 + ......... n c` ch©šÍ mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 13 < 1
S
ev, 5
= 1 + 11 + 111 + ...... n c` ch©šÍ avivwUi 10 Zg c` = ar10 1
= ar9
[Dfqcÿ‡K 5 Øviv fvM K‡i] 1 1 9
9S = 3 3
ev, 5
= 9 + 99 + 999 + ..... n c` ch©šÍ
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
[Dfq cÿ‡K 9 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] = 3 39 = 3 39 = 31 + 9 = 310 = 59049
= (10 1) + (100 1) + (1000 1) + ...... nc` ch©šÍ Ges cÖ_g 10wU c‡`i mgwó,
2 3
= (10 1) + (10 1) + (10 1) + ....... n c` ch©šÍ a(1 r10)
2 3 n S10 =
= 10 + 10 + 10 + .......... + 10 n 1r
10n 1 1 10
= 10 n 1 1
10 1 3 3
10 = 1
= 9 (10n 1) n
1 3
5 10
S = 9 9 (10n 1) n 1 1 59049 1
3 1 59049 59049 59048 29524
50 5n = =
= 81 (10n 1) 9 31 2 = 2 59049 = 59049
33
3
5 10
avivwUi n msL¨K c‡`i mgwó, 9 9 (10n 1) n 1 29524
avivwUi 10 Zg c` 59049 Ges cÖ_g 10wU c‡`i mgwó 59049 .
50 5n
= 81 (10n 1) 9 . 1 1 1
N cÖ`Ë aviv : 2x + 1 + (2x + 1)2 + (2x + 1)3 + ......
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 8 2x1+ 1 + (2x 1+ 1)2 + (2x 1+ 1)3 + .... GKwU aviv| 1
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 2x + 1
K. x = 1 n‡j avivwU wbY©q Ki Ges cÖvß avivwUi mvaviY 1
(2x + 1)2
AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1
L. ÔKÕ bs G cÖvß avivwUi 10 Zg c` Ges cÖ_g 10wU c‡`i 2x + 1
mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 1 (2x + 1) 1
= (2x + 1)2 1 = 2x + 1
M. x Gi Dci Kx kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó
_vK‡e Ges †mB mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 cÖ`Ë avivwUi AmxgZK mgwó _vK‡e
[gqgbwmsn wRjv ¯‹zj, gqgbwmsn] hw` 1 < r < 1 nq
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb ev, 1 < 2x1+ 1 < 1
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, GLb, 1 < 2x1+ 1 Ges 1
2x + 1
<1
1 1 1
avivwU : 2x + 1 + (2x + 1)2 + (2x + 1)3 + ...... ev, 2x + 1 < 1 ev, 2x + 1 > 1
ev, 2x < 2 [1 we‡qvM K‡i] ev, 2x > 0
x=1 n‡j, avivwU :
ev, x < 1 [2 Øviv fvM K‡i] x>0
1 1 1
+ + + .... x<1
2 1 + 1 (2 1 + 1)2 (2 1 + 1)3
1 1 1 x < 1 Ges x > 0
= 2 + 1 + (2 + 1)2 + (2 + 1)3 + ...... cÖ`Ë avivi AmxgZK mgwó,
1 1 1 a
= 3 + 32 + 33 + ....... ; hv GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv| S =
1r
1
GLv‡b, avivwUi 1g c`, a = 13 1
2x + 1 2x + 1
1 = =
1
1 2x + 1 1
32 2x + 1 2x + 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1
1
3 2x + 1 1 2x + 1 1
= 2x = 2x + 1 2x = 2x
1
= 32 3 2x + 1
1 1 1
=93=3 wb‡Y©q kZ© : x < 1 A_ev x > 0 Ges mgwó 2x.
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 7
Aa¨vq 8 w·KvYwgwZ
1 + sin + 1 sin 3+1
cvVm~Î : †iwWqvb cwigvc ev, 1 + sin 1 + sin = 3 1 [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 tan = a, sec = b Ges cos = c. 2
ev, 2 sin = 2
4
1 sin
K. wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †Kv‡Yi AbycvZ 5 : 6 : 7 n‡j, ÿz`ªZg 1
ev, sin = 2
†KvYwU‡K †iwWqv‡b cÖKvk Ki| 2
a+b1 1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, a b + 1 = c. 4 ev, sin = 2
M. c = 3 n‡j Gi gvb wbY©q Ki, hLb 0 < 2. 4 1g PZzf©v‡M, sin = sin 6
[XvKv †evW© 2019]
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb =6
5
L awi, †KvY wZbwU h_vµ‡g, 5xc, 6xc I 7xc Avevi, 2q PZzf©v‡M, sin = sin 6 = sin 6
c c c c c
cÖkœg‡Z, 5x + 6x + 7x = [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó 2 mg‡KvY = ]
5
ev, 18xc = c = 6
5
ev, x = 18 wKš‘, = 6 cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i bv|
5
ÿz`ªZg †KvY = 5xc = 5 18 = 18 †iwWqvb| 5
= 6 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
cos
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, tan = a, sec = b Ges =c wb‡Y©q gvb : = 6.
1 sin
a+b1
evgcÿ = a b + 1 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 A = 15 cos2 + 2 sin , 2 < <
tan + sec 1
= B = 3 sin2 + 5 cos2 .
tan sec + 1
tan + sec (sec2 tan2 )
K. cÖgvY Ki †h, †iwWqvb †KvY GKwU aªæe †KvY| 2
= [ sec2 tan2 = 1] L. A = 7 n‡j, cot Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
tan sec + 1
(tan + sec ) (sec + tan ) (sec tan ) M. B = 4 n‡j, Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
= [ewikvj †evW© 2019]
tan sec + 1
=
(tan + sec ) (1 sec + tan ) 2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
(tan sec + 1) L g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AOB GKwU †iwWqvb
sin 1 sin + 1
= tan + sec = + = †KvY| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOB GKwU aªæe †KvY|
cos cos cos
(sin + 1) (1 sin ) 1 sin2
A¼b : OA †iLvs‡ki (e¨vmv‡a©i) P
= = Dci OP j¤^ AvuwK| B
cos (1 sin ) cos (1 sin )
2
cos cÖgvY : OP j¤^ e„‡Ëi cwiwa‡K P
= [ 1 sin2 = cos2 ] we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j Pvc AP = C A
cos (1 sin ) O
cos 1 r
= = c = Wvbcÿ cwiwai GK-PZz_©vsk = 4 2r = 2
1 sin
a+b1 Ges Pvc AB = e¨vmva© r
= c. (cÖgvwYZ) [AOB = 1 †iwWqvb]
ab+1
cos Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pv‡ci Dci `Ðvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY H
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, =c e„ËPv‡ci mgvYycvwZK|
1 sin
†h‡nZz, c = 3 AOB Pvc AB
=
cos AOP Pvc AP
= 3
1 sin Pvc AB
2 AOB = AOP
cos Pvc AP
ev, = ( 3)2 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
(1 sin )2 r
1 sin2 = GK mg‡KvY [OA e¨vmva© Ges OP Gi Dci j¤^]
r
ev, (1 sin ) (1 sin )
=3
2
(1 + sin ) (1 sin ) 2
ev, (1 sin ) (1 sin )
=3 = mg‡KvY
1 + sin †h‡nZz mg‡KvY I aªæeK, †m‡nZz AOB GKwU aªæeK †KvY|
ev, 1 sin
=3
(cÖgvwYZ)
8 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
1
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 15 cos2 + 2 sin ; 2 < < Avevi, sin = n‡j,
2
A = 7 n‡j, 15 cos2 + 2 sin = 7 1 5
Z…Zxq PZzf©v‡M, sin = = sin 4 = sin + 4 = sin 4
ev, 15 (1 sin2 ) + 2 sin = 7 [ 1 sin2 = cos2 ] 2
ev, 15 15 sin2 + 2 sin = 7 5
= 4
ev, 15 sin2 + 2 sin + 15 7 = 0
ev, 15 sin2 2 sin 8 = 0 1
sin = n‡j,
ev, 15 sin2 12 sin + 10 sin 8 = 0 2
1 7
ev, 3 sin (5 sin 4) + 2 (5 sin 4) = 0 PZz_© PZzf©v‡M, sin = = sin 4 = sin 2 4 = sin 4
ev, (3 sin + 2) (5 sin 4) = 0 2
7
nq, 3 sin + 2 = 0 A_ev, 5 sin 4 = 0 = 4
ev, 3 sin = 2 ev, 5 sin = 4 3 5 7
2 4 wb‡Y©q gvb = 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 .
sin = 3 sin = 5
cvVm~Î : †iwWqvb cwigvc I wWwMÖ cwigv‡ci cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©
†h‡nZz 2 < < A_©vr Gi Ae¯’vb 2q PZzf©v‡M|
2q PZzf©v‡M sin abvZ¥K n‡e| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 XvKv I PÆMÖvg c„w_exi †K‡›`ª 5 †KvY Drcbœ
2 K‡i Ges a sin b cos = c GKwU w·KvYwgwZK mgxKiY|
sin = 3 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
4 K. c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6440 wK. wg. n‡j XvKv n‡Z PÆMÖv‡gi
Zvn‡j, sin = 5 n‡j, `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 2
4 2 16 9 3 L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY n‡Z cÖgvY Ki †h,
cos = 1 sin2 = 1 5 = 1 25 = 25 = ± 5
a cos + b sin = a2 + b2 c2. 4
M. hw` a = 1, b = 1 Ges c = 2 nq Z‡e cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU
†h‡nZz, 2 < < A_©vr wØZxq PZzf©v‡M Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges sin
mgvavb Ki, †hLv‡b 0 < < 2. 4
I cosec e¨ZxZ mKj w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZ FYvZ¥K| [exi‡kÖô b~i †gvnv¤§` cvewjK K‡jR, XvKv]
3
cos = 5 3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
5
3 L g‡b Kwi, XvKv †_‡K PÆMÖv‡gi `~iZ¡ XvKv PÆMÖvg
A S B
cos 3 5 3 AB wK‡jvwgUvi| A I B †_‡K 6440
GLb, cot = sin = 4 = 5 4 = 4 5
5
wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i c„w_exi †K‡›`ª O we›`y‡Z
O
3 Drcbœ †KvY AOB = 5|
wb‡Y©q gvb 4 . Zvn‡j, AO = r = e¨vmva© = 6440 wK.wg.
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, B = 3 sin2 + 5 cos2 †K›`ª¯’ †KvY AOB = c„w_ex
5
B = 4 n‡j, 3 sin2 + 5 cos2 = 4 = 5 = 180 = 0.0873 †iwWqvb
ev, 3 sin2 + 5 (1 sin2 ) = 4 [ 1 sin2 = cos2 ] awi, Pvc AB XvKv †_‡K PÆMÖv‡gi `~iZ¡ = S wK.wg.
ev, 3 sin2 + 5 5 sin2 = 4
Avgiv Rvwb, S = r
ev, 2 sin2 = 4 5 = 1
= (6440 0.0873) wK.wg. = 562 wK.wg. (cÖvq)
ev, 2 sin2 = 1
XvKv †_‡K PÆMÖv‡gi `~iZ¡ 562 wK.wg. (cÖvq)|
1
ev, sin2 = 2 M †`Iqv Av‡Q,
1 a sin b cos = c .................(1)
ev, sin = ±
2 awi, a cos + b sin = r ..................(2)
1 (1) bs I (2) bs †K eM© K‡i †hvM K‡i cvB,
sin = n‡j,
2 (a sin b cos )2 + (a cos + b sin )2 = c2 + r2
1 ev, a2 sin2 2a sin b cos + b2 cos2 + a2 cos2 +
cÖ_g PZzf©v‡M, sin = = sin 4
2 2a cos b sin + b2 sin2 = c2 + r2
ev, a (sin + cos ) + b2(cos2 + sin2) 2ab sin cos
2 2 2
=4
+ 2ab sin cos = c2 + r2
1 ev, 2 2
a 1+b 1=c +r 2 2
sin = n‡j,
2 ev, r2 + c 2 = a 2 + b 2
3
wØZxq PZzf©v‡M, sin = sin 4 = sin 4 ev, r2 = a 2 + b 2 c 2
3 ev, r = a2 + b2 c2
= 4
a cos + b sin = a2 + b2 c2. (cÖgvwYZ)
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 9
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, a sin b cos = c Ges Pvc PA = e¨vmva© r B
P
a = 1, b = 1 Ges c = 2 n‡j, [POA = GK †iwWqvb]
sin + cos = 2 ......................... (1) cÖwZÁv 2 †_‡K cvB, O A
ev, (sin + cos )2 = ( 2)2 [eM© K‡i] POA Pvc PA
= C
AOB Pvc AB
ev, sin2 + cos2 + 2 sin cos = 2
Pvc PA
ev, 1 + 2 sin cos = 2 POA =
Pvc AB AOB
ev, 2 sin cos = 2 1 = 1 r
ev, 2 sin cos = sin2 + cos2 = GK mg‡KvY [OA e¨vmva© Ges OB Gi Dci j¤^]
r
ev, sin2 2 sin cos + cos2 = 0 2
ev, (sin cos )2 = 0 2
= mg‡KvY
ev, sin cos = 0 ev, sin = cos
sin
†h‡nZz, mg‡KvY I aªæeK †m‡nZz POB GKwU aªæeK †KvY|
ev, cos
=1 ev, tan = 1 = tan 4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
=4 cvVm~Î : PviwU PZzf©v‡M w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~‡ni wPý
Avevi, tan = tan4 = tan + 4 = tan 4
5
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5 A = sec + tan , B = cot2 + cosec2 .
