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Integ Module 3

The document discusses trigonometric formulas and methods for transforming trigonometric integrals using formulas. It provides examples of evaluating integrals using transformations of trigonometric functions like secant, cosine, tangent and cotangent. The examples show transforming the integrals into combinations of simpler integrals involving powers of the trig functions that can be evaluated using known formulas.

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49 views9 pages

Integ Module 3

The document discusses trigonometric formulas and methods for transforming trigonometric integrals using formulas. It provides examples of evaluating integrals using transformations of trigonometric functions like secant, cosine, tangent and cotangent. The examples show transforming the integrals into combinations of simpler integrals involving powers of the trig functions that can be evaluated using known formulas.

Uploaded by

jkperocho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 3

 Trigonometric
Formulas
 Transformation by
Trigonometric
Formulas
TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULA &
TRANSFORMATION BY TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULA

 TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULA

Evaluate the following integral:

(cos x  2 sin x) 2
1. dx
cos x
(cos 2 x  4 sin x cos x  4 sin 2 x)
 dx
cos x
sin 2 xdx
  cos xdx  4  sin xdx  4 
cos x
(1  cos 2 x)dx
  cos xdx  4  sin xdx  4 
cos x
  cos xdx  4  sin xdx  4  sec x  4  cos xdx

 3 cos xdx  4  sin xdx  4  sec xdx


 3 sin x  4 cos x  4 ln(sec x  tan x)  c
1  cos 2 y
2. dy
1  cos 2 y
1  (cos 2 y  sin 2 y )
 dy
1  (cos 2 y  sin 2 y )
1  cos 2 y  sin 2 y
 dy
1  sin 2 y  cos 2 y
sin 2 y  sin 2 y
 dy
cos 2 y  cos 2 y
2 sin 2 y
 dy
2 cos 2 y
  tan 2 ydy

  (sec 2 y  1)dy

  sec 2 ydy   dy
 tan y  y  c

3. (1  cot  ) 2 d

  (1  2 cot   cot 2  )d

  (1  cot 2   2 cot  )d

  (1  cot 2  )d  2  cot d


cos 
  csc 2 d  2  d
sin 
  cot   2 ln sin   c
 TRANSFORMATION BY TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS

Many trigonometric integrals can be evaluated after transformations


of the integrand, requiring only the most familiar trigonometric
formulas. If, instead of memorizing the types listed below, the student
will observe the character of the transformations employed, he can
easily pick the requisite method in any given case.
Evaluate the following:

1. sec 6  tan d

  tan  sec 4  sec 2 d

  tan  (tan 2   1) 2 sec 2 d

  tan  (tan 4   2 tan 2   1) sec 2 d

  tan 5  sec 2 d  2  tan 3  sec 2 d   tan  sec 2 d


tan 6  2 tan 4  tan 2 
   c
6 4 2
tan 6  tan 4  tan 2 
   c
6 2 2
2. cos 2 ydy
1
  (1  cos 2 y )dy
2
1 1
  dy   cos 2 ydy
2 2
1 1 1
 y  .  cos 2 y (2)dy
2 2 2
1 1
 y  sin 2 y  c
2 4

3. cos 2 2 x sin 3 2 xdx

  cos 2 2 x sin 2 2 x sin 2 xdx

  cos 2 2 x(1  cos 2 2 x) sin 2 xdx

  cos 2 2 x sin 2 xdx   cos 4 2 x sin 2 xdx


1 1

2  cos 2 2 x(2 sin 2 x)dx 
2  cos 4 2 x(2 sin 2 x)dx

 1  cos 2 x  1  cos 2 x 
3 5
    c
2  3  2  5 
  cos 3 2 x   cos 5 2 x 
       c
 6   10 

4. cot 4 ydy

  (csc 2 y  1) cot 2 ydy

  cot 2 y csc 2 ydy   cot 2 ydy

  cot 2 y csc 2 ydy   (csc 2 y  1)dy

  cot 2 y csc 2 ydy   csc 2 ydy   dy

   cot 2 y ( csc 2 y )dy   csc 2 ydy   dy


cot 3 y
  cot y  y  c
3
Evaluate each of the following integrals:

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