5 K. wPÎmn 840 †Kv‡Yi Ae¯’vb †Kvb PZzf©v‡M wbY©q Ki| 2
= 4
; hv (i) bs †K wm× K‡i bv| 2 2
L. †`LvI †h, (A 1) cosec = A + 1. 4
AZGe, 0 < < 2 e¨ewa‡Z mgvavb, = 4. 5
M. hw` B = 3 nq Z‡e Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| [hLb 0 < < 2] 4
[h‡kvi †evW© 2020]
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4 c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6400 wK‡jvwgUvi| XvKv I
cÂMo c„w_exi †K‡›`ª 3.5 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| 5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
3 L 840 = 9 90 30
K. 13 †K wWwMÖ, wgwbU I †m‡K‡Û cÖKvk Ki| 2 840 GKwU FYvZ¥K †KvY Ges Y
L. DÏxcK Abymv‡i XvKv I cÂM‡oi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4 840 †KvYwU Drcbœ Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv
M. †`LvI †h, †iwWqvb GKwU aªæe †KvY| 4 iwk¥‡K Nwoi KuvUvi w`‡K `yBevi X X
[†kicyi miKvwi wf‡±vwiqv GKv‡Wgx, †kicyi] m¤ú~Y© Ny‡i GKB w`‡K Av‡iv GK 840
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb mg‡KvY ev 90 Ges 30 Ny‡i Z…Zxq Y
PZzf©v‡M Avm‡Z n‡q‡Q|
3 3 180 180
L 13 = 13
wWwMÖ [ 1c = ]
myZivs, 840 †KvYwU Z…Zxq PZzf©v‡M Aew¯’Z|
540 M †`Iqv Av‡Q A = sec + tan
= 13 wWwMÖ
ev, sec + tan = A
= 413218 . 46 1 sin
3 ev, cos + cos = A
13 †iwWqvb = 41 32 18.46.
1 + sin
ev, cos
=A
M GLv‡b, e¨vmva©, = r = 6400 wK. wg.
(1 + sin )2
c„w_exi †K‡›`ª Drcbœ †KvY = 3.5 = 3.5 180 †iwWqvb ev, cos2
= A2 [eM© K‡i]
s = Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ = XvKv I cÂM‡oi `~iZ¡ (1 + sin )2
ev, = A2
1 sin2
= r = 6400 3.5 180 wK.wg. (1 + sin )2
ev, = A2
(1 + sin )(1 sin )
112
= 9 wK.wg. = 390.955 wK.wg. (cÖvq) 1 + sin
ev, = A2
1 sin
wb‡Y©q `~iZ¡ : 390.955 wK.wg. (cÖvq)|
1 + sin + 1 sin A2 + 1
N g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë POA GK †iwWqvb
ev, =
1 + sin 1 + sin A2 1
[†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
†KvY| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOP GKwU aªæe †KvY| 2 A2 + 1
ev, =
2 sin A2 1
GLv‡b, OA †iLvs‡ki (e¨vmv‡a©i) Dci OB j¤^|
1 A2 + 1
OB j¤^ e„‡Ëi cwiwa‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| ev, = 2
sin A 1
Zvn‡j, Pvc AB = cwiwai GK-PZz_©vsk A2 + 1
ev, cosec = 2
1 r A 1
= 4 2r = 2
(A2 1) cosec = A2 + 1. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
10 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, B = cot2 + cosec2 M †`Iqv Av‡Q,
5 5 f(x) = sin x
B = 3 n‡j, cot2 + cosec2 = 3
f() = sin
ev, 3 cot2 + 3 cosec2 = 5 3 3
ev, 3 cot2 + 3(1 + cot2 ) = 5 GLv‡b, () = 2 ; 2 < < 2
ev, 3 cot2 + 3 + 3 cot2 = 5 sin = 2
3
ev, 6 cot2 = 5 3
ev, 6 cot2 = 2 3
Z…Zxq PZzf©v‡M, sin = 2
2 1
ev, cot2 = 6 = 3
ev, sin = sin + 3
1
ev, cot = 3 +
3 ev, sin = sin 3
1
cot = n‡j, 4
3 ev, sin = sin 3
1g PZzf©v‡M, cot = cot 3 4 3
= 3; hv 2 < < 2 kZ© cvjb K‡i|
=3 4
wb‡Y©q gvb, = 3 .
4
3q PZzf©v‡M, cot = cot + 3 = cot 3 N †`Iqv Av‡Q,
4 f(x) = sin x
= 3
f 2 + x = sin 2 + x = cos x
1
Avevi, cot = n‡j,
3 2 5
GLv‡b, f 2 + x + f(x) = 4; 0 < x < 2
2q PZzf©v‡M, ev, cot = cot 3 5
ev, cos2 x + sin x = 4
2
cot = cot 3 = cot 3
ev, 4(cos2 x + sin x) = 5
2 ev, 4{(1 sin2 x) + sin x} = 5
= 3
ev, 4 4 sin2 x + 4 sin x 5 = 0
6 5
4_© PZzf©v‡M, cot = cot 2 3 = cot 3 = cot 3 ev, 4 sin2 x + 4 sin x 1 = 0
5 ev, 4 sin2 x 4 sin x + 1 = 0
= 3 ev, (2 sin x 1)2 = 0
2 4 5 ev, 2 sin x 1 = 0
wb‡Y©q gvb : = 3, 3 , 3 , 3 .
1
ev, sin x = 2
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 6 f(x) = sin x. 1
sin x = 2 n‡j,
K. GKwU †Kv‡Yi gvb lvUg~jK c×wZ‡Z D Ges e„Ëxq
D R
c×wZ‡Z Rc n‡j †`LvI †h, 180 = . 2 cÖ_g PZzf©v‡M sin x = sin 6
3
L. f() = 2 n‡j, Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| x = 6 hv MÖnY‡hvM¨, KviY 0 < x < 2
1 5
hLb, 2 < < 2 .
3
4 Avevi, wØZxq PZzf©v‡M sin x = 2 = sin 6 = sin 6
5
M. mgvavb Ki : x = 6 hv MÖnY‡hvM¨, KviY 0 < x < 2
+ f(x) = 5 ; †hLv‡b 0 < x < 2.
2
5
f + x 4
2 4 wb‡Y©q mgvavb, x = 6, 6 .
[gwZwSj miKvwi evjK D”P we`¨vjq, XvKv]
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 7 tan A + sec A = pq Ges R = sec + tan .
11
L Avgiv Rvwb, 1 = 180 †iwWqvb K. tan 6 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
D
ev, D = 180 †iwWqvb L. †`LvI †h, cos A = p22pq
+ q2
. 4
D
cÖkœg‡Z, 180 = R M. Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb¸‡jv wbY©q Ki hLb R = 3
D R Ges 0 < < 2. 4
180 = . (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) [Kzwgjøv gWvb© nvB ¯‹zj, Kzwgjøv]
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 11
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 2
ev, tan =
2 3
11
L tan 6 = tan 6
11 1
ev, tan =
3
= tan 2 6 = tan 4 2 6
ev, tan = tan 6 = tan + 6 [ 0 < < 2]
= ( tan
6 ) [n = 4 I PZz_© PZzf©vM]
ev, tan = tan 6 = tan 6
7
1
= tan 6 = 7
3 = 6, 6
1
wb‡Y©q gvb : . 7 7
3 wKš‘ = 6 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KviY = 6 n‡j cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, wm× nq bv|
p
tan A + sec A = q wb‡Y©q gvb : = 6.
sin A 1 p
ev, cos A + cos A = q
cvVm~Î : AbyaŸ© 2 †Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZ
sin A + 1 p
ev, cos A = q m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 8 P = 3 tan2 4 3 sec + 7
(1 + sin A)2 p2 Ges Q = 15 sin2 A + 2 cos A, †hLv‡b A m~²‡KvY|
ev, cos2 A = q2 [eM© K‡i]
(1 + sin A)2 p2 K. 30 15 36 †K †iwWqv‡b cÖKvk Ki| 2
ev, 1 sin2 A q
= 2 L. hw` P = 0 Ges 0 < < 2 nq, Z‡e Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
(1 + sin A) (1 + sin A) p2 M. Q = 7 n‡j tan A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, (1 + sin A) (1 sin A) q
= 2 [XvKv †evW© 2020]
2
1 + sin A p 8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
ev, 1 sin A q
= 2
36
1 + sin A + 1 sin A p2 + q2 L 30 15 36 = 30 15 60
ev, = [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
1 + sin A 1 + sin A p2 q2
3
= 30 15 5
2 2
2 p +q
ev, 2 sin A = p2 q2
78
1 p2 + q 2 = 30 5
ev, =
sin A p2 q2
78
p2 q 2 = 30
ev, sin A = p2 + q2 [wecixZKiY K‡i] 5 60
13
(p2 q2)2 = 30 50
ev, sin2 A = (p2 + q2)2 [eM© K‡i]
1513
(p2 q2)2
1 cos2 A = (p2 + q2)2 = 50 180 †iwWqvb
ev,
(p2 q2)2 = 0.52813 †iwWqvb (cÖvq)
ev, cos2 A = 1 (p2 + q2)2
30 15 36 = 0.52813 †iwWqvb (cÖvq)|
(p2 + q2)2 (p2 q2)2
ev, cos2 A = M †`Iqv Av‡Q,
(p2 + q2)2
4p q 2 2 P = 3 tan2 4 3 sec + 7
ev, cos2 A = (p2 + q2)2 P = 0 n‡j,
4p2q2 3 tan2 4 3 sec + 7 = 0
ev, cos A = (p2 + q2)2 ev, 3 (sec2 1) 4 3 sec + 7 = 0
2pq ev, 3 sec2 3 4 3 sec + 7 = 0
cos A = p2 + q2. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
ev, 3 sec2 4 3 sec + 4 = 0
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, R = sec + tan ev, ( 3 sec )2 2. 3 sec .2 + 22 = 0
kZ©g‡Z, R= 3 ev, ( 3 sec 2)2 = 0
ev, sec + tan = 3 ev, 3 sec 2 = 0
ev, sec = 3 tan 2
ev, sec =
ev, sec2 = ( 3 tan )2 [eM© K‡i] 3
ev, 1 + tan2 = 3 2 3 tan + tan2 1 2
ev, cos
=
3
ev, tan2 + 2 3 tan tan2 = 3 1
3
ev, 2 3 tan = 2 ev, cos = 2
12 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
1g PZzf©v‡M, 9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
3
cos = 2 = cos 6
L Nwo‡Z ev‡R 8 : 30
Avgiv Rvwb,
wgwb‡Ui KvUv 1 wgwb‡U 1 Ni AwZµg K‡i
=6
" " 30 " 30 " " "
PZz_© PZzf©v‡M, Ges NÈvi KvUv 60 wgwb‡U AwZµg K‡i 5 Ni
12
cos = cos 2 6 = cos 6
5
" " 1 " "
" 60 "
11 5 30
= 6 " " 30 " " " 60 " = 2.5 Ni
11 GLb, NÈvi KvUv 1 NÈvq AwZµg K‡i 5 Ni
wb‡Y©q gvb : = 6, 6 .
" " 8 " " " (5 8) Ni = 40 Ni
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, 8:30 wgwb‡U NÈvi KuvUv AwZµg K‡i = (40 + 2.5) Ni
Q = 15 sin2 A + 2 cos A = 42.5 Ni
Q = 7 n‡j, NÈvi KuvUv I wgwb‡Ui KvUvi e¨eavb (42.5 30) Ni
15 sin2 A + 2 cos A = 7 = 12.5 Ni
ev, 15(1 cos2 A) + 2 cos A = 7 Avgiv Rvwb,
ev, 15 15 cos2 A + 2 cos A 7 = 0 Nwoi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Ni †K‡›`ª 6 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
ev, 15 cos2 A + 2 cos A + 8 = 0 †K‡›`ª Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi cwigvY = (12.5 6) = 75
ev, 15 cos2 A 2 cos A 8 = 0 mKvj 8:30 Uvq Nwoi NÈvi I wgwb‡Ui KvUvi AšÍM©Z †KvY 75|
ev, 15 cos2 A + 10 cos A 12 cos A 8 = 0
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, p sin + q cos = r
ev, 5 cos A (3 cos A + 2) 4(3 cos A + 2) = 0
ev, (p sin + q cos )2 = r2 [eM© K‡i]
ev, (5 cos A 4) (3 cos A + 2) = 0 ev, p2 sin2 + 2 pq sin . cos + q2 cos2 = r2 .....(1)
nq, 5 cos A 4 = 0 A_ev, awi, p cos q sin = x
ev, 5 cos A = 4 3 cos A + 2 = 0
ev, (p cos q sin )2 = x2
4 ev, 3 cos A = 2 ev, p2 cos2 2pq sin cos + q2 sin2 = x2 .....(2)
ev, cos A = 5 2
ev, cos A = 3 mgxKiY (1) I (2) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
p2 sin2 + 2pq sin cos + q2 cos2 + p2 cos2 2pq sin
[MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq KviY A m~²‡KvY] cos + q2 sin2 = r2 + x2
16 ev, p2(sin2 + cos2 ) + q2(sin2 + cos2 ) = r2 + x2
ev, cos2 A = 25
16
ev, p2.1 + q2.1 = r2 + x2
ev, 1 sin2 A = 25 ev, x2 + r2 = p2 + q2
16 ev, x2 = p2 + q2 r2
ev, sin2 A = 1 25 ev, x = p2 + q2 r2
25 16 p cos q sin = p2 + q2 r2. (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, sin2 A = 25
2 9 N †`Iqv Av‡Q,tan = x sec
ev, sin A = 25 x = 2 cos n‡j, tan = 2 cos sec
3 2 sin 1
ev, sin2 A = 5 ev, cos = 2 cos cos
3 sin 2 cos2 1
sin A = 5 ev, cos = cos
3 ev, sin = 2 cos2 1
sin A 5 3 5 3 ev, sin = 2(1 sin2 ) 1
tan A = cos A = 4 = 5 4 = 4
ev, sin = 2 2sin2 1
5
ev, 2sin2 + sin 2 + 1 = 0
3
wb‡Y©q gvb : tan A = 4. ev, 2sin2 + sin 1 = 0
ev, 2sin2 + 2sin sin 1 = 0
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 9 p sin + q cos = r Ges tan = x sec . ev, 2sin (sin + 1) 1 (sin + 1) = 0
K. mKvj 8:30 Uvq Nwoi NÈvi KuvUv I wgwb‡Ui KuvUvi AšÍM©Z ev, (2 sin 1) (sin + 1) = 0
†KvY‡K wWwMÖ‡Z wbY©q Ki| 2 nq, 2 sin 1 = 0 A_ev, sin + 1 = 0
1 ev, sin = 1
2 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, p cos q sin = p + q r . 2
4 ev, sin = 2
3
M. x = 2 cos n‡j, Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| ev, sin = sin 2
[†hLv‡b 0 < < 2] 4 3
[Kzwgjøv †evW© 2020] ev, = 2
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 13
1 1 3
1g PZzf©v‡M, sin = 2 = sin 6 =482
1 3
=6 =22
6 5 13 2
2q PZzf©v‡M, sin = sin 6 = sin 6 = sin 6
=2 = 2 1
5 cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos . (cÖgvwYZ)
= 6
N GLv‡b, OM = x, PM = y, P
3
wKš‘ = 2 cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡K wm× bv Kivq Gi GB gvb OP = 2
x +y 2
x2 + y2
y
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| GLb, x2 + y2 + x = 3y
x2 + y 2 x
5 O x M
wb‡Y©q gvb : = 6, 6 | ev, y +y= 3
[Dfqcÿ‡K y Øviv fvM K‡i]
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 10 OP OM
ev, +
PM PM
= 3
OP OM
P(x, y) ev, cosec + cot = 3 cosec = PM cot = PM
1 cos
ev, sin + sin = 3
ev, 1 +sincos = 3
O
M
ev, 1 + cos = 3 sin
K. 555453 †K †iwWqv‡b cÖKvk Ki| 2 2
ev, (1 + cos )2 = ( 3 sin ) [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
L. x = 1, y = 3 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
ev, 1 + 2 cos + cos2 = 3 sin2
cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos . 4
ev, 1 + 2 cos + cos2 = 3(1 cos2 )
M. x2 + y 2 + x = 3y n‡j wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 1 + 2 cos + cos2 = 3 3 cos2
[mwdDwÏb miKvi GKv‡Wgx GÛ K‡jR, U½x, MvRxcyi]
ev, 1 + 2 cos + cos2 3 + 3 cos2 = 0
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb ev, 4 cos2 + 2 cos 2 = 0
53
L 555453 = 55 54 60 ev, 2 cos2 + cos 1 = 0
ev, 2 cos2 + 2 cos cos 1 = 0
3293 201293
= 55 ev, 2 cos (cos + 1) 1(cos + 1) = 0
60 60 = 3600
ev, (cos + 1) (2 cos 1) = 0
201293
= 3600 180 †iwWqvb
1 =
c
180[ ] cos + 1 = 0
ev, cos = 1
A_ev, 2 cos 1 = 0
ev, cos = 12
=
201293 3.1416
3600 180 †iwWqvb (cÖvq) = 180
ev, cos = cos 60
= 0.9759 †iwWqvb (cÖvq) wKš‘, 180
= 60
555453 = 0.9759 †iwWqvb (cÖvq)|
wb‡Y©q gvb 60.
M GLv‡b, x = 1, y = 3 n‡j,
x2 + y 2 = 1 2 + ( 3 2)
cvVm~Î : †Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZ
= 1+3= 4=2 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 11 A = sec + tan Ges B = cos 256 .
y
GLb, tan = x
x2 + y2
K. B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
3 y x2 1
ev, tan = 1 = 3 L. hw` A = x nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, sin = x2 + 1. 4
ev, tan = 3 = tan 60 x
M. Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb¸‡jv wbY©q Ki hLb A = 3 Ges 0 < < 2. 4
= 60 [Kzwgjøv †evW© 2017]
evgcÿ = cos 3 11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
= cos 3 60
25
= cos 180 L †`Iqv Av‡Q, B = cos 6
=1
Wvbcÿ = 4 cos3 3 cos 25 3
= cos 6 = cos 4 + 6 = cos 6 = 2
= 4 cos3 60 3 cos 60
1 3 1 3
= 4 2 3 2 B Gi gvb 2 .
14 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = sec + tan m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 12 (i) tan A = 125 ; tan A I sin A wecixZ wPýwewkó|
Ges A = x n‡j, sec + tan = x
ev, tan + sec = x (ii) PQR-G Q = 90, PRQ = ,
PQ
sin 1
ev, cos + cos = x PR
Ges QR
=a PR
= b.
sin + 1
K. sin B + cos B = 1 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, sin B cos B = 1. 2
ev, cos
=x
L. sin ( A) + cot A
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
sec ( A) cosec A
(sin + 1)2 b 2
ev, = x2 [eM© K‡i] 1 5
cos2 M. a2 + a2 = 3 n‡j Gi gvb wbY©q Ki; †hLv‡b, 0 < < 2. 4
(sin + 1) (sin + 1) [beve dqRy‡bœQv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, Kzwgjøv]
ev, = x2
1 – sin2
(sin + 1) (sin + 1) 12bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
ev, = x2
(1 + sin ) (1 – sin ) L GLv‡b, sin B + cos B = 1
1 + sin ev, (sin B + cos B)2 = 12 [eM© K‡i]
ev, = x2
1 – sin ev, sin2 B + cos2 B + 2 sin B . cos B = 1
1 + sin – 1 + sin x2 – 1
ev, = 2 [we‡qvRb-†hvRb K‡i] ev, 1 + 2 sin B cos B = 1
1 + sin + 1 – sin x + 1
2
2 sin x – 1 ev, 2 sin B cos B = 0
ev, 2 = x2 + 1 Avevi, (sin B cos B)2 = (sin B + cos B)2 4 sin B cos B
x2 – 1 = 12 4 . 0 = 1
sin = x2 + 1. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
sin B cos B = 1. (cÖgvwYZ)
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = sec + tan Ges A = 3 M †`Iqv Av‡Q, tan A = 12
5
sec + tan = 3
cv‡ki wPÎ n‡Z, C
1 sin
ev, cos + cos = 3 AC = AB + BC 2 2
13 5
1 + sin = 122 + 52
ev, cos = 3
= 144 + 25 A B
ev, 1 + sin = 3 cos 12
= 169 = 13
ev, (1 + sin )2 = ( 3 cos )2 [eM© K‡i] BC 5
sin A = AC = 13
ev, 1 + 2 sin + sin2 = 3 cos2
ev, 1 + 2 sin + sin2 = 3(1 sin2 ) [†h‡nZz tan A I sin A wecixZ wPýhy³]
AB 12
ev, 1 + 2 sin + sin2 = 3 3 sin2 cos A = AC = 13 [ tan A abvZ¥K Ges sin A FYvZ¥K]
ev, 1 + 2 sin + sin2 3 + 3 sin2 = 0 1 1 13
ev, 4 sin2 + 2 sin 2 = 0 cosec A = sin A = 5 = 5
ev, 2 sin2 + sin 1 = 0 13
ev, 2 sin2 + 2 sin sin 1 = 0 1 1 13
sec A = cos A = 12 = 12
ev, 2 sin (sin + 1) 1(sin + 1) = 0
13
ev, (sin + 1) (2 sin 1) = 0
1 1 12
sin + 1 = 0 A_ev, 2 sin 1 = 0 cot A = tan A = 5 = 5
ev, sin = 1 1 12
3
ev, sin = 2
ev, sin = sin 2 sin( A) + cot A
cÖ`Ë ivwk =
sec ( A) cosec A
3
= 2 5 12
13 + 5
1 1
sin A + cot A
= =
sin = 2 n‡j, sin = 2 = sin 6 sec A cosec A 13 13
12 5
=6 5 12 25 + 156
1 13 + 5 13 5
sin = 2 = sin 6 = 13 13 =
12 + 5
65 + 156
5 12 5
= 6
181
5 3 13 5 181 12 5 2172
wKš‘ = 6 , 2 mgxKiY‡K wm× bv Kivq Gi GB gvbØq = 91 = 91 = 1183
13 5
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| 12 5
2172
wb‡Y©q gvb : = 6. wb‡Y©q gvb = 1183.
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 15
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, PQR G Q = 90, PRQ = M †`Iqv Av‡Q,
PQ
PR
=a Gi QR
PR
=b cot 2 B = Q
3
PQ P
GLv‡b, PR = a ev, sin = a Q= 3 n‡j,
cot 2 B = 3
a = sin 3
QR
Ges PR = b
R Q ev, tan B = tan 3
ev, cos = b
b = cos
B=3
b2 1 5 cos2 1 5
GLb, a2 + a2 = 3 n‡j, sin2 + sin2 = 3 evgcÿ = cos 3B
= cos3. 3
cos2 + 1 5
ev, sin2 = 3
ev, 5 sin2 = 3 cos2 + 3 = cos = 1
ev, 5 sin2 3(1 sin2 ) = 3 Wvbcÿ = 4 cos3 B 3 cos B
3
ev, 5 sin2 3 + 3 sin2 = 3 = 4 cos 3 3 cos 3
ev, 8 sin2 = 3 + 3 = 6
1 3 1
6 3 3 = 42 3.2
ev, sin2 = 8 = 4 sin = 2
1 3
1g PZzf©v‡M, sin = 23 = sin 3 =3 = 4.8 2
1 3
3 2 =22
2q PZzf©v‡M, sin = 2 = sin 3 = sin 3
13
2 = 2
= 3
2
3 = 2 =1
Avevi, sin = 2 n‡j,
4 cos 3B = 4 cos3 B 3 cos B. (cÖgvwYZ)
Z…Zxq PZzf©v‡M, sin = sin + 3 = sin 3 = 4
3 N †`Iqv Av‡Q, 3 sin x cos x = P
3 5
PZz_© PZzf©v‡M, sin = 2 = sin 2 3 = sin 3 P = 2 n‡j, 3 sin x cos x = 2
5 ev, 3 sin x = 2 + cos x
= 3
ev, ( 3 sin x)2 = (2 + cos x)2 [eM© K‡i]
2 4 5 ev, 3 sin2 x = 4 + 4 cos x + cos2 x
wb‡Y©q gvb : = 3, 3 , 3 , 3 .
ev, 3(1 cos2 x) = 4 + 4 cos x + cos2 x
ev, 3 3cos2 x 4 4 cos x cos2 x = 0
cvVm~Î : c~Y©msL¨v n(n 4) Gi Rb¨ 2 †Kv‡Yi
n
ev, 4 cos2 x 4 cos x 1 = 0
w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZ wbY©q I cÖ‡qvM ev, 4 cos2 x + 4 cos x + 1 = 0
ev, (2 cos x)2 + 2.2 cos x.1 + 12 = 0
Ges cot 2 B = Q.
3
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 13 3 sin x cos x = P ev, (2 cos x + 1)2 = 0
K. 10 †m.wg. e¨vmva©wewkó e„‡Ëi †h Pvc †K‡›`ª 30 †KvY Drcbœ ev, 2 cos x + 1 = 0
K‡i, Zvi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 ev, 2 cos x = 1
3 1
L. Q = 3 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, cos3 B = 4 cos B 3 cos B. 4 ev, cos x = 2
M. P = 2 Ges 0 x 2 n‡j, x Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
[w`bvRcyi †evW© 2020] ev, cos x = cos 3
13bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 2
2q PZzf©v‡M, cos x = cos 3 = cos 3
L †`Iqv Av‡Q,
B 2
e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = 10 †m.wg. x= 3
Ges = 30 O
30
A
4
= 30 180 †iwWqvb = 6 †iwWqvb 3q PZzf©v‡M, cos x = cos + 3 = cos 3
e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨, AB = S = r 4
x = 3 ; hv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq KviY mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i bv|
= 10 6 †m.wg. = 5.236 †m.wg. 2
wb‡Y©q gvb : x = 3 .
wb‡Y©q Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ 5.236 †m.wg. (cÖvq)|
16 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 14 f(x) = sin x ev, 2 cos x 1 = 0 Avevi,
K. 5 †m.wg. e¨vmva©wewkó e„‡Ëi †h Pvc †K‡›`ª 60 †KvY Drcbœ ev, 2 cos x = 1 cos x = cos 2 4
K‡i Zvi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 1
ev, cos x = 8
2
ev, cos x = cos 4
L. hw` af() + bf2 = c nq, Zvn‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
ev, cos x = cos 4 7
x= 4
af 2 b f() = a2 + b2 c2. 4
x=4
M. mgvavb Ki : f(x) + f2 x = 2, hLb 0 x 2. 4 7
[wm‡jU †evW© 2017]
wKš‘ x = 4 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq; †Kbbv GwU mgxKi‡K wm× K‡i bv|
14bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
wb‡Y©q mgvavb, x = 4.
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r = OA = 5 †m.wg.
B
†K‡›`ª Drcbœ †KvY, cvVm~Î : mnR w·KvYwgwZK mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb
= AOB = 60
60 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 15 M = cosec + cot , N = 2 cos2 + 3 sin .
= 60 180 †iwWqvb = 3 †iwWqvb O A
r = 5 ˆm.wg. K. 369 †K †iwWqv‡b cÖKvk Ki| 2
awi, e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨, AB = S L. N = 3 n‡j, Gi gvb wbY©q Ki, hLb 0 < < . 4
5 31416 p2 + 1
M. M = p n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, sec = p2 1. 4
Avgiv Rvwb, S = r = 5 3 = 3 †m.wg. = 5236 †m.wg.
[wm‡jU †evW© 2020]
e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ 5236 †m.wg.|
15bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, f(x) = sin x, f() = sin
9
Ges f2 = sin 2 = cos L 36 9 = 36 60
2169
GLb, af() + bf2 = c = 60
ev, a sin + b cos = c 2169 2169 c
= =
ev, (a sin + b cos )2 = (c)2; [eM© K‡i] 60 60 3600 180
241 c
ev, a2 sin2 + b2 cos2 + 2ab sin cos = c2 .......... (1) = 400 180 = 0.0105156c (cÖvq)|
Avevi, awi, af 2 bf() = x M †`Iqv Av‡Q, N = 2 cos2 + 3 sin
ev, a cos b sin = x N = 3 n‡j,
ev, (a cos b sin )2 = (x)2 [eM© K‡i] 2 cos2 + 3 sin = 3
ev, a2cos2 + b2 sin2 2ab sin cos = x2 ....(2) ev, 2(1 sin2 ) + 3 sin 3 = 0
(1) I (2) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB, ev, 2 2 sin2 + 3 sin 3 = 0
a2 sin2 + b2 cos2 + 2ab sin cos + a2cos2 + ev, 2 sin2 + 3 sin 1 = 0
b2 sin2 2ab sin cos = c2 + x2 ev, 2 sin2 3 sin + 1 = 0
ev, a2(sin2 + cos2 ) + b2(sin2 + cos2 ) = x2 + c2
ev, 2 sin2 2 sin sin + 1 = 0
ev, a21 +b21 = x2 + c2 [ sin2 + cos2 = 1]
ev, 2 sin (sin 1) 1(sin 1) = 0
ev, a 2 + b2 = x2 + c 2
ev, (2 sin 1) (sin 1) = 0
ev, x2 = a 2 + b 2 c 2
nq, 2 sin 1 = 0 A_ev, sin 1 = 0
ev, x = a2 + b2 c2 1 ev, sin = 1
ev, sin = 2
af 2 b f() = a2 + b2 c2. (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, sin = sin 2
ev, sin = sin 6
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, f(x) = sin x
1 =2
Ges f2 x = sin2 x = cos x sin = 2 n‡j,
f(x) + f2 x = 2 ; hLb 0 x 2 1g PZzf©v‡M, sin = sin 6
ev, sin x + cos x = 2
=6
ev, sin x = 2 cos x
6
ev, sin2 x = 2 2 2 cos x + cos2 x 2q PZzf©v‡M, sin = sin 6 = sin 6
ev, 1 cos2 x = 2 2 2 cos x + cos2 x 5
= 6
ev, 2cos2 x 2 2 cos x + 1 = 0
ev, ( 2 cos x 1)2 = 0 5
wb‡Y©q gvb : = 2, 6, 6 .
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 17
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, M = cosec + cot GLb, sin = 1 cos2
M = p n‡j, cosec + cot = p 3 2
= 1 5
1 cos
ev, sin + sin = p
9
1 + cos = 1 25
ev, sin = p
25 9
(1 + cos )2 = 25
ev, sin2 = p2 [eM© K‡i]
16 4
= 25 = 5
(1 + cos )2
ev, 1 cos2 = p2 sin cos + 1
evgcÿ = sin + cos 1
(1 + cos )2
ev, (1 + cos )(1 cos ) = p2 4 3 43+5 6
55+1 5 5 6 5
1 + cos =4 3 = = = =3
ev, 1 cos = p2 4+35 2 5 2
5+51 5 5
1 + cos + 1 cos p2 + 1
ev, 1 + cos 1 + cos = p2 1 [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] 4 5+4 9
1+5
1 + sin 5 5 9 5
2 p2 + 1 Wvbcÿ = cos = 3 = 3 = 3 = 5 3 = 3
ev, 2 cos = p2 1
5 5 5
p2 + 1 sin cos + 1 1 + sin
sec = 2 . (cÖgvwYZ) = . (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
p 1 sin + cos 1 cos
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 16 cot + cosec = m. N †`Iqv Av‡Q, cot + cosec = m
m= 3 n‡j, cot + cosec = 3
K. cosec cot Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
cos 1
sin cos + 1 1 + sin ev, + = 3
L. m = 2 n‡j †`LvI †h, sin + cos 1 = cos . 4 sin sin
cos + 1
M. m = 3 n‡j Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| †hLv‡b 0 2. 4 ev, sin
= 3
[PÆMÖvg †evW© 2017] ev, 1 + cos = 3 sin
16bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb ev, (1 + cos )2 = ( 3 sin )2 [eM© K‡i]
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, cot + cosec = m ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2 = 3 sin2
Avgiv Rvwb, cosec2 cot2 = 1 ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2 = 3(1 cos2 )
ev, (cosec + cot ) (cosec cot ) = 1 ev, 1 + 2 cos + cos2 = 3 3cos2
ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2 3 + 3cos2 = 0
ev, m(cosec cot ) = 1
ev, 4cos2 + 2 cos 2 = 0
1
cosec cot = m. ev, 4cos2 + 4 cos 2 cos 2 = 0
ev, 4cos (cos + 1) 2(cos +1) = 0
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, cot + cosec = m ev, (4 cos 2) (cos + 1) = 0
m = 2 n‡j, cot + cosec = 2 nq, 4 cos 2 = 0 A_ev, cos + 1 = 0
cos 1 ev, 4 cos = 2 ev, cos = 1
ev, sin + sin = 2
2 ev, cos = cos
cos + 1 ev, cos = 4
ev, sin = 2 =
1
ev, cos = 2
(cos + 1)2
ev, = 22 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
sin2 ev, cos = cos 3
(1 + cos )2
ev, 1 cos2 = 4 [ sin2 = 1 cos2 ]
=3
(1 + cos ) (1 + cos ) 1 + cos
ev, (1 + cos ) (1 cos ) = 4 ev, 1 cos = 4 5
Avevi, cos = cos 3 = cos 2 3 = cos 3
1 + cos + 1 cos 4 + 1 5
ev, 1 + cos 1 + cos = 4 1 [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] = 3
2 5 1 5 5
ev, 2 cos = 3 ev, cos = 3 wKš‘ = , 3 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
3
cos = 5 [wecixZKiY K‡i] wb‡Y©q gvb, = 3.
18 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
Aa¨vq 9 m~PKxq I jMvwi`gxq dvskb
cvVm~Î : g~j` I Ag~j` m~PK Y
(3, 1.38) (5, 1.79)
2 2 (4, 1.60)
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 A = p 2
33 33 +2 (2, 1.09)
(1, 0.69)
Ges f(x) = ln (1 + x) ; x 0.
x y
K. (25) = (125) n‡j x : y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 X O (0, 0) X
L. A = 0 n‡j †`LvI †h, 3p3 + 9p = 8. 4
Y
M. f(x) Gi eY©bvmn †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki| 4
QK KvM‡R X I Y Aÿ eivei ÿz`ªZg 5 e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 1
[wm‡jU †evW© 2017]
GKK a‡i cÖvß we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM K‡i f(x) Gi †jLwPÎ
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb A¼b Kwi| †jLwPÎwU g~jwe›`yMvgx|
L GLv‡b, (25)x = (125)y 2 1
ev, (52)x = (53)y m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 x = 2 + 23 + 23
ev, 52x = 53y ab log (ab) bc log (bc) ca log (ca)
Ges a +kb = b +k c = c +k a n‡j,
ev, 2x = 3y
K. (16)2x = 4x + 1 n‡j x = KZ? 2
x 3
ev, y = 2 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, x3 6x2 + 6x 2 = 0. 4
M. †`LvI †h, aa = bb = cc. 4
x:y=3:2 [K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, iscyi]
x : y Gi gvb 3 : 2.
2 2
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
3 L GLv‡b, (16)2x = 4x + 1
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = p2 33 3 +2
ev, (42)2x = 4x + 1
GLv‡b, A = 0
2 2
ev, 44x = 4x+1
3 ev, 4x = x + 1
ev, p2 33 3 +2=0
2 2 ev, 4x x = 1
ev, p2 = 33 +3 2 3 ev, 3x = 1
2 2 1
p = (3 ) + (3 ) 2
1 1
2 3 3 x=3
ev,
2 2 M †`Iqv Av‡Q,
( ) 2.3 . 3 + (3 )
1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 2 1
2
ev, p = 3 x = 2 + 23 + 23
2 2 1
p = (3 3 )
1 1
2 3 3 ev, x 2 = 23 + 23
ev,
( )
2 1 3
1
3
1
3
ev, (x 2)3 = 23 + 23 [Nb K‡i]
ev, p = 3 3 [eM©g~j K‡i]
() () ( )
2 3 1 3 2 1 2 1
3 2 2 3
ev, x 3.x .2 + 3.x.2 2 = 23 + 23 + 3.23.23 23 + 23
( ) [Nb K‡i]
1 1 3
3 3 2 1
+
ev, (p)3 = 3 3 ev, x3 6x2 + 12x 8 = 22 + 2 + 3.23 3 . (x 2)
2+1
3 3
( ) ( ) 3.3 . 3 (3 3 )
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 ev, x 6x + 12x 8 = 4 + 2 + (x 2) 3.2 3 .
3
ev, p = 3 3 ev, 3 2
x 6x + 12x 8 = 6 + 3.2 (x 2)
p = 3 3 3.3 . p [ 3 3 = p]
1
1
3 3
ev, x3 6x2 + 12x 8 = 6 + 6x 12
3 1 0
ev, ev, x3 6x2 + 12x 8 6 6x + 12 = 0
1 x3 6x2 + 6x 2 = 0. (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, p3 = 3 3 3p
ab logk (ab) bc logk (bc) ca logk (ca)
ev, 3p3 = 9 1 9p [Dfqcÿ‡K 3 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] N awi, a+b = b+c = c+a =m
3p3 + 9p = 8. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ab log (ab)
AZGe, a +kb = m
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, f(x) = ln (1 + x); x 0 ev, ab logk (ab) = m (a + b)
awi, y = f(x) = ln (1 + x) 1 1
ev, logk (ab) = m b + a [Dfqcÿ‡K ab Øviv fvM K‡i]
x Gi wewfbœ gv‡bi Rb¨ y Gi mswkøó gvb wbY©q Kwi :
1 1
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 logka + logkb = m a + b.................. (i)
y 0 069 109 138 160 179
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 19
bc log (bc) 3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
Avevi, b +k c = m
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, P = xa b Ges R = xc a
ev, bc logk (bc) = m (b + c) P
1 1 Ges log R = 0
ev, logk (bc) = m c + b [Dfqcÿ‡K bc Øviv fvM K‡i]
xa b
1 1 ev, log xc a = log1
logkb + logkc = m b + c ....................... (ii)
ev, xa b c + a = 1
1 1
Abyiƒcfv‡e, logkc + logka = m c + a ............ (iii) ev, x2abc = x0
GLb, (i), (ii) I (iii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB, ev, 2a b c = 0
logka + logkb + logkb + logkc + logkc + logka b + c = 2a. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1 1 1 1 1 1
= m a + b + m b + c + m c + a M †`Iqv Av‡Q, P = xa b, Q = xb c Ges R = xc a
1 1 1
1 1 1 evgcÿ = 1 + Q + P1 + 1 + R + Q1 + 1 + P + R1
ev, 2(logka + logkb + logkc) = 2m a + b + c
1 1 1
1 1 1 = 1 + 1 +
logka + logkb + logkc = m a + b + c ............... (iv) bc ca ab 1
1+x + 1+x + 1+x +
xa b xb c xc a
mgxKiY (iv) (i) n‡Z cvB, 1 1 1
= + +
1 1 1 1 1 1 + x b c + xb a 1 + x c a + xc b 1 + xa b + xa c
logka + logkb + logkc logka logkb = m a + b + c m a + b
= b
x b x c x a
b a + c c b + a
1 1 1 1 1 x (1 + x + x ) x (1 + x + x ) x (1 + x a b + xa c)
bc ca
ev, logkc = m a + b + c a b x b x c x a
= b c a + c a b + a
1 x +x +x x +x +x x + x b + x c
ev, logkc = m . c b
x +x +x c a a
x +x +x b c
= a = = 1 = Wvbcÿ
ev, c logkc = m [c Øviv ¸Y K‡i] x + x b + x c x a + x b + x c
logkcc = m ......................... (v) 1 1 1
+ + . (cÖgvwYZ)
(iv) (ii) n‡Z cvB, 1 + Q + P1 1 + R + Q1 1 + P + R1
1 1 1 1 1 N
logka + logkb + logkc logkb logkc = m a + b + c m b + c †`Iqv Av‡Q, P = xa b, Q = x b c Ges R = xc a
evgcÿ = (c + a)log (PQ) + (a + b)log (QR) + (b + c) log (PR)
1 1 1 1 1
ev, logka = m a + b + c b c = (c + a)log (xa bxb c) + (a + b)log (xb cxc a)
+ (b + c) log ((xa bxc a)
1 = (c + a)log(x ab+bc
) + (a + b)log(xb c + c) + (b + c)log(xa b + c a)
ev, logka = m . a
= (c + a)log xa c + (a + b) logxb a + (b + c) log xc b
ev, a logka = m [a Øviv ¸Y K‡i] = (c + a) (a c) log x + (a + b) (b a) log x + (b + c) (c b) log x
logkaa = m ............ (vi) = (a2 c2) log x + (b2 a2) log x + (c2 b2) log x
(iv) (iii) n‡Z cvB, = (a2 c2 + b2 a2 + c2 b2) log x
1 1 1 1 1 = 0 log x = 0 = Wvbcÿ
logka + logkb + logkc logkc logka = m a + b + c m c + a
(c + a)log (PQ) + (a + b)log (QR) + (b + c)log (PR) = 0. (cÉgvwYZ)
1 1 1 1 1
ev, logkb = m a + b + c c a 2 2
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4 p2 + 2 = 33 + 3 3 Ges
1
ev, logkb = m. b 1 1 1
L= + + .
ev, b. logkb = m [b Øviv ¸Y K‡i] xb + xc + 1 xc + xa + 1 xa + xb + 1
logkbb = m .............. (vii) K. log(1 5x) Gi †Wv‡gb wbY©q Ki| 2
(v), (vi) I (vii) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB, L. p 0 n‡j, †`LvI †h, 3p3 + 9p = 8. 4
logkaa = logkbb = logkcc M. a + b + c = 0 n‡j †`LvI †h, L = 1. 4
myZivs, aa = bb = cc. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) [†m›U †MÖMix nvB ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
cvVm~Î : m~PK m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ m~Î (g~j` I Ag~j` m~P‡Ki Rb¨) L awi, ƒ(x) = log (1 5x)
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 P = xa b, Q = xb c, R = xc a. †h‡nZz jMvwi`g mKj ev¯Íe abvZ¥K msL¨vi Rb¨ msÁvwqZ|
P 1 5x > 0
K. log R = 0 n‡j, †`LvI †h, b + c = 2a. 2 ev, 1 > 5x
1 1 1 ev, 5x < 1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, 1 + Q + P1 + 1 + R + Q1 + 1 + P + R1 = 1. 4 1
x<5
M. cÖgvY Ki †h,
1
(c + a) log (PQ) + (a + b) log (QR) + (b + c) log (PR) = 0. 4 †Wv‡gb, Df = 5.
[XvKv †evW© 2017]
20 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, M †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 logkx – logk (3 + x)
2 2
3 A=0 n‡j, 2 logk x – logk (3 + x) = 0
p2 + 2 = 33 +3
2
2 ev, 2logk x = logk (3 + x)
ev, p2 = 33 + 3 3 2 ev, logkx2 = logk(3 + x)
( ) + (3 ) 2.3 . 3
1 1
2
3
2 2 2
3 ev, x2 = 3 + x
ev, p2 = 33 3
ev, x2 – x – 3 = 0
p = (3 3 )
1 1 2
3
ev, 2 3 – (– 1) (– 1)2 – 4.1.(– 3)
1 1
ev, x = 2.1
3
ev, p = 33 3 1 1 + 12
ev, x =
( ) [Nb K‡i] 2
1 1 3
3 3
ev, p3= 3 3 1
ev, x = 2 (1 13)
p = (3 ) (3 ) 3.3 . 3 (3 3 )
1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3
ev, 3
1
1 1
1 wKš‘ x = 2 (1 13) MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
3
ev, p = 3 3 3.p [p = 33 3 3]
1
x = 2 (1 + 13). (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
91
ev, p3 + 3p = 3
N †`Iqv Av‡Q,
8
ev, p3 + 3p = 3 B = 1 + logp qr = logp p + logp qr = logp (pqr)
C = 1 + logq rp = logq q + logq rp = logq (pqr)
3p3 + 9p = 8 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) Ges D = 1 + logr pq = logr r + logr pq = logr (pqr)
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, evgcÿ = B–1 + C–1 + D–1
1 1 1 1 1 1
L= + + Ges a + b + c = 0 =B+C+D
xb + xc + 1 xc + xa + 1 xa + xb + 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
GLb, L = xb + xc + 1 + xc + xa + 1 + xa + xb + 1 = log (pqr) + log (pqr) + log (pqr)
p q r
xb xa 1 = logpqr p + logpqr q + logpqr r
ev, L = xb xb + xc xb + xb + xc xa + xa xa + xa + xa + xb + 1 = logpqr (pqr)
= 1 = Wvbcÿ
xb xa 1
ev, L = 1 + x(b + c) + xb + xc + a + 1 + xa + xa + xb + 1 B + C–1 + D–1 = 1. (cÖgvwYZ)
–1
xb xa 1
ev, L = 1 + xa + xb + xb + 1 + xa + xa + xb + 1 [ a + b + c = 0] m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 6 (i) ax = by = cz, †hLv‡b, a b c.
xb + xa + 1 1 + xa + xb (ii) x = aq + r. bp, y = ar + p. bq, z = ap + q. br.
ev, L = 1 + xa + xb = 1 + xa + xb = 1 1 1 2
K. b2 = ac n‡j (i) n‡Z †`LvI †h, x + z = y . 2
L = 1. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1 1 1 3
L. (i) n‡Z abc = 1 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, x3 + y3 + z3 = xyz. 4
cvVm~Î : jMvwi`g I jMvwi`‡gi m~Îvewj M. (ii) n‡Z (q r) logk x + (r p) logk y + (p q) logk z Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5 A = 2 logk x logk (3 + x), B = 1 + logpqr, [mwdDwÏb miKvi GKv‡Wgx GÛ K‡jR, U½x, MvRxcyi]
C = 1 + logqrp Ges D = 1 + logrpq. 6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
p q L †`Iqv Av‡Q, a = by = cz x
K. C = 3 n‡j, †`LvI †h, q = r . 2 ax = by cz = by
1 y y
L. A = 0 n‡j, †`LvI †h, x = 2 (1 + 13). 4 ev, a = bx ev, c = bz
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, B1 + C1 + D1 = 1. 4 GLv‡b, b2 = ac
y y
[Kzwgjøv †evW© 2019]
ev, b2 = bx bz
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb y y
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, C = 1 + logqrp ev, b2 = bx + z
y y
C=3 n‡j, 1 + logq rp = 3 ev, 2 = x + z
ev, logq rp = 3 – 1 1 1
ev, logq rp = 2 ev, 2 = yx + z
ev, rp = q2 2 1 1
ev, y = x + z
p q
q = r. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 1 1 2
x + z = y. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 21
z z cÖ`Ë ivwk = log(1 + ac)
M K n‡Z cvB, a = cx Ges b = cy = log b2 [(1) bs e¨envi K‡i]
GLv‡b, abc = 1 = 2 log b
z z
x y
ev, c c .c = 1 wb‡Y©q gvb : 2 log b.
z z 2 2
x+y+1
ev, c = c0 M †`Iqv Av‡Q, a2 + 2 = 3 + 3
3 3
z z 2 2
a = (3 ) + (3 ) 2
ev, x + y + 1 = 0 1
3
1
3
2
z z ev,
ev, x + y = 1 2 2
( ) 2.3 . 3 + (3 )
1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 ev, 2
a = 3
ev, x + y = z 2
a = (3 3 )
1 1
1 1 1 2 3 3
x+y+z=0 ev,
1 1
1 1 1 3 3
evgcÿ = x3 + y3 + z3 ev, a = 3 3 [eM©g~j K‡i]
3
1 3 1 3 1 3
( ) [Nb K‡i]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= x + y + z 3 x y z + 3 x y z
1
3 3 3
ev, (a) = 3 3
1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
= x + y + z x + y + z x y y z z x + xyz
3 3
( ) ( ) 3.3 . 3 (3 3 )
1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, 3
a = 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
ev, a3 = 3 3 1 3.30. a
= 0 x2 + y2 + z2 xy yz zx + xyz
1
3
= xyz = Wvbcÿ ev, a3 = 3 3 3a
1 1 1 3 ev, 3a3 = 9 1 9a [Dfqcÿ‡K 3 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
x3 + y3 + z3 = xyz. (cÖgvwYZ)
3a3 + 9a = 8
p
N †`Iqv Av‡Q, x = a
q+r
b myZivs, 3a3 + 9a = 8. (cÖgvwYZ)
r+p q p+q r
y=a b ;z=a b 2+x
N awi, y = f(x) = ln 2 x
cÖ`Ë ivwk = (q r)logk x + (r p)logk y + (p q)logk z
q
= (q r)logk (a
q+r p
b ) + (r p)logk (a
r+q
b ) †h‡nZz jMvwi`g ïaygvÎ abvZ¥K ev¯Íe msL¨vi Rb¨ msÁvwqZ nq|
p+q r 2+x
+ (p q)logk (a b ) > 0 hw` (i) 2 + x > 0 Ges 2 x > 0 nq
q+r p r+p q 2x
= (q r) (logk a + logk b ) + (r p) (logk a + logk b )
p+q r A_ev, (ii) 2 + x < 0
+ (p q) (logk a + logk b )
= (q r) (q + r)logk a + (q r) plogk b Ges 2 x < 0 nq
+ (r p) (r + p) logka + (r p)q logk b (i) bs n‡Z cvB, x > 2 Ges x > 2
+ (p q) (p + q) logka + (p q)r logkb ev, x > 2 Ges x < 2
= (q2 r2)logk a + (pq pr)logk b
†Wv‡gb = {x : 2 < x} {x : x < 2} = ( 2, ) ( , 2)
+ (r2 p2)logk a + (qr pq) logkb
+ (p2 q2)logka + (pr qr)logkb = ( 2, 2)
= (q r + r p + p2 q2) logka
2 2 2 2
n‡Z cvB, x < 2 Ges x < 2
(ii) bs
+ (pq pr + qr pq + pr qr) logkb ev, x < 2 Ges x > 2
= 0 logka + 0 logkb = 0 + 0 = 0
†Wv‡gb = {x : x < 2} {x : x > 2} =
wb‡Y©q gvb 0.
cÖ`Ë dvsk‡bi †W‡gb
cvVm~Î : m~PKxq, jMvwi`gxq I ciggvb dvskb Df = (i) I (ii) Gi †ÿ‡Î cÖvß †Wv‡g‡bi ms‡hvM
2 2 = ( 2, 2) = ( 2, 2)
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 7 a2 + 2 = 33 + 3 3 Ges f(x) = ln 2 + x . †iÄ : y = f(x) = ln 22 + xx
2x
K. a, b Ges c wZbwU µwgK abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v n‡j, ev, ey = 22 + xx
log (1 + ac) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, 3a3 + 9a = 8. 4 ev, 2 + x = 2ey xey
M. f(x) Gi †Wv‡gb Ges †iÄ wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, x(1 + ey) = 2(ey 1)
1) y
[B¯úvnvbx cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, Kzwgjøv]
ev, x = 2(e
ey + 1
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, a, b, c wZbwU µwgK abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v y Gi mKj ev¯Íe gv‡bi Rb¨ x-Gi gvb ev¯Íe nq|
†h‡nZz a, b, c wZbwU µwgK abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v cÖ`Ë dvsk‡bi †iÄ, Rf =
b2 = 1+ ac .................. (1) wb‡Y©q †Wv‡gb, Df = ( 2, 2) Ges †iÄ Rf =
22 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 8 f(x) = | x + 1 |; 5 x 5. Avevi, x = 5 n‡j, f(x) = | 5 + 1| = | 4| = 4
x = 0 n‡j f(x) = |0 + 1| = | 1 | = 1
K. ciggvb I ciggvb dvsk‡bi msÁv †jL| 2 x = 5 n‡j f(x) = |5 + 1| = | 6 | = 6
L. cÖ`Ë dvsk‡bi †Wv‡gb I †iÄ wbY©q Ki| 4 f(x) Gi †iÄ [1, 6]
M. dvskbwUi †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki Ges †jLwP‡Îi ˆewkó¨ †jL| 4 cÖ`Ë dvsk‡bi †Wv‡gb [ 5, 5] Ges †iÄ [1, 6].
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb N GLv‡b,
f(x) = |x + 1|
L ciggvb : †h‡Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨v x Gi gvb k~b¨, abvZ¥K ev f(x)Gi †jLwPÎ A¼‡bi Rb¨ 5 < x < 5 e¨ewa‡Z x I y Gi
FYvZ¥K| wKš‘ x Gi ciggvb memgqB k~b¨ ev abvZ¥K| x Gi gvb¸‡jvi ZvwjKv wbY©q Kwi :
ciggvb‡K |x| Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq Ges ciggvb wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
msÁvwqZ Kiv nq| QK KvM‡Ri X I Y Aÿ eivei cÖwZ ÿz`ªZg eM©‡K 1 GKK a‡i
x; hLb x > 0 cÖvß we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb K‡i f(x) Gi †jLwPÎ A¼b Kwi :
|x| =
x; hLb x < 0 Y
†hgb : |0| = 0, |3| = 3, | 3| = ( 3) = 3
ciggvb dvskb : hw` x R nq, Z‡e (5 , 6)
x hLb x 0 ( 5 , 4)
y = f(x) = |x| =
x hLb x < 0
X ( 1 , 0) 0 X
†K ciggvb dvskb ejv nq|
M GLv‡b, f(x) = |x + 1|
Y
5x5 e¨ewa‡Z Gi mKj ev¯Íe gv‡bi Rb¨ f(x) Gi ev¯Íe
gvb cvIqv hvq| ˆewkó :
1. †jLwPÎwU Awew”Qbœ|
f(x) Gi †Wv‡gb [ 5, 5] 2. †jLwPÎwU KL‡bv Y A‡ÿi FYvZ¥K w`‡K hv‡e bv|
Aa¨vq 11 ¯’vbv¼ R¨vwgwZ
Y
cvVm~Î : mgZ‡j Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbv¼ A(6, 12)
D(10, 12)
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 A(6, 12), B(2, 3), C(6, 3) I
D(10, 12) GKwU PZzfz©‡Ri PviwU kxl© we›`y|
K. P( 3, 4) Ges Q( 4, 2) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki| 2
L. A, B, C I D we›`y PviwU Øviv MwVZ PZzfz©R AvqZ bv
mvgvšÍwiK Zv wbY©q Ki| 4 X O X
M. ABCD PZzfz©RwUi †h Ask 1g PZz_©fv‡M Ae¯’vb K‡i Zvi B(2, 3) C(6, 3)
†ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 [†¯‹j : cÖwZ eM© = 1 GKK]
[XvKv †evW© 2019]
Y
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (6 2)2 + (12 + 3)2 GKK
L cÖ`Ë we›`yØq P( 3, 4) Ges Q( 4, 2) = 42 + (15)2 GKK
24 = 16 + 225 GKK = 241 GKK
PQ †iLvi Xvj = 4 ( 3)
CD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (6 10)2 + ( 3 12)2 GKK
2
= = ( 4)2 + ( 15)2 GKK
4+3
= 16 + 225 GKK = 241 GKK
2
= AD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (6 10)2 + (12 12)2 GKK
1
=2 = ( 4)2 + 02 GKK = 16 GKK = 4 GKK
wb‡Y©q mij‡iLvi Xvj 2. BC evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (2 6)2 + ( 3 + 3)2 GKK
= ( 4)2 + 02 GKK = 16 GKK = 4 GKK
M GLv‡b, cÖ`Ë we›`y¸‡jv h_vµ‡g A(6, 12), B(2, 3),
†h‡nZz AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ = CD evûi ˆ`N©¨
C(6, 3) Ges D(10, 12) n‡jv GKwU PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y| Ges AD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = BC evûi ˆ`N©¨
XY mgZ‡j we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb K‡i cvB, myZivs ejv hvq ABCD PZzf©yRwU GKwU mvgvšÍwiK A_ev AvqZ|
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 23
BD K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = (2 10)2 + ( 3 12)2 GKK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z PviwU wfbœ we›`y
= ( 8)2 + ( 15)2 GKK h_vµ‡g A(0, 1), B(2, 3), C(6, 7) Ges D(8, k).
= 64 + 225 GKK = 289 GKK = 17 GKK K. hw`, AB = CD nq Z‡e k Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
GLb, BD2 = (17)2 = 289 L. k Gi ÿz`ªZg gv‡bi Rb¨ †`LvI †h, ABCD GKwU AvqZ| 4
AB2 = ( 241)2 = 241 Ges AD2 = 42 = 16 M. Xvj e¨envi K‡i †`LvI †h, AB, BC-Gi Dci j¤^ Ges
AB2 + AD2 = 241 + 16 = 257 BD2 BD mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 4
BD2 AB2 + AD2 [ivRkvnx K¨v‡WU K‡jR, ivRkvnx]
AZGe, wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx ABD mg‡KvYx wÎfzR bq| 2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
myZivs ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, A(0, 1), B( 2, 3), C(6, 7) Ges D(8, k)
N ÔLÕ bs wPÎ e¨envi K‡i,
Ges AB = CD
y 12 12 + 3
AB †iLvi mgxKiY, x 6 = 6 2 GLb, AB = CD
y 12 15 ev, (0 + 2)2 + ( 1 3)2 = (6 8)2 + (7 k)2
ev, x 6 = 4
ev, 4 + 16 = 4 + (7 k)2
ev, 15x 90 = 4y 48 ev, 4 + 16 = 4 + (7 k)2 [eM© K‡i]
ev, 15x 4y = 90 48 ev, (7 k)2 = 16
ev, 15x 4y = 42 ev, 49 14k + k2 = 16
AB †iLvwU X-Aÿ‡K †Q` K‡i e‡j, y = 0 ev, k2 14k + 33 = 0
G‡ÿ‡Î, 15x 4 0 = 42 ev, k2 11k 3k + 33 = 0
ev, 15x = 42 ev, k(k 11) 3(k 11) = 0
42 14 ev, (k 11) (k 3) = 0
ev, x = 15 = 5
14
nq, k 11 = 0 A_ev, k 3 = 0
AB †iLvi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 5 0. k = 11 k=3
wb‡Y©q gvb : k = 11 A_ev, 3.
Avevi, CD †iLvi mgxKiY,
y + 3 3 12 M GLv‡b, k Gi ÿz`ªZg gvb = 3| myZivs D(8, 3)|
=
x 6 6 10 GLv‡b, A (0, 1), B( 2, 3), C(6, 7) Ges D(8, 3) we›`yMy‡jv
y + 3 15
ev, x 6 = 4 ABCD PZzf©yR MVb K‡i|
Y
y + 3 15
ev, x 6 = 4
C(6, 7)
ev, 15x 90 = 4y + 12
ev, 15x 4y = 90 + 12
ev, 15x 4y = 102 B( 2, 3) D(8, 3)
CD †iLvwU X-Aÿ‡K †Q` K‡i e‡j, y = 0
G‡ÿ‡Î, 15x 4 0 = 102
ev, 15x = 102 X O X
102 34 A(0, 1)
ev, x = 15 = 5 †¯‹j : cÖwZ ÿz`ªZg 2 e‡M©i
34 evûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 GKK
CD †iLvi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 5 0.
Y
ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri evû¸‡jv :
14 34
GLb, 1g PZzf©v‡M (6, 12), 5 0, 5 0 I (10, 12) (0 + 2) + ( 1 3)2
2
we›`y¸‡jv AB =
= 20 = 2 5 GKK
Øviv MwVZ PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj
BC = (6 + 2)2 + (7 3)2
14 34 = 80 = 4 5 GKK
1 6
=2 5 5 10 6 eM© GKK CD = (8 6)2 + (7 3)2
12 0 0 12 12
= 20 = 2 5 GKK
1 408 168
= 2 0 + 0 + 5 + 120 5 0 0 72 eM© GKK AD = (8 0)2 + (3 + 1)2
= 80 = 4 5 GKK
1 1008 528
=2
5 5 eM© GKK Ges ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri KY© `yBwU :
1 480 AC = (6 0)2 + (7 + 1)2
= 2 5 eM© GKK = 48 eM© GKK
= 100 = 10 GKK
ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †h Ask 1g PZzf©v‡M Ae¯’vb K‡i Zvi BD = (8 + 2)2 + (3 3)2
†ÿÎdj 48 eM© GKK| = 100 = 10 GKK
24 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
Avgiv Rvwb, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi wecixZ evû¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvbI KY© M GLv‡b, A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (7, 2)
`yBwU mgvb| Ges B we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ ( 4, 2)
GLv‡b, ABCD PZzf©y‡R evû AB = evû CD, evû BC = evû AD A(7, 2) we›`y †_‡K P (t, 2t) we›`yi `~iZ¡ = (t 7)2 + (2t 2)2 GKK
Ges KY© AC = KY© BD B( 4, 2) we›`y †_‡K P(t, 2t) we›`yi `~iZ¡ = (t + 4)2 + (2t 2)2 GKK
myZivs, ABCD GKwU AvqZ| kZ©g‡Z, (t 7)2 + (2t 2)2 = (t + 4)2 + (2t 2)2
AZGe, A, B, C Ges D we›`y PviwU GKwU AvqZ MVb K‡i| ev, (t 7)2 + (2t 2)2 = (t + 4)2 + (2t 2)2 [eM© K‡i]
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ev, (t 7)2 = (t + 4)2
N GLv‡b, AB †iLvi Xvj =
3+1
=
4
=2
ev, t2 2.t.7 + 72 = t2 + 2.t.4 + 42
20 2 ev, t2 14t + 49 = t2 + 8t + 16
73 4 1 ev, t2 14t t2 8t = 16 49
Ges BC †iLvi Xvj = 6 + 2 = 8 = 2
ev, 22t = 33
1
Xvj؇qi ¸Ydj = ( 2) 2 = 1 33 3
ev, t = 22 = 2
Avgiv Rvwb, `yBwU †iLvi Xv‡ji ¸Ydj 1 n‡j Zviv ci¯úi j¤^| 3
myZivs, AB, BC †iLvi Dci j¤^| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) wb‡Y©q gvb : t = 2.
GLb, ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, k = 11 Gi Rb¨, D(8, 11) N GLv‡b, ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y A(7, 2), B( 4, 2),
x+2 y3 C( 4, 3) Ges D(7, 3)
BD mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, =
2 8 3 11
x+2 y3 Y
ev, 10 = 8 B(4, 2)
A(7, 2)
x+2 y3 X O X
ev, 5 = 4 (0, 0)
ev, 4x + 8 = 5y 15 C(4,3) D(7,3)
4x 5y + 23 = 0 ˆÕ•j : cÉwZ eGMÆi
Avevi, ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, k = 3 Gi Rb¨, D(8, 3) Y evüi Š`NÆÅ = 1 ‰KK
x+2 y3
BD †iLvi mgxKiY,
28 33
= AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 4 7)2 + (2 2)2 GKK
x+2 y3 = ( 11)2 + 02 GKK
ev, 10
= 0
= ( 11)2 = 11 GKK
ev, 10y +30 = 0 CD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = {7 ( 4)}2 + { 3 ( 3)}2 GKK
ev, 10y = 30 = (11)2 + 02 = (11)2 = 11 GKK
y=3
BC evûi ˆ`N©¨ = { 4 ( 4)}2 + ( 3 2)2 GKK
wb‡Y©q BD mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, 4x 5y + 23 = 0 A_ev y = 3.
= 02 + ( 5)2
cvVm~Î : `yBwU we›`yi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ = 52 = 5 GKK
AD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (7 7)2 + {2 ( 3)}2 GKK
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 A(7, 2), B( 4, 2), C( 4, 3) Ges D(7, 3)
02 + (5)2
=
we›`y¸‡jv ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y| 52 = 5 GKK
=
K. AB †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 2 AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ = CD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 11 GKK
L. A Ges B we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x Aci GKwU we›`y p(t, 2t) Ges BC evûi ˆ`N©¨ = AD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 5 GKK
n‡j, t Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 wecixZ evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb|
M. †`LvI †h, ABCD PZzfz©RwU GKwU AvqZ| 4 myZivs ejv hvq †h, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK A_ev AvqZ|
[ewikvj †evW© 2017] BD K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = {7 ( 4)}2 + ( 3 2)2 GKK
3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb = (11)2 + ( 5)2 GKK
= 121 + 25 GKK
L GLv‡b, A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (7, 2)
= 146 GKK
Ges B we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ ( 4, 2)
22 0
GLb, BD2 = 146
AB †iLvi Xvj = 4 7 = 11 = 0 AB2 = (11)2 = 121, AD2 = 52 = 25
AB2 + AD2 = 121 + 25 = 146
AB †iLvi mgxKiY, BD2 = AB2 + AD2
y 2 = 0 (x 7) AZGe, wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx ABD GKwU mg‡KvYx
ev, y2=0 wÎfzR Ges BAD = mg‡KvY|
wb‡Y©q mgxKiY y 2 = 0. myZivs ABCD PZzfz©RwU GKwU AvqZ| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4 A(3, 4), B ( 4, 2), C(6, 1) Ges D (k, 3) x-Aÿ‡K †Q` Ki‡j, y = 0
7.0 = 2x + 22
we›`y PviwU Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K AvewZ©Z|
ev, 0 = 2x + 22
K. 5x + 6y = 30 †iLvi Xvj I †Q`K wbY©q Ki| 2 ev, 2x = 22
L. ABCD PZzf©yR †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj ABC Gi †ÿÎd‡ji ev, x = 11
wZb¸Y n‡j k Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 M we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ M( 11, 0).
M. A I B we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLv x I y Aÿ‡K h_vµ‡g M I Ges y Aÿ‡K †Q` Ki‡j, x = 0
N we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| MN Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 7y = 2.0 + 22
[XvKv †iwm‡Wbwmqvj g‡Wj K‡jR, XvKv] ev, 7y = 22
22
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb ev, y = 7
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, 5x + 6y = 30 22
N we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ N 0 7 .
ev, 6y = 5x + 30
ev, y = 56 x + 30 22
(0 + 11)2 + 7 0
2
6 MN =
GKK
5
ev, y = 6 x + 5 ................. (1) 484
= 121 + 49 GKK
(1) bs †K y = mx + c mgxKi‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvB,
5929 + 484
Xvj, m = 56 Ges †Q`K c = 5 = 49 GKK
6413 11 53
AZGe, †iLvwUi Xvj = 56 Ges †Q`K = 5| = 49 = 7 GKK
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, A(3, 4), B( 4, 2), C(6, 1) Ges D(k, 3) 11 53
AZGe, MN Gi ˆ`N©¨ 7 GKK|
GKwU PZzfz©‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y|
ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5 A( 4, 13), B(8, 8), C(13, 4), D(1, 1) Ges
1 3 4 6 k 3 GKwU cÂfz‡Ri cuvPwU kxl©we›`y|
E( 8, 7)
=2 4
2 1 3 4 eM© GKK
K. ABCDE cÂfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2
1 L. ABCD we›`y Øviv MwVZ PZzf©y‡Ri cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki| 4
= 2 (6 + 4 + 18 + 4k + 16 12 + k 9) ”
M. ADE we›`y Øviv MwVZ wÎfz‡Ri cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki| 4
1 [gwZwSj miKvwi evjK D”P we`¨vjq, XvKv]
= 2 (5k + 23) eM© GKK
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
4 6
ABC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 12 34 2 1
3
4 eM© GKK L A( 4, 13), B(8, 8), C(13, 4), D(1, 1) I E( 8, 7)
1
we›`y¸‡jv‡K Nwoi KvUvi wecixZ w`‡K we‡ePbv K‡i
= 2 (6 + 4 + 24 + 16 12 + 3) eM© GKK ABCDE cÂfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj
41 1 4 8 1 13 8 4
= 2 eM© GKK =2 eM© GKK
13 7 1 4 8 13
1 41
kZ©g‡Z, 2
(5k + 23) = 3 2 1
= 2 ( 28 8 4 + 104 + 104 + 104 7 13 + 32 + 32) eM© GKK
ev, 5k + 23 = 123
1
ev, 5k = 123 23 = 2 316 eM© GKK
ev, 5k = 100 = 158 eM© GKK
100
k = 5 = 20 wb‡Y©q †ÿÎdj 158 eM© GKK|
wb‡Y©q gvb 20. M †`Iqv Av‡Q, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y A( 4, 13);
B(8, 8); C(13, 4) Ges D(1, 1)
N GLv‡b, A(3, 4) Ges B( 4, 2) `yBwU we›`y|
Zvn‡j,
24 2 2
AB †iLvi Xvj, m = 4 3 = 7 = 7 AB = ( 4 8)2 + (13 8)2
AB †iLvi mgxKiY, = ( 12)2 + (5)2
y y1 = m(x x1) = 144 + 25 = 13
2 BC = (8 13)2 + (8 + 4)2
ev, y 4 = 7 (x 3) = 52 + 122
ev, 7y 28 = 2x 6 = 144 + 25 = 13
ev, 7y = 2x 6 + 28 CD = (13 1)2 + ( 4 1)2
ev, 7y = 2x + 22 = 122 + 52
= 144 + 25 = 13
26 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
DA = (1 + 4)2 + (1 13)2 N †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(3, 4), Q( 4, 2), R(6 1) Ges S(20, 3)
= 52 + 122 we›`y¸‡jv Nwoi KvUvi wecixZ w`‡K wb‡q PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj
= 144 + 25 = 13 1 3 4 6 20 3
ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU evû mgvb| =2 4
2 1 3 4 eM© GKK
A_©vr AB = BC = CD = DA 1
myZivs PZzf©yRwU GKwU eM© A_ev i¤^m| = 2 (6 + 4 + 18 + 80 + 16 12 + 20 9) eM© GKK
KY©, AC = (13 + 4) 2 + ( 4 13)2 1
= 2 (144 21) eM© GKK
= (17)2 + ( 17)2 1
= 2 123 eM© GKK
= 2 (17)2 = 17 2
Ges KY©, BD = (1 8)2 + (1 8)2 1
= 61 2 eM© GKK
= 72 + 7 2 = 2 72 = 7 2 Avevi, PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri
KY© AC KY© BD
PQ = (3 + 4)2 + (4 2)2
e‡M©i KY©Øq mgvb nq wKš‘ GLv‡b KY©Øq Amgvb|
= 49 + 4 = 53 GKK
myZivs ABCD PZzf©yRwU GKwU i¤^m|
QR = ( 4 6)2 + (2 + 1)2
N GLv‡b, A( 4, 13), D(1, 1) Ges E( 8, 7) we›`y¸‡jv GKwU
= 100 + 9
wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`yÎq n‡j,
= 109 GKK
AD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 4 1)2 + (13 1)2
RS = (6 20)2 + ( 1 3)2
= ( 5)2 + (12)2
= 196 + 16
= 169 = 13 GKK = 212 = 2 53 GKK
DE evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (1 + 8) + (1 7)2
2
SP = (20 3)2 + (3 4)2
= 2
9 + ( 6) 2 = 289 + 1 = 290 GKK
= 117 = 3 13 GKK PQRS PZzf©yR‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = PQ + QR + RS + SP
AE evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 4 + 8)2 + (13 7)2 = ( 53 + 109 + 2 53 + 290) GKK
2 2 = 4931 GKK
= 4 + 6 = 52
= 2 13 GKK wb‡Y©q PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj 6112 eM© GKK Ges cwimxgv 4931 GKK|
†h‡nZz AD evû DE evû AE evû
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 7 XY mgZ‡j (5, 4) we›`yMvgx 3x + by + 1 = 0
myZivs A, D, E we›`yÎq Øviv MwVZ wÎfzR GKwU welgevû wÎfzR|
Ges ax + 6y + 1 = 0 `yBwU mij‡iLv|
cvVm~Î : mij‡iLvi Xvj I mij‡iLvi mgxKiY K. ( 1, 2) I (4, 3) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLv X-A‡ÿi abvZ¥K
w`‡Ki mv‡_ KZ wWMÖx †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv wbY©q Ki| 2
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 6 P(3, 4), Q( 4, 2), R(6, 1) Ges S(20, 3)
L. a I b Gi gvb wbY©q c~e©K DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë mgxKiY؇qi Xvj
GKwU PZzf©y‡Ri kxl©we›`y Ges we›`y PviwU Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ
wbY©q Ki| 4
w`‡K AvewZ©Z|
M. hw` cÖ_g mgxKiYwU X-Aÿ‡K A we›`y‡Z Ges wØZxq
K. Q Ges R we›`y w`‡q AwZµgKvix †iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki| 2
mgxKiYwU Y-Aÿ‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i Z‡e, g~j we›`y †_‡K
L. T(x, y) we›`ywU Q I R we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x n‡j cÖgvY Ki
AB †iLvs‡ki `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4
†h, 20x 6y = 17. 4
M. PQRS PZzf©yR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj Ges cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4 7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
[K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, ˆmq`cyi, bxjdvgvix] L ( 1, 2) I (4, 3) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi Xvj
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 32 5
= 4+1 = 5 =1
L cÖ`Ë we›`yØq Q( 4, 2) Ges R(6, 1)
12 3 3 kZ©g‡Z, tan = 1
QR †iLvi Xvj = 6 ( 4) = 6 + 4 = 10
ev, tan = tan 4
3
wb‡Y©q †iLvi Xvj 10 .
ev, tan = tan 4
M T(x, y) †_‡K Q( 4, 2) we›`yi `~iZ¡ = (x + 4)2 + (y 2)2 GKK
3
Ges T(x, y) †_‡K R(6, 1) we›`yi `~iZ¡ = (x 6)2 + (y + 1)2 ev, tan = tan 4
cÖkœg‡Z, (x + 4)2 + (y 2)2 = (x 6)2 + (y + 1)2 3 3 180
ev, = 4 = 4 = 135
ev, (x + 4)2 + (y 2)2 = (x 6)2 + (y + 1)2 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
ev, x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 4y + 4 = x2 12x + 36 + y2 + 2y + 1 = 135
ev, x2 + 8x + y2 4y x2 + 12x y2 2y = 36 + 1 16 4 ( 1, 2) I (4, 3) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLv X-A‡ÿi abvZ¥K
20x 6y = 17. (cÖgvwYZ) w`‡Ki mv‡_ 135 †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡e|
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 27
M GLv‡b, 3x + by + 1 = 0 .................... (1) cvVm~Î : wÎfzR I PZzfz©R A¼b I †ÿÎdj
ax + 6y + 1 = 0 ..................... (2)
†h‡nZz, (1) bs I (2) bs mij‡iLvØq (5, 4) we›`yMvgx| myZivs m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 8 P(1, 5), Q(4, 5), R(1, 2) Ges S( 2, 2)
`yBwU mgxKiYB (5, 4) Øviv wm× n‡e| GKwU PZzfz©‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y|
15 + 4b + 1 = 0 K. PQ †iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki| 2
ev, 4b = 16
L. PQRS PZzfz©RwU mvgvšÍwiK bv AvqZ‡ÿÎ wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, b = 4
M. PQRS PZzfz©‡Ri mgvb †ÿÎdjwewkó e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q
Avevi, 5a + 24 + 1 = 0
ev, 5a = 25 Ki| 4
[PÆMÖvg †evW© 2020]
25
ev, a = 5 8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
a=5 L cÖ`Ë we›`y P(1, 5) Ges Q(4, 5)
a I b Gi gvb emv‡j mgxKiYØq `uvovq| y y 55 0
3x 4y + 1 = 0 Ges 5x + 6y + 1 = 0 PQ †iLvi Xvj, m = x1 x2 = 1 4 = 3 = 0
1 2
ev, 4y = 3x + 1 ev, 5x = 6y + 1 wb‡Y©q PQ †iLvi Xvj 0.
3 1
ev, y = 4 x + 4 ev, 6y = 5x 1 M GLv‡b, P(1, 5), Q(4, 5), R(1, 2) Ges S( 2, 2) GKwU
3 5 1 PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y|
cÖ_g †iLvi Xvj = 4 ev, y = 6 x 6
Y
2q †iLvi Xvj = 56 ˆÕ•j : Dfq AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg
cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ = 1 ‰KK
3 5 P(1, 5) Q(4, 5)
wb‡Y©q mgxKiY؇qi Xvj 4 I 6 .
N L bs †_‡K cvB, cÖ_g †iLv : 3x 4y + 1 = 0
ev, 3x 4y = 1 O
X X
x y
ev, 1 + 1 =1 S( 2, 2) R(1, 2)
3 4
1
cÖ_g †iLvi X-A‡ÿi †Q`we›`y A 3 0 .
wØZxq †iLv : Y
5x + 6y + 1 = 0 PQ evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (4 1) + (5 5)2 GKK
2
ev, 5x + 6y = 1
= 32 + 02 GKK
x y
ev, 1 +
1
=1 = 9 + 0 GKK = 9 GKK = 3 GKK
5 6
SR evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (1 + 2)2 + ( 2 + 2)2 GKK
1
2q †iLvi Y-A‡ÿi †Q`we›`y B 0 6 . = 32 + 02 GKK
2
1 2 = 9 + 0 GKK = 9 GKK = 3 GKK
AB = 1 + 6 =
1 1 5
3 9 + 36 = 6 PS evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 2 1)2 + ( 2 5)2 GKK
O g~jwe›`y n‡j, = ( 3)2 + ( 7)2 GKK
1 1 1 1
AOB Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 3 6 = 36 eM© GKK = 9 + 49 GKK = 58 GKK
Y QR evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (1 4)2 + ( 2 5)2 GKK
= ( 3)2 + ( 7)2 GKK
X
( )
A 3 0
1
O
X
= 9 + 49 GKK = 58 GKK
PR K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = (1 1)2 + ( 2 5)2 GKK
P ( ) 1
B 0 6
= 02 + ( 7)2 GKK
Y = 0 + 49 GKK = 49 GKK = 7 GKK
GLb, g~jwe›`y n‡Z AB †iLvi Dci j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ OP n‡j, QS K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = ( 2 4)2 + ( 2 5)2 GKK
1 1 = ( 6)2 + ( 7)2 GKK
2 AB OP = 36
2 2 1 = 36 + 49 GKK
ev, OP = 36 AB = = GKK = 85 GKK = 9.2195 GKK (cÖvq)
5 3 5
36 6 †h‡nZz PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri PQ evû = SR evû Ges
1 PS evû = QR evû wKš‘ PR KY© QS KY©|
AZGe, g~jwe›`y †_‡K AB †iLvi `~iZ¡ GKK|
3 5 myZivs PQRS GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
28 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
N GLv‡b, P(1, 5), Q(4, 5), R(1, 2) Ges S( 2, 2) n‡”Q ev, k2 2k + k 2 = 0
PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y| ev, k(k 2) + 1(k 2) = 0
we›`ymg~n‡K Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K wb‡q PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj ev, (k 2) (k + 1) = 0
1 1 2 1 4 1 ev, (k 2) = 0 A_ev, k + 1 = 0
=2 5
2 2 5 5
eM© GKK k=2 k=1
1 wb‡Y©q gvb : k = 1, 2.
= 2 ( 2 + 4 + 5 + 20 + 10 + 2 + 8 5) eM© GKK
1 1
N GLv‡b, A(a + 1, 1), B(2a + 1, 3), C(2t + 2, 2t) we›`y¸‡jv‡K
= 2 (49 7)
eM© GKK = 2 42
eM© GKK = 21 eM© GKK Nwoi KvUvi wecixZµ‡g wb‡q, ABC Gi †ÿÎdj
PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj 21 eM© GKK| 1 a + 1 2a + 1 2t + 2 a + 1
PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri mgvb †ÿÎdjwewkó e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = 21 GKK
=2 1 3 2t 1 eM© GKK
e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 2a GKK 1
= 2 (3a + 3 + 4at + 2t + 2t + 2 2a 1 6t 6 2at 2t) eM© GKK
= 2 21 GKK
1
= 2 21 GKK = 42 GKK = 2 |(a + 2at 4t 2)| eM© GKK
wb‡Y©q PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri mgvb †ÿÎdjwewkó e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 1
= 2 (2at + a 4t 2) eM© GKK
42 GKK|
1
= 2 {a(2t + 1) 2(2t + 1)} eM© GKK
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 9 xy mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z A(a + 1, 1),
1
Ges D(k2, 2k) PviwU we›`y|
B(2a + 1, 3), C(2t + 2, 2t) = 2 (2t + 1) (a 2) eM© GKK
K. a = 1 n‡j AB †iLvi Xvj I mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 2 A, B, Cwe›`y wZbwU mg‡iL n‡j AB Ges BC †iLvi Xvj ci¯úi
1 mgvb n‡e|
L. D we›`yMvgx Ges k Xvjwewkó mij‡iLvwU hw` ( 2, 1)
y y
we›`y w`‡q hvq Z‡e k Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 GLb, AB †iLvi Xvj = x2 x1
2 1
M. ABC Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki Ges A, B, C we›`yÎq 31 2
mg‡iL n‡j t Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 = =
2a + 1 a 1 a
[mwdDwÏb miKvi GKv‡Wgx GÛ K‡jR, U½x, MvRxcyi] y2 y1 2t 3 2t 3
BC †iLvi Xvj = = =
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb x2 x1 2t + 2 2a 1 2t 2a + 1
L GLv‡b, A(a + 1, 1), B(2a + 1, 3) 2 2t 3
kZ©g‡Z, a = 2t 2a + 1
a = 1 n‡j, A(1 + 1, 1), B(2.1 + 1, 3)
ev, A(2, 1), B(3, 3) ev, 2at 3a = 4t 4a + 2
ev, 2at 4t = 3a 4a + 2
GLb, AB †iLvi Xvj = 33 21 = 21 = 2
ev, 2at 4t = a + 2
AB †iLvi mgxKiY, ev, 2t(a 2) = (a 2)
y 1 = 2(x 2) (a 2) 1
ev, y 1 = 2x 4 ev, t = 2(a 2) = 2
ev, 2x y = 1 + 4 1 1
2x y = 3 wb‡Y©q †ÿÎdj 2 (2t + 1) (a 2) eM© GKK Ges t Gi gvb 2 .
wb‡Y©q AB †iLvi Xvj 2 Ges mgxKiY, 2x y = 3.
1 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 10 y = 3x + 4 †iLvwU x Aÿ‡K A we›`y‡Z,
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, m = k Ges †iLvwU (k2, 2k) we›`yMvgx|
3x + y = 10 †iLvwU y Aÿ‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i Ges †iLv؇qi
awi, wbw`©ó we›`y (x1, y1) = (k2, 2k) †Q` we›`y P|
†iLvwUi mgxKiY n‡e, (y y1) = m(x x1)
K. †iLv؇qi Xvj؇qi ¸Ydj wbY©q Ki| 2
ev, (y 2k) = 1k (x k2) 1
L. P we›`yMvgx Ges 3 Xvj wewkó †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 4
x
ev, y = k k + 2k
M. ABP Gi †ÿÎdj I cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4
x [e¸ov K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, e¸ov]
ev, y=k+k
1
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
ev, y = k (x + k2) L †`Iqv Av‡Q, y = 3x + 4 ..................(i)
1 Ges 3x + y = 10
BnvB wb‡Y©q mij‡iLvi mgxKiY hvi Xvj k
ev, y = 3x + 10 ..............(ii)
hw` †iLvwU ( 2, 1) we›`yMvgx nq Z‡e,
1
(i)bs †iLvi Xvj, m1 = 3 Ges (ii) bs †iLvi Xvj, m2 = 3
1 = k ( 2 + k2) m1 m2 = 3 ( 3) = 9
2
ev, 2 + k = k A_©vr, Xvj؇qi ¸Ydj = 9
ev, k2 k 2 = 0 wb‡Y©q Xvj؇qi ¸Ydj 9.
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 29
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, y = 3x + 4 ....................(i) Avevi, ABP-G
Ges 3x + y = 10 ...............(ii) 0 + 4
2
AB = + (10 0)2 GKK
(ii) bs mgxKi‡Y y = 3x + 4 ewm‡q cvB, 3
3x + 3x + 4 = 10 16 16 + 900 916
ev, 6x + 4 = 10 = 9 + 100 = 9 = 9 = 10088 GKK
ev, 6x = 10 4 BP = (1 0)2 + (7 10)2 GKK
ev, 6x = 6 = 1+9= 10 = 3162 GKK
6 2
ev, x=6=1 AP = 1+ 4 + (7 0)2 GKK
3
x=1
(i) bs mgxKiY x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, = 72 + 72 "
3
y = 31 + 4
49 490
y=7 = 9 + 49 = 9 = 7379 GKK
p we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (1, 7) ABP Gi cwimxgv = AB + BP + AP
Avgiv Rvwb, m Xvjwewkó (x1, y1) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, = (10088 + 3162 + 7379) GKK
y y1 = m(x x1) = 20629 GKK
1
3 Xvjwewkó Ges P(1, 7) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, wb‡Y©q ABP Gi †ÿÎdj 7 eM© GKK Ges cwimxgv 20629 GKK|
1
y 7 = 3 (x 1) cvVm~Î : we›`ycvZ‡bi gva¨‡g wÎfzR I PZzfz©R msµvšÍ
ev, 3y 21 = x 1 R¨vwgwZK A¼b I †ÿÎdj
ev, x 3y = 21 + 1 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 11 P ( 10, 6), Q ( 12, 4), R ( 3, 4) I
ev, x 3y = 20 S ( 1, 6) GKwU PZzfz©‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y|
x 3y + 20 = 0
K. 2 Xvj I ( 3, 6) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 2
wb‡Y©q mgxKiY x 3y + 20 = 0.
L. †`LvI †h, PQRS GKwU mvgvšÍwiK| 4
N ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß p we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (1, 7) M. D³ PZzfz©‡Ri †h Ask 2q PZz_© fv‡M Aew¯’Z Zvi †ÿÎdj
cÖ`Ë mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, y = 3x + 4 ........(i) wbY©q Ki| 4
Ges 3x + y = 10 .....(ii) [ewikvj †evW© 2020]
(i) bs †iLv x Aÿ‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j A we›`yi †KvwU k~b¨ 11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
n‡e A_©vr, y = 0 L Avgiv Rvwb,
0 = 3x + 4 m Xvjwewkó I (x1, y1) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY,
ev, 3x = 4 y y1 = m(x x1)
4 2 Xvj I ( 3, 6) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY,
x= 3
y 6 = 2(x + 3)
4
A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 3 0 ev, y 6 = 2x 6
ev, 2x + y 6 + 6 = 0
Avevi, (ii) bs †iLv y Aÿ‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j x = 0
2x + y = 0
3 0 + y = 10 wb‡Y©q mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, 2x + y = 0.
ev, y = 10
B we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (0, 10) M GLv‡b, P( 10, 6), Q( 12, 4), R( 3, 4) I S( 1, 6)
Nwoi KvUvi wecixZ w`‡K we›`y¸‡jv wb‡q ABP Gi
n‡”Q PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y|
PQRS hw` mvgvšÍwiK nq Z‡e Gi PQ I RS evû Ges PS I QR
†ÿÎdj
evû mgvb n‡e Ges PR I QS KY©Øq Amgvb n‡e|
4
1 0 3 1 0 †¯‹j : Dfq Aÿ eivei ÿz`ªZg Y
= 2 10 7 10 eM© GKK
0 cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 1 GKK
P( 10, 6) S( 1, 6)
1 28 40
= 2 0 3 + 10 + 3 0 0 eM© GKK
1 40 28
= 2 3 + 10 3 eM©
GKK X O X
1 40 + 30 28
=2
3 eM© GKK Q( 12, 4) R( 3, 4)
1 42
= 2 3 = 7 eM© GKK Y
30 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
PQ evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 10 + 12)2 + (6 + 4)2 GKK G‡ÿ‡Î, 5x 0 + 56 = 0
= 22 + (10)2 GKK ev, 5x = 56
56
= 4 + 100 GKK = 104 GKK = 2 26 GKK x= 5
RS evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 3 + 1)2 + ( 4 6)2 GKK 56
A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 5 0
= ( 2)2 + ( 10)2 GKK
y+4 x+3
= 4 + 100 GKK = 104 GKK = 2 26 GKK Avevi, RS †iLvi mgxKiY, 4 6 = 3 + 1
QR evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 12 + 3)2 + ( 4 + 4)2 GKK y+4 x+3
ev, 10 = 2
= ( 9)2 + 02 GKK = 81 GKK = 9 GKK
ev, 2y 8 = 10x 30
PS evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 10 + 1)2 + (6 6)2 GKK
ev, 10x 2y 8 + 30 = 0
= ( 9)2 + 02 GKK = 81 GKK = 9 GKK ev, 10x 2y + 22 = 0
PR K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = ( 10 + 3)2 + (6 + 4)2 GKK ev, 2(5x y + 11) = 0
= ( 7)2 + (10)2 GKK 5x y + 11 = 0
X-A‡ÿi Dci †KvwU, y = 0
= 49 + 100 GKK = 149 GKK
RS evû X-Aÿ‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` Kivq B we›`yi †KvwU y = 0
= 12.2066 GKK (cÖvq) G‡ÿ‡Î, 5x 0 + 11 = 0
QS K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = ( 12 + 1)2 + ( 4 6)2 GKK ev, 5x = 11
= ( 11)2 + ( 10)2 GKK 11
x= 5
= 121 + 100 GKK = 221 GKK
11
B we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 5 0
= 14.866 GKK (cÖvq)
†h‡nZz PQ evû = RS evû, QR evû = PS evû wKš‘ PR KY© QS KY©| PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri PABS Ask 2q PZzf©v‡M Aew¯’Z|
ZvB PQRS GKwU mvgvšÍwiK| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 56 11
P( 10, 6), A 5 0, B 5 0 Ges S( 1, 6) we›`y¸‡jv‡K
N GLv‡b, P( 10, 6), Q( 12, 4), R( 3, 4) Ges S( 1, 6) Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K wb‡q PABS PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj
n‡”Q PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU kxl©we›`y|
56 11
g‡b Kwi, PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri PQ evû X-Aÿ‡K A we›`y‡Z Ges RS 1 10 5 5 1 10
=2 eM© GKK
evû X-Aÿ‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| ZvB PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri PABS 6 0 0 6 6
Ask wØZxq PZzf©v‡M Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| 1 66 336
= 2 0 + 0 5 6 5 0 0 60 eM© GKK
†¯‹j : Dfq Aÿ eivei ÿz`ªZg Y
1 96 + 636
= 2 5 + 5 eM© GKK = 2
cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 1 GKK 1 96 636
P( 10, 6) S( 1, 6) 5 eM© GKK
1 540
= 2 5 eM© GKK = 54 eM© GKK
(
A
56
5 )
0
(
B
11
5
0 ) PQRS PZzf©y‡Ri 2q PZzf©v‡M Aew¯’Z As‡ki †ÿÎdj 54 eM© GKK|
X O X
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 12 A(0, 1), B( 2, 3), C(6, 7)
Ges D(8, 3) GKwU PZzfz©‡Ri PviwU we›`y|
Q( 12, 4) R( 3, 4)
3
K. 2 x + 5y 7 = 0 Gi Xvj wbY©q Ki| 2
Y L. †`LvI †h, we›`y PviwU GKwU AvqZ MVb K‡i| 4
1
GLb, PQ †iLvi mgxKiY, M. †`LvI †h, ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 (ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj). 4
y6 x + 10 [wgR©vcyi K¨v‡WU K‡jR, Uv½vBj]
6 + 4 = 10 + 12
12bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
y 6 x + 10
ev, 10 = 2 3
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, 2 x + 5y 7 = 0
ev, 10x + 100 = 2y 12 3
ev, 10x 2y + 100 + 12 = 0 ev, 5y = 2 x + 7
ev, 10x 2y + 112 = 0 3 7
y = 10 x + 5 ..........(1)
ev, 2(5x y + 56) = 0
3
5x y + 56 = 0 (1)bs mgxKiY‡K y = mx + c Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡j Xvj, m = 10
X-A‡ÿi Dci †KvwU y = 0 3
PQ evû X-Aÿ‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` Kivq A we›`yi †KvwU y = 0 wb‡Y©q Xvj 10.
D”PZi MwYZ welqe¯‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb Powered by 31
M GLv‡b, A (0, 1), B( 2, 3), C(6, 7) Ges D(8, 3) we›`yMy‡jv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 13 A(2, 4) we›`yMvgx GKwU †iLvi Xvj 1 Ges
ABCD PZzf©yR MVb K‡i|
†iLvwU x Aÿ‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A we›`yMvgx Aci GKwU
Y
†iLv x Aÿ‡K C(4, 0) we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
C(6, 7) K. AC †iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki| 2
L. AB †iLvwU y Aÿ‡K †h we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i Zvi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q
B( 2, 3) D(8, 3) Ki| 4
M. ABC Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
X O X
[Wvt Lv¯ÍMxi miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg]
A(0, 1)
13bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
†¯‹j : cÖwZ ÿz`ªZg 2 e‡M©i
Y evûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 GKK L A I C we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ h_vµ‡g A(2, 4) Ges C(4, 0).
ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri evû¸‡jv : y y
AC †iLvi Xvj, m = x2 x1
2 2
AB = (0 + 2) + ( 1 3) 2 1
= 20 = 2 5 GKK 04
=
42
BC = (6 + 2)2 + (7 3)2
4
= 80 = 4 5 GKK = 2 =2
CD = (8 6)2 + (7 3)2
AZGe, AC †iLvi Xvj 2|
= 20 = 2 5 GKK
AD = (8 0)2 + (3 + 1)2 M A (2, 4) we›`yMvgx Ges 1 Xvj wewkó †iLvi mgxKiY,
= 80 = 4 5 GKK y y1 = m (x x1)
Ges ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri KY© `yBwU : ev, y 4 = 1 (x 2)
AC = (6 0)2 + (7 + 1)2 ev, y 4 = x 2
= 100 = 10 GKK ev, y x 4 + 2 = 0
BD = (8 + 2)2 + (3 3)2 =
100 = 10 GKK yx2=0
Avgiv Rvwb, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi wecixZ evû¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvbI KY© y x 2 = 0 †iLvwU x Aÿ‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j y = 0|
`yBwU mgvb| 0x2=0
GLv‡b, ABCD PZzf©y‡R evû AB = evû CD, evû BC = evû AD ev, 2=2
Ges KY© AC = KY© BD
x=2
myZivs, ABCD GKwU AvqZ|
B we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ B ( 2, 0).
AZGe, A, B, C Ges D we›`y PviwU GKwU AvqZ MVb K‡i|
04
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) GLb, AB †iLvi Xvj, m = 2 2
N A(0, 1), B( 2, 3) Ges C(6, 7) we›`y¸‡jv Nwoi KvUvi 4
wecixZ w`‡K wb‡q, = =1
4
1 6 2 0 6 AB †iLvi mgxKiY y y1 = m (x x1)
ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 7 eM© GKK
3 1 7 ev, y 4 = 1 (x 2)
1
= 2 (18 + 2 + 0 + 14 0 + 6) eM© GKK ev, y 4 = x 2
1 ev, y x 4 + 2 = 0
= 2 40 eM© GKK = 20 eM© GKK
yx2=0
Avevi, A(0, 1), B( 2, 3), C(6, 7) Ges D(8, 3) we›`y¸‡jv g‡b Kwi, †iLvwU y Aÿ‡K P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i,
Nwoi KvUvi wecixZ w`‡K wb‡q ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj,
y A‡ÿ x = 0
1 6 2 0 8 6
=2 7 eM© GKK y02=0
3 1 3 7
y=2
1
= 2 (18 + 2 + 0 + 56 + 14 0 + 8 18) eM© GKK P we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ P (0, 2).
1 AZGe, AB †iLvwU y Aÿ‡K (0, 2) we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
= 2 80 eM© GKK
= 40 eM© GKK = 2 20 eM© GKK N A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ A ( 2, 4)
ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2 (ABC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj) we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ B ( 2, 0)
B
1 we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ C (4, 0)
C
ABC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2 (ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj)
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) XY mgZ‡j we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb Kwi|
32 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ¯‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021
Y cÖwZ 2 eMÆ = GK GKK Y (i)
(iii)
A(2, 4) (iv) (ii)
D(0, 3)
B( 2, 0)
X O C(4, 0) X
A( 3, 0) C(3, 0)
O
Y X X
2 2
Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 eM© GKK
1 4 2 B(0, 3)
ABC
4 0 0 4
1
= 2 (0 + 0 + 16 + 8 0 0) eM© GKK
Y
1
= 2 24 eM© GKK
N L-n‡Z cÖvß, ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri kxl© we›`y PviwUi ¯’vbv¼
= 12 eM©
GKK
h_vµ‡g A( 3, 0), B(0, 3), C(3, 0) Ges D(0, 3).
AZGe, ABC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 12 eM© GKK|
GLv‡b, AB evûi ˆ`N©¨= {0 ( 3)}2 + ( 3 0)2 GKK
cvVm~Î : mij‡iLvi †jLwPÎ A¼b = 32 + 32 = 3 2 GKK
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 14 (i) y = x + 3; (ii) y = x 3 BC evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (3 0)2 + {0 ( 3)}2 GKK
(iii) y = x + 3; (iv)y = x 3 GKwU PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU evû| = 32 + 32 = 3 2 GKK
K. y = mx + c hLb c > 0 †iLvwUi ˆewkó¨ wba©viY Ki| 2 CD evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (0 3)2 + (3 0)2 GKK
L. PZzf©yRwU AuvK| 4 = 32 + 32 = 3 2 GKK
M. PZzf©yRwUi †ÿÎdj I ˆewkó¨ wba©viY Ki| 4 Ges DA evûi ˆ`N©¨ = ( 3 0)2 + (0 3)2 GKK
[ewikvj miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, ewikvj] = 32 + 3 2
14bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb =3 2 GKK
L y = mx + c; c > 0 †iLvi ˆewkó¨ : AZGe, AB = BC = CD = DA = 3 2 GKK
y = mx + c †iLvwU cv‡ki wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b m n‡jv myZivs PZzfz©RwU eM© A_ev i¤^m|
†iLvi Xvj hv A‡ÿi abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi Avevi, AC K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = {3 ( 3)}2 + (0 0)2 GKK
U¨vb‡R›U (tan > 0) Gi Y
= (3 + 3)2 + 02 GKK
mgvb| c n‡jv aªæeK ev y y = mx + c
c = 62 GKK
A‡ÿi abvZ¥K w`‡Ki KwZ©Z
X = 6 GKK
As‡ki cwigvY wb‡`©k K‡i|
BD K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = (0 0)2 + {3 ( 3)}2 GKK
M cÖ`Ë mgxKiY,
= 02 + (3 + 3)2 GKK
y = x + 3 .................. (i)
y = x 3 ................. (ii) = 62 GKK = 6 GKK
y = x + 3 .............. (iii) KY© AC = KY© BD = 6 GKK
Ges y = x 3 .............. (iv) †h‡nZz ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri evû¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii mgvb Ges KY©Øq
GLb, (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi x I y A‡ÿi Dci Aew¯’Z we›`y `yBwUi ci¯úi mgvb|
¯’vbv¼ ( 3, 0) I (0, 3) †m‡nZz, ABCD PZzfz©RwU GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ|
Avevi, (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi x I y A‡ÿi Dci Aew¯’Z we›`y `yBwUi GLb, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = AB = 3 2 GKK
¯’vbv¼ (3, 0) I (0, 3) eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = a2 = (3 2)2 eM© GKK
Avevi, (iii) bs mgxKi‡Yi x I y A‡ÿi Dci Aew¯’Z we›`y
= 9 2 eM© GKK
`yBwUi ¯’vbv¼ (3, 0) I (0, 3)
= 18 eM© GKK|
Ges (iv) bs mgxKi‡Yi x I y A‡ÿi Dci Aew¯’Z we›`y `yBwUi
wb‡Y©q PZzfz©‡Ri 18 eM© GKK|
¯’vbv¼ ( 3, 0), (0, 3)
PZzfz©RwUi kxl©we›`y¸‡jvi ¯’vbv¼ h_vµ‡g A( 3, 0), B(0, 3), PZzfz©RwUi ˆewkó¨ :
C(3, 0) Ges D(0, 3). (i) PZzfz©RwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb|
QK KvM‡R x I y Aÿ eivei ÿz`ªZg cÖwZ 2 e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 1 (ii) PZzfz©RwUi KY© `ywUi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb|
GKK a‡i we›`y¸wj ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM K‡i PZzfz©RwU AuvKv n‡jv| (iii) PZzfz©RwUi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY mg‡KvY|
